Sur la compréhension des «pratiques» roms. La recherche éducationnelle incitée à passer de «ce qui est le cas» à «ce qu’il faut faire»
Résumé
Généralement, le peuple Rom est considéré comme un peuple très différent de ceux au grand courant de la société. L’objectif de cet article est double. Tout d’abord, il explore ces différences et tente de donner un sens aux pratiques sociales des Roms. Afin d’y parvenir, il applique à cette sous-culture le cadre théorique de la signification et des pratiques sociales prévues par Wittgenstein, Winch et autres. Deuxièmement, bien que ce «cas extrême» pousse à ses dernières limites ce cadre théorique, on prétend qu’il est néanmoins possible d’exprimer cette vaste expérience de la différence. La notion de Wittgenstein de «savoir comment continuer» invite la recherche éducationnelle à dépasser «ce qui est le cas» et à arriver à «ce qu’il faut faire». Par l’intermédiaire d’exemples empiriques tirés de recherches sur l’éducation des enfants Roms, nous plaidons pour la nécessité de franchir cette nouvelle étape. Des réponses sont fournies quant à «comment continuer» en ce qui concerne le cas étudié, et les possibilités et les contraintes du cadre théorique et de la recherche éducationnelle sont explorées.
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Hemelsoet, E. (2012) How to make sense of the right to education? Issues from the case of Roma people. Ethics and Education, 7, 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2012.733603
Hemelsoet, E. (2013a) A critical appraisal of policies and practices focusing upon the right to education: The case of the Roma in Ghent. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Ghent University, Belgium.
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Smeyers, P. (2009) Education, educational research, and the 'grammar' of understanding. A response to Bridges. Ethics and Education, 4, 125-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449640903326722
Smeyers, P. (2012) Chains of dependency: On the disenchantment and the illusion of being free at last (Part 1; Part 2). Journal of Philosophy of Education, 46, 177-191; 461-471. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2012.00862.x
Smeyers, P. and Burbules, N. (2006) Education as initiation into practices. Educational Theory, 56, 439-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.2006.00237.x
Smeyers, P. and Marshall, J. (eds.) (1995) Philosophy and education: Accepting Wittgenstein's challenge. Dordrecht, Kluwer.
Székelyi, M.; Csepeli, G. and Örkény, A. (2003) Ambitious education: The role of family, school and friends in the development of successful Romany life courses. Romani Studies. Fifth Series, 13 (1), 53-72. https://doi.org/10.3828/rs.2003.2
Taylor, C. (1985) Philosophical papers. Volume 1. Human agency and language. Volume 2. Philosophy and the human sciences. Cambridge, University Press.
The World Bank (2012) Toward an equal start: Closing the early learning gap for Roma children in Eastern Europe. Washington, us, The World Bank. unicef (2011) The right of Roma children to education. Position paper. Paris, Unicef.
Van der Straeten, I. (2013) «Wat wil je later graag worden?» Een exploratief onderzoek naar het toekomstperspectief van Roma-jongeren in Gent. ma thesis. Ghent, Ghent University.
Winch, P. (1958) The idea of a social science and its relation to philosophy. London, Routledge.
Winch, P. (1987) Trying to make sense. Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
Wittgenstein, L. (1953) Philosophical investigations/Philosophische Untersuchungen (G. E. M. Anscombe, Trans.). Oxford, Blackwell. [PI in text.]
Wittgenstein, L. (1969) On certainty/Über Gewissheit (Edited by G. E. M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright; D. Paul and G. E. M. Anscombe, Trans.). Oxford, Blackwell. [C in text.]
Beck, U. (1992) Risk society: Towards a new modernity. New Delhi, Sage.
Cahn, C.; Chirico, D.; McDonald, C.; Mohácsi, V.; Peric, T. and Székely, Á. (1999) Roma in the educational systems of Central and Eastern Europe, in Fényes, C.; McDonald, C. and Mészáros A. (eds.) The Roma education resource book. Budapest, Open Society Institute, 20-26.
Cavell, S. (1988) In quest of the ordinary. Lines of scepticism and romanticism. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
European Commission (2009) eu Platform or Roma Inclusion: memo/09/193. Brussels, European Commission.
European Commission (2011) An eu Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies up to 2020: com/2011/0173. Brussels, European Commission.
Fraser, A. (1992) The Gypsies. Oxford, uk, Blackwell Publishers.
Gómez Alonso, J. and Vargas, J. (2003) Why Roma do not like mainstream school: A voice of people without a territory. Harvard Educational Review, 73, 559-590. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.73.4.k6807432592612j3
Guy, W. (2001) Between past and future: the Roma of Central and Eastern Europe. Hatfield, Hertfordshire University Press.
Hemelsoet, E. (2012) How to make sense of the right to education? Issues from the case of Roma people. Ethics and Education, 7, 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2012.733603
Hemelsoet, E. (2013a) A critical appraisal of policies and practices focusing upon the right to education: The case of the Roma in Ghent. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Ghent University, Belgium.
Hemelsoet, E. (2013b) The Roma people: problem or mirror for Western European societies? An exploration of educational possibilities, in Miskovic, M. (ed.) Roma Education in Europe. Practices, policies, and politics. Philadelphia, Routledge, 59-70.
