Ideological Features in the Translation of Alternative Medicine Texts
Abstract Language is an instrument of power used by authors to shape reality and achieve some specific goals through their texts. Translators, as readers (Gadamer) and rewriters (Lefevere), unavoidably mark their texts with unique features: «all translation implies a degree of manipulation of the source text for a certain purpose» (Hermans 1985, 11). In this article, we will focus on alternative medicine texts to study this process. We start from the hypothesis that news related to so-called «alternative medicines» have precise pragmalinguistic elements dealing with an epistemological condition that is separate from that of official medicine. We will analyse a corpus of 30 texts belonging to this specialised area in order to clarify how some ideological and cultural patterns are transmitted and we will analyse the translator’s role in this process.
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ÁLVAREZ RODRÍGUEZ, Román & M.ª Carmen África ViDal claRaMonte, eds. 1996. Translation, Power, Subversion. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
ANSCOMBRE, Jean Claude & Oswald DucRot. 1983. L’argumentation dans la langue. Liège: Mardaga.
BHATIA, Vijay Kumar. 1993. Analysing Genre. Language Use in Professional Settings. London & New York: Longman.
BROWN, Penelope & Stephen C. leVinson. 1978. Politeness. Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: CUP.
CARBONELL CORTÉS, Ovidi. 1999. Traducción y cultura: de la ideología al texto. Salamanca: Ediciones Colegio de España.
CARBONELL CORTÉS, Ovidi y KHaDija MaDouRi, K. 2005. «Las huellas de la ideología». En La traducción periodística, ed. por Carmen Cortés Zaborras y María José Hernández Guerrero. Cuenca: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 199-236.
CARBONELL CORTÉS, Ovidi. 2010. «Análisis de pautas de traducción ideológica en el discurso periodístico». En Translating Information, ed. by Roberto Antonio Valdeón García, Oviedo: Ediciones Universidad de Oviedo (EDIUNO), 453-458.
DIARIOSALUD. Accessed December 10, 2014. http://www.diariosalud.net.
ECO, Umberto. 2008. Decir casi lo mismo. [orig. Dire quasi la stessa cosa]. Traducido por Helena Lozano Miralles. Barcelona: Lumen
FAIRCLOUGH, Norman. 1989. Language & Power. Harlow: Longman.
FAWCETT, Peter. 1998. «Ideology & translation». In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, ed. by Mona Baker. London & New York: Routledge, 106-111.
GENTZLER, Edwin & Maria Tymoczko, eds. 2002. Translation & Power. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
HATIM, Basil & Ian Mason. 1997. The Translator as Communicator. London & New York: Routledge.
HEALTH Day. Accessed December 9, 2014. http://www.healthday.com/.
HERMANS, Theo. 1985. The Manipulation of Literature. Studies in Literary Translation. London & Sydney: Croom Helm.
HERMANS, Theo. 1996. «Norms & the Determination of Translation: A Theoretical Framework». In Translation, Power, Subversion, ed. by Román Álvarez Rodríguez & M.ª Carmen África Vidal Claramonte. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 25-51.
LEFEVERE, André & Susan Bassnett. 1990. «Introduction: Proust’s Grandmother & the Thousand & One Nights: The ‘Cultural Turn’ in Translation Studies», In Translation, History & Culture, ed. by André Lefevere & Susan Bassnett. London: Pinter, 1-13.
LEFEVERE, André. 2004. Translation, Rewriting & the Manipulation of Literary Fame. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
MASON, Ian. 1994. «Discourse, Ideology & Translation». In Language, Discourse & Translation, ed. by Robert De Beaugrande, Abdulla Shunnaq & Mohamed Helmy Heliel. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 23-34.
MEDLINE Plus. Accessed December 7, 2014. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ alphanews_m.html.
POTTER, Jonathan. 2006. La representación de la realidad. Discurso, retórica y construcción social. Barcelona: Ediciones Paidós Ibérica.
REUTERS Health. Accessed December 9, 2014. http://www.reutershealth.com.
SCHÄFFNER, Christina. 2003. «Third ways & new centres: Ideological unity or difference?» Apropos of ideology, ed. by María Calzada-Pérez. Manchester: St. Jerome, 23-42.
TOURY, Gideon. 2000. «The nature & role of norms in translation». In The translation studies reader, ed. by Lawrence Venuti. London & New York: Routledge, 198-211.
TYMOCZKO, Maria. 2003. «Ideology & the position of the translator. In what sense is a translator ‘in between’?» Apropos of Ideology. ed. by María Calzada-Pérez. Manchester: St. Jerome, 181-201.
VAN DIJK, Teun A. 1996. «Discourse, opinions & ideologies». In Discourse & ideologies, ed.
Christina Schäffner & Helen Kelly-Holmes. Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters, 7-37.
VAN DIJK, Teun A. 1998. Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach. London, Thousand Oaks & New Delhi: Sage.
VAN DIJK, Teun A. 2001. «Critical Discourse Analysis». In The Handbook of Discourse Analysis, ed. by Deborah Schiffrin, Deborah Tannen & Heidi E. Hamilton. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 352-371.
VENUTI, Lawrence. 1998. The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference. London
& New York: Routledge.
VIHLA, Minna. 1999. Medical Writing: Modality in Focus. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
ANSCOMBRE, Jean Claude & Oswald DucRot. 1983. L’argumentation dans la langue. Liège: Mardaga.
BHATIA, Vijay Kumar. 1993. Analysing Genre. Language Use in Professional Settings. London & New York: Longman.
BROWN, Penelope & Stephen C. leVinson. 1978. Politeness. Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: CUP.
CARBONELL CORTÉS, Ovidi. 1999. Traducción y cultura: de la ideología al texto. Salamanca: Ediciones Colegio de España.
CARBONELL CORTÉS, Ovidi y KHaDija MaDouRi, K. 2005. «Las huellas de la ideología». En La traducción periodística, ed. por Carmen Cortés Zaborras y María José Hernández Guerrero. Cuenca: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 199-236.
CARBONELL CORTÉS, Ovidi. 2010. «Análisis de pautas de traducción ideológica en el discurso periodístico». En Translating Information, ed. by Roberto Antonio Valdeón García, Oviedo: Ediciones Universidad de Oviedo (EDIUNO), 453-458.
DIARIOSALUD. Accessed December 10, 2014. http://www.diariosalud.net.
ECO, Umberto. 2008. Decir casi lo mismo. [orig. Dire quasi la stessa cosa]. Traducido por Helena Lozano Miralles. Barcelona: Lumen
FAIRCLOUGH, Norman. 1989. Language & Power. Harlow: Longman.
FAWCETT, Peter. 1998. «Ideology & translation». In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, ed. by Mona Baker. London & New York: Routledge, 106-111.
GENTZLER, Edwin & Maria Tymoczko, eds. 2002. Translation & Power. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
HATIM, Basil & Ian Mason. 1997. The Translator as Communicator. London & New York: Routledge.
HEALTH Day. Accessed December 9, 2014. http://www.healthday.com/.
HERMANS, Theo. 1985. The Manipulation of Literature. Studies in Literary Translation. London & Sydney: Croom Helm.
HERMANS, Theo. 1996. «Norms & the Determination of Translation: A Theoretical Framework». In Translation, Power, Subversion, ed. by Román Álvarez Rodríguez & M.ª Carmen África Vidal Claramonte. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 25-51.
LEFEVERE, André & Susan Bassnett. 1990. «Introduction: Proust’s Grandmother & the Thousand & One Nights: The ‘Cultural Turn’ in Translation Studies», In Translation, History & Culture, ed. by André Lefevere & Susan Bassnett. London: Pinter, 1-13.
LEFEVERE, André. 2004. Translation, Rewriting & the Manipulation of Literary Fame. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
MASON, Ian. 1994. «Discourse, Ideology & Translation». In Language, Discourse & Translation, ed. by Robert De Beaugrande, Abdulla Shunnaq & Mohamed Helmy Heliel. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 23-34.
MEDLINE Plus. Accessed December 7, 2014. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ alphanews_m.html.
POTTER, Jonathan. 2006. La representación de la realidad. Discurso, retórica y construcción social. Barcelona: Ediciones Paidós Ibérica.
REUTERS Health. Accessed December 9, 2014. http://www.reutershealth.com.
SCHÄFFNER, Christina. 2003. «Third ways & new centres: Ideological unity or difference?» Apropos of ideology, ed. by María Calzada-Pérez. Manchester: St. Jerome, 23-42.
TOURY, Gideon. 2000. «The nature & role of norms in translation». In The translation studies reader, ed. by Lawrence Venuti. London & New York: Routledge, 198-211.
TYMOCZKO, Maria. 2003. «Ideology & the position of the translator. In what sense is a translator ‘in between’?» Apropos of Ideology. ed. by María Calzada-Pérez. Manchester: St. Jerome, 181-201.
VAN DIJK, Teun A. 1996. «Discourse, opinions & ideologies». In Discourse & ideologies, ed.
Christina Schäffner & Helen Kelly-Holmes. Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters, 7-37.
VAN DIJK, Teun A. 1998. Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach. London, Thousand Oaks & New Delhi: Sage.
VAN DIJK, Teun A. 2001. «Critical Discourse Analysis». In The Handbook of Discourse Analysis, ed. by Deborah Schiffrin, Deborah Tannen & Heidi E. Hamilton. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 352-371.
VENUTI, Lawrence. 1998. The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference. London
& New York: Routledge.
VIHLA, Minna. 1999. Medical Writing: Modality in Focus. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Albarrán Martín, R. (2015). Ideological Features in the Translation of Alternative Medicine Texts. CLINA Revista Interdisciplinaria De Traducción Interpretación Y Comunicación Intercultural, 1(1), 11–28. Retrieved from https://revistas.usal.es/dos/index.php/clina/article/view/12895
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