The University as Troublemaker
Abstract This paper begins by considering the claims that in many ways, the university sector is in trouble, and that there are a variety of potential reasons for this state of affairs. Drawing on the etymological insights of the word ‘trouble’, the paper suggests that we can situate the university very differently: we can see it not as an institution in trouble, but rather as a place that troubles and that agitates the mind. It is a troublemaker. It argues that the university is – ipso facto – a place for the agitation and troubling of minds in three distinct ways. First, drawing on the American philosopher, Stanley Cavell’s, idea of passionate utterance, it considers the place of the lecture, and explores how in the encounter of this pedagogical form, the university is a troublemaker. Second, in drawing on Cavell’s ideas of invitation to dialogue, the paper offers a thick account of the civic university, and by doing this, shows how the university is a political troublemaker. Third, it draws on John Williams’ evocative (1965) novel, Stoner, to demonstrate how – through the relationships between lecturer and student – the university can be seen as personal troublemaker. The paper concludes by outlining two influential accounts of the way that academics and students can survive and flourish in the university given the pressures that are increasingly evident in the sector. It shows how these are both problematic, and that hope for the university – and for re-imagining its purpose as troublemaker – can be found in the very ordinariness of the ways in which we talk together.
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Biggs, J. (2003). Teaching for Quality Learning at University. Second edition. Society for Research in Higher Education & Open University Press.
Brewer, J. D. (2013). The Public Value of the Social Sciences: An Interpretative Essay. Bloomsbury.
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (2020a). Coronavirus: 13 UK universities 'could go bust without bailout'. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-53280965
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (2020b). More students say university not value for money. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-52999315
Buitendijk, S. (2017). Lectures: As archaic as bloodletting in an era of modern medicine. Times Higher Education, March 19. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/lectures-as-archaic-as-bloodletting-in-era-of-modern-medicine
Cannon, R., & Newble, D. (2000). A Guide to Improving Teaching Methods: A Handbook for Teachers in University and College. Kogan Page.
Cavell, S. (2005). Philosophy the Day after Tomorrow. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Chronicle of Higher Education (2021). A major exodus: Inflexible remote-work policies could bring major staff turnover. https://www.chronicle.com/article/a-mass-exodus-inflexible-remote-work-policies-may-bring-major-staff-turnover-for-colleges
DfE – Department for Education, (2019). ITT Core Content Framework DFE-00015-2019. Department for Education.
Doidge, S., Doyle, J., & Hogan, T. (2020). The University in the Global Age: Reconceptualising the Humanities and Social Sciences for the Twenty-first century. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 52(11), 1126-1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1752186
Downes, M. (2017). University Scandal, Reputation and Governance. International Journal of Academic Integrity 13(8). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-017-0019-0
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Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Trans. Myra Bergman Ramos. Penguin Books.
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Fulford, A., (2016a). (Mis)-Understanding the Student Experience. PES Yearbook 2016.
Fulford, A. (2016b). Education: Expectation and the Unexpected. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 35(4), 415-425.
Fulford, A. (2017). Refusal and Disowning Knowledge: Re-Thinking Disengagement in Higher Education. Ethics and Education, 12(1), 105-115.
Fulford, A. (2020). Contracting with students: Re-thinking Higher Education as Invitation to Treat. Higher Education Quarterly, 74(1), 63-74.
Fulford, A., & Mahon, A. (2020). A Philosophical Defence of the University Lecture. Oxford Review of Education, 36(3), 363-374.
Goddard, J., Hazelkorn, E., Kempton, L., & Vallance, P. (Eds.) (2016). The Civic University: The Policy and Leadership Challenges. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Guardian (2019). “It’s cut-throat”: Half of UK academics stressed and 40 % thinking of leaving https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/may/21/cut-throat-half-academics-stressed-thinking-leaving
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Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and Time. Trans. J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson. Blackwell.
