Innovative Educational Spaces: Architecture, Art and Nature for University Excellence
Abstract Education is a spatial, affective and collective act. Consequently, innovation in Education is narrowly connected with the quality of its buildings and associated spaces. This principles support a transcendental idea: the cultural and artistic values of a campus (Architecture, Nature, works of Art) must be projected internally and externally as paradigms for the University community and for society in general, as they have the potential to enrich the teaching&learning processes. Planners in charge of the conception of any campus must be aware of the transcendence of such a mission. It is necessary to underline the key role that physical spaces have to play in the evolution of Universities towards innovation, as they host the human contact needed to achieve the true mission of Universities: the integral formation of a human being. The design of any future University seat must be driven by an aim of excellence; for such a critical purpose, this paper traces the innovative «Educational Campus» philosophy, as a conceptual&operational tool to promote the modernization of Universities; as a modern paradigm, it can be applied to encourage and guide the processes of positive transformation of Institutions of Higher Education. Actually, this emerging modernization pattern has being used by the Spanish Ministry of Education in its Program «International Campus of Excellence» since its first edition in 2009.
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BOYD, V. & HORD, S. M. (1994) Principles and the new paradigm: school as learning communities. New Orleans, LA: AERA.
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CAMPOS, P. (2008) Sustainable Education Campus in Spain: Nature and Architecture for training. Paris: Programme on Educational Building OECD 2008/63, OECD Publishing.
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CAMPOS, P. (2010) The concept of «Educational Campus» and its application in Spanish Universities. Paris: CELE Exchange, 2010/8, OECD Publishing.
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CHAABANE, A. S. & MOUSS, L. H. (1998) The North-South dialogue through higher education. Exeter, Pergamon: Higher Education Policy 11, pp. 81-94.
DAIGNEAU, W. A. (2005) Megatrends and Myths: Facilities Management Practices in Higher Education. Paris: PEB Exchange. Programme on Educational Building, 2005/12, OECD Publishing.
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GÓMEZ MENDOZA, J. et al. (1985) Guettos Universitarios. Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
KELLER, G. (1983) Academic Strategy. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. MIES VAN DER ROHE, L. (1923) Bauen, G nv.2 September 1923, p.1 in F. Neumeyer Mies as Self Educator in R. Achilles, K. Harrington & C. Myhrum ed., Mies van der Rohe: Architect As Educator. Exhibition catalogue, (Mies van der Rohe Centennial Project). Chicago, IL: Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 1986), p. 30.
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PURINI, F. (1980) L’Architettura didattica. Reggio Calabria, Italia: Casa del Libro Editrice.
RESTANY, P. & ZEVI, B. (1982) SITE. La Arquitectura como arte. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
RODRÍGUEZ, A. (1989) Historia de la Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca: Fundación Ramón Areces Congregación de Santo Domingo.
ROSSI, A. (1980) The Architecture of the City. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
TURNER, P. V. (1984) Campus. An American planning tradition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. WAISMAN, M. (1995) La Universidad en la Ciudad. In COAM (ed.) La Ciudad del Saber. Ciudad, Universidad y Utopía. Madrid, Spain: COAM.
WISELY, N. & JORGENSEN, M. (2000) Retaining Students Through Social Interaction: Special Assignment Residence Halls. Arlington, VA: NACAC, Journal of College Admission, 167.
ARNHEIM, R. (1977) The dynamics of architectural form. Los Angeles: The Regents of the University of California.
BOYD, V. & HORD, S. M. (1994) Principles and the new paradigm: school as learning communities. New Orleans, LA: AERA.
CAMPESINO, A. J. (1995) Territorio, Ciudad y Universidad. In COAM (ed.) La Ciudad del Saber. Ciudad, Universidad y Utopía (pp. 135-137). Madrid: COAM.
CAMPOS, P. (2002) El Viaje de la Utopía. Madrid: Editorial Complutense.
CAMPOS, P. (2006) The Journey of Utopia – The story of the first American style Campus in Europe. Hauppauge, NY: Novascience Publishers.
CAMPOS, P. (2008) Sustainable Education Campus in Spain: Nature and Architecture for training. Paris: Programme on Educational Building OECD 2008/63, OECD Publishing.
CAMPOS, P. (2010) España-Campus de Excelencia Internacional. Spain-Campus of International Excellence. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación.
CAMPOS, P. (2010) The concept of «Educational Campus» and its application in Spanish Universities. Paris: CELE Exchange, 2010/8, OECD Publishing.