Hemelsoet, E. (2015) Shaping the right to education for Roma children. A case study of present practices in Ghent, Belgium. Intercultural Education, 26 (2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2015.1023009
Hemelsoet, E. and Van Pelt, P. (2013) Questioning the policy framing of Roma in Ghent, Belgium: Some implications of taking an insider perspective seriously. Social Inclusion, 3 (5), 148-160. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i5.236
Ladányi, J. and Szelényi, I. (2003) Patterns of exclusion: Constructing Gypsy ethnicity and the making of an underclass in transitional societies of Europe. New York, Columbia University Press.
Levinson, M. P. and Sparkes, A. C. (2005) Gypsy children, space, and the school environment. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 18, 751-772. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518390500298212
Lewis, C. D. (1943) 'Where Are the War Poets'. Consulted 13 May, 2013. http://www.cday-lewis.co.uk/#/the-poems/4525050884.
Lewis, O. (1959) Five families: Mexican case studies in the culture of poverty. New York, Basic Books.
Liégois, J.-P. (2007) Roma in Europe. Strasbourg, Council of Europe Publishing.
Lucassen, L.; Willems, W. and Cottaar, A. (1998) Gypsies and other itinerant groups. A socio-historical approach. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26341-7
Malcolm, N. (1986) Nothing is hidden. Wittgenstein's criticism of his early thought. Oxford, Blackwell.
McDonald, C. and Negrin, K. (2010) No data-No progress. Data collection in countries participating in the Decade of Roma Inclusion 2005-2015. New York, Open Societies Foundations.
Myers, M.; McGhee, D. and Bhopal, K. (2010) At the crossroads: Gypsy and Traveller Parents' Perceptions of Education, Protection and Social Change. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 13 (4), 533-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2010.492138
Nussbaum, M. (1997) Cultivating humanity. A classical defence of reform in liberal education. Cambridge, Harvard up.
O'Nions, H. (2010) Different and unequal: The educational segregation of Roma pupils in Europe. Intercultural Education, 21 (1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675980903491833
Open Society Foundations (2012) Failing another generation. The travesty of Roma education in the Czech Republic. New York, Open Society Foundations.
Rorke, B. (2013) Beyond first steps. What next for the eu framework for Roma integration? Budapest, Roma Initiatives Office.
Rostas, I. (ed.) (2012) Ten years after. A history of Roma school desegregation in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest, Roma Education Fund and Central European University Press.
?andru, R. (2009) Roma and education in Romania: An analysis of educational problems and the actions taken to overcome them. Romani E Journal, 4, 30-45.
Smeyers, P. (2006) 'What it makes sense to say'. Education, philosophy and Peter Winch on social science. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 40, 463-485. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2006.00532.x
Smeyers, P. (2007) The invisible homogenization of educational research. On opening up the sphere of responsiveness, in Smeyers, P. and Depaepe, M. (eds.) Educational research: Networks and technologies. Dordrecht, Springer, 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6613-9_7
Smeyers, P. (2009) Education, educational research, and the 'grammar' of understanding. A response to Bridges. Ethics and Education, 4, 125-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449640903326722
Smeyers, P. (2012) Chains of dependency: On the disenchantment and the illusion of being free at last (Part 1; Part 2). Journal of Philosophy of Education, 46, 177-191; 461-471. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2012.00862.x
Smeyers, P. and Burbules, N. (2006) Education as initiation into practices. Educational Theory, 56, 439-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.2006.00237.x
Smeyers, P. and Marshall, J. (eds.) (1995) Philosophy and education: Accepting Wittgenstein's challenge. Dordrecht, Kluwer.
Székelyi, M.; Csepeli, G. and Örkény, A. (2003) Ambitious education: The role of family, school and friends in the development of successful Romany life courses. Romani Studies. Fifth Series, 13 (1), 53-72. https://doi.org/10.3828/rs.2003.2
Taylor, C. (1985) Philosophical papers. Volume 1. Human agency and language. Volume 2. Philosophy and the human sciences. Cambridge, University Press.
The World Bank (2012) Toward an equal start: Closing the early learning gap for Roma children in Eastern Europe. Washington, us, The World Bank. unicef (2011) The right of Roma children to education. Position paper. Paris, Unicef.
Van der Straeten, I. (2013) «Wat wil je later graag worden?» Een exploratief onderzoek naar het toekomstperspectief van Roma-jongeren in Gent. ma thesis. Ghent, Ghent University.
Winch, P. (1958) The idea of a social science and its relation to philosophy. London, Routledge.
Winch, P. (1987) Trying to make sense. Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
Wittgenstein, L. (1953) Philosophical investigations/Philosophische Untersuchungen (G. E. M. Anscombe, Trans.). Oxford, Blackwell. [PI in text.]
Wittgenstein, L. (1969) On certainty/Über Gewissheit (Edited by G. E. M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright; D. Paul and G. E. M. Anscombe, Trans.). Oxford, Blackwell. [C in text.]
Hemelsoet, E., & Smeyers, P. (2016). Sur la compréhension des «pratiques» roms. La recherche éducationnelle incitée à passer de «ce qui est le cas» à «ce qu’il faut faire». Teoría De La Educación. Revista Interuniversitaria, 28(2), 201–224. https://doi.org/10.14201/teoredu282201224
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