Honkimaki, S., Tynjala, P., & Valkonen, S. (2004). University Students’ Study Orientations, Learning Experiences and Study Success in Innovative Courses. Studies in Higher Education, 29(4), 431-449. https://doi.org/10.1080/0307507042000236353
Independent (2019). Thousands of EU academics left posts at leading British universities after Brexit vote. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/brexit-eu-academics-university-no-deal-professors-a9047616.html
Kaye. L., & Bates, E. A. (2016). The Impact of Higher Fees on Psychology Students’ Reasons for Attending University. Journal of Further and Higher Education 41(3), 379-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2015.1117597
Laurillard, D. (2002). Rethinking University Teaching. 2nd Edition. Routledge Falmer.
Lomer, S., Papatsiba, V., & Naidoo, R. (2018). Constructing a National Higher Education Brand for the UK: Positional Competition and Promised Capitals. Studies in Higher Education, 43(1), 134-153.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2016.1157859
Marcel, G. (1964). Creative Fidelity. Trans Robert Rosthal. Fordham University Press.
Moran, J. (2021). To the Anxious Humanities Scholar. Critical Quarterly, 63(2). 4-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/criq.12608
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2019). Benchmarking Higher Education System Performance. OECD Publishing.
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD. (2021). The State of Higher Education: One Year into the COVID-19 Pandemic. OECD Publishing.
Pruvot, E. B., Estermann, T., & Stoyanova, H. (2021). Public Funding Observatory Report 2020/2021, Part 2. EUA.
Readings, B. (1997). The University in Ruins. Harvard University Press.
Ritzen, J. (2015). European Universities during the Crisis: A Public Policy Perspective, with a Brief Excursion to the US. IZA Policy Paper 107. IZA.
Rolfe, G. (2013). The University in Dissent: Scholarship in the Corporate University. Routledge.
Sandel, M. (2016). What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. Allen Lane.
Small, A. (2014). In Defense of the Lecture. https://www.chronicle.com/article/in-defense-of-the-lecture/
Smyth, J. (2018). The Toxic University: Zombie Leadership, Academic Rock Stars and Neoliberal Ideology. Palgrave Macmillan.
Telegraph (2020). ‘Dumbed down’ university courses unfair to students. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/07/02/dumbed-university-courses-unfair-students-says-minister/
Thoreau, H. D. (1854/1999). Walden. Oxford University Press.
Thoreau, H. D. (1862/2006). Walking. Cosmo.
Times Higher Education (THE) (2021). EU applications to UK universities plummet by 40 per cent. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/eu-applications-uk-universities-plummet-40per-cent.
Tokumistu, M. (2017). Long Live the Lecture! https://www.chronicle.com/article/long-live-the-lecture/.
Vansieleghem, N., & Masschelein, J. (2012). Education as Invitation to Speak: On the Teacher Who does Not Speak. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 46(1), 85-99.
Wilkinson, L. C., & Wilkinson, M. D. (2020). Value for Money and the Commodification of Higher Education: Front-line Narratives. Teaching in Higher Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2020.1819226.
Williams, J. (1965/2012). Stoner. Vintage Books.
Bajak, A. (2014, May 12). Lectures aren’t just boring, they’re ine?ective, too, study ?nds. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/05/lecturesarent-just-boring-theyre-ine?ective-too-study-?nds
Biggs, J. (2003). Teaching for Quality Learning at University. Second edition. Society for Research in Higher Education & Open University Press.
Brewer, J. D. (2013). The Public Value of the Social Sciences: An Interpretative Essay. Bloomsbury.
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (2020a). Coronavirus: 13 UK universities 'could go bust without bailout'. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-53280965
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (2020b). More students say university not value for money. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-52999315
Buitendijk, S. (2017). Lectures: As archaic as bloodletting in an era of modern medicine. Times Higher Education, March 19. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/lectures-as-archaic-as-bloodletting-in-era-of-modern-medicine
Cannon, R., & Newble, D. (2000). A Guide to Improving Teaching Methods: A Handbook for Teachers in University and College. Kogan Page.
Cavell, S. (2005). Philosophy the Day after Tