Rethinking the Human, Reconfiguring Bonds: Ethical and Epistemological Horizons for Environmental Education
Abstract
The current ecological and civilizational crisis calls for a profound revision of the ethical and epistemological foundations through which humanity has historically related to the environment. This article offers a theoretical and critical exploration of the main conceptual frameworks that have shaped the modern understanding of human beings and their relationship with nature: from classical anthropocentrism, which positioned the human (though not all humans) as the measure and end of all things, to contemporary approaches that seek to modulate or reconfigure that relationship, such as biocentrism, ecocentrism, ecofeminism, decolonial thought, and posthumanist perspectives.
The analysis identifies convergences around a relational and complex understanding of life, but also critical tensions, such as the risk that posthumanist decentering may dilute moral and political responsibility, or that global sustainability discourses may perpetuate anthropocentric and technocratic biases. From this standpoint, the paper argues that environmental education must integrate the ethical, political, and epistemic dimensions of civilizational transformation. It highlights the need for an environmental education capable of challenging the narratives of domination, separation, and human exceptionalism that have underpinned Western thought, while fostering a relational, interdependent, and ecosocial understanding of existence.
In the context of ecosocial collapse and climate emergency, the article advocates for repoliticizing environmental education as a space for ethical dialogue, ecosocial justice, and collective learning oriented toward rebuilding the bond between humanity and nature. Ultimately, it calls for a new ecosocial pedagogy that recognizes our ecodependence and assumes the shared responsibility of ensuring the sustainability of life on Earth.
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