Uso y evolución de los planos-modelo de escuelas unitarias durante la dictadura primorriverista y la Segunda República (1922-1937)

Abstract

Beginning in 1920, the year in which the Oficina Técnica para Construcción de Escuelas (OTCE) was created, the State assumed direct responsibility for the construction of public primary school buildings. As a result, from then on, the works were to be carried out either directly by the State with contributions from the city councils, or by the municipalities with state subsidies. The OTCE contributed to this task by designing different school models, both single-story and double-story, which represented a first attempt at adapting both to the vernacular climate variations and to the different construction systems specific to each area. While the models designed by the OTCE are well known, this is not the case with the schools built based on them. This paper aims to fill this gap by studying the public one-room schools built throughout Spain during the first third of the 20th century.