Calidad de vida, salud mental y sintomatología de los padres de personas con autismo: una revisión paraguas
Resumen Con la alta prevalencia del autismo en el mundo y la gravedad que puede presentar por las comorbilidades asociadas, existe una creciente preocupación por los efectos que pueden generar sobre la calidad de vida, la salud mental y la sintomatología de los padres de personas con autismo. El objetivo de esta revisión paraguas fue analizar revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis relacionados con la calidad de vida, la salud mental y la sintomatología de los padres de personas con autismo. Se utilizó la metodología PRISMA y se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed, Scopus, WoS y APA PsycArticles. De un total de 345 registros, se seleccionaron 25 artículos que incluyen 18 revisiones sistemáticas, cuatro revisiones sistemáticas con metaanálisis y uno con metasíntesis; y dos metaanálisis. Los resultados señalan que la calidad de vida se ve afectada en los padres en los aspectos subjetivos y objetivos. También presentan síntomas de afectación en la salud mental, siendo mayor que en padres de personas con otras discapacidades o trastornos del desarrollo. Existen estrategias de afrontamiento para revertir las afectaciones negativas en ambas problemáticas. Los resultados de este estudio permiten abrir líneas de investigación hacia padres de adolescentes y adultos con autismo, para generar programas de intervención centrados en los padres e investigaciones hacia las madres, como principales cuidadoras, para la formulación de políticas de salud e intervenciones con perspectiva de género.
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