CAMPOS, P. (2011) Identidad, innovación y entorno en la Universidad Española. Identity, innovation and environment at Spanish Universities. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación.
CASTREJÓN, J. (1982) El concepto de Universidad. Mexico: Ediciones Océano.
CLARK, Burton R. (1998) Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: Organizational Pathways of Transformation. Oxford: Elsevier Science for International Association of Universities.
CLARK, Burton R. (2005) Sustaining Change In Universities: Continuities in Case Studies and Concepts. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
CHAABANE, A. S. & MOUSS, L. H. (1998) The North-South dialogue through higher education. Exeter, Pergamon: Higher Education Policy 11, pp. 81-94.
DAIGNEAU, W. A. (2005) Megatrends and Myths: Facilities Management Practices in Higher Education. Paris: PEB Exchange. Programme on Educational Building, 2005/12, OECD Publishing.
DELLA VOLPE, G. (1964) Critique of Taste. London: Verso, 1991 (1.ª edición Milan, 1964). GABELNICK, F. J.; MAC GREGOR, J.; MATTHEWS, R. S. & SMITH, R. S. (1990) Learning Communities: creating connections among students, faculty and disciplines. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, New Directions for Teaching and Learning, n.º 41.
GAINES, T. (1991) The Campus as a Work of Art. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
GÓMEZ MENDOZA, J. et al. (1985) Guettos Universitarios. Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
KELLER, G. (1983) Academic Strategy. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. MIES VAN DER ROHE, L. (1923) Bauen, G nv.2 September 1923, p.1 in F. Neumeyer Mies as Self Educator in R. Achilles, K. Harrington & C. Myhrum ed., Mies van der Rohe: Architect As Educator. Exhibition catalogue, (Mies van der Rohe Centennial Project). Chicago, IL: Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 1986), p. 30.
MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA Y DEPORTE (The Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport) (2003) La Integración del Sistema Universitario Español en el Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior.
MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN (The Spanish Ministry of Education) (2010) Estrategia Universidad 2015. El camino para la modernización de la Universidad.
MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN (2010) Campus de Excelencia Internacional. El Arte como criterio de excelencia. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación.
MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN (2010) El Programa Español de Campus de Excelencia Internacional; The Spanish Programme of International Campus of Excellence. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación.
NAIR, P. & FIELDING, R. (2005) The Language of School Design. Minneapolis, MN: Designshare.
NAVARRO, J. R. & GALLARDO, F. O. (2003) A model for strategic change. Universities and dynamic capabilities. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, Higher Education Policy 14, pp. 199-212.
NUSSBAUM, M. C. (1998) Cultivating Humanity: A Classical Defence of Reform in Liberal Education. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
ORR, D. (2002) The Nature of Design: ecology, culture and human intention. New York: Oxford University Press.
ORTEGA Y GASSET, J. (1930) Misión de la Universidad. Madrid: Revista de Occidente in Alianza Editorial, 1997.
PAINTER, S. (2003) Neuro-biology, Species Survival, & Campus Spatial Archetypes. Ann Arbor, MI: Society for College and University Planning, Annual Conference.
PINK, D. (2005) A whole new mind: Moving from the Information Age to the Conceptual Age. New York: Riverhead Books.
PULIDO, A. (2009) El futuro de la universidad. Madrid: Delta.
PURINI, F. (1980) L’Architettura didattica. Reggio Calabria, Italia: Casa del Libro Editrice.
RESTANY, P. & ZEVI, B. (1982) SITE. La Arquitectura como arte. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
RODRÍGUEZ, A. (1989) Historia de la Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca: Fundación Ramón Areces Congregación de Santo Domingo.
ROSSI, A. (1980) The Architecture of the City. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
TURNER, P. V. (1984) Campus. An American planning tradition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. WAISMAN, M. (1995) La Universidad en la Ciudad. In COAM (ed.) La Ciudad del Saber. Ciudad, Universidad y Utopía. Madrid, Spain: COAM.
WISELY, N. & JORGENSEN, M. (2000) Retaining Students Through Social Interaction: Special Assignment Residence Halls. Arlington, VA: NACAC, Journal of College Admission, 167.
Campos Calvo-sotelo, P. (2014). Innovative Educational Spaces: Architecture, Art and Nature for University Excellence. Aula, 20, 159–174. https://doi.org/10.14201/12567
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