Análisis de las metodologías en los estudios de los nativos digitales en la universidad. Revisión de la literatura científica entre 2010-2015

Resumen

La popularización a partir de la década de los noventa del siglo XX del término nativos digitales ha motivado la realización de múltiples investigaciones en distintos países con el objetivo de clarificar las características de dichos nativos digitales en su forma de pensar, comportarse y aprender y de dilucidar su homogeneidad generacional. El objetivo de esta contribución es analizar las distintas metodologías de investigación utilizadas en los recientes trabajos empíricos para mejorar el conocimiento de las citadas características en el ámbito de la universidad. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión de las ocho publicaciones científicas con el índice h5 de Google Scholar más elevado en la subcategoría Educational Technology entre los años 2010 y 2015. La metodología utilizada ha combinado el análisis documental con el análisis textual de las 37 investigaciones que aportan datos empíricos en el ámbito universitario y que cumplen los criterios de inclusión elaborados para el presente trabajo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, a pesar del uso habitual del término nativos digitales y de la habitual atribución de características específicas y homogéneas a los mismos, la variedad terminológica, por un lado, y la utilización de metodologías e instrumentos de investigación diversos por otro, no facilitan la comparación de los resultados obtenidos en las distintas investigaciones y no permiten obtener un conocimiento claro del fenómeno. A pesar de las dificultades constatadas, los diferentes estudios analizados mejoran la comprensión de los nativos digitales a la vez que ponen de manifiesto una complejidad no contemplada en las primeras investigaciones.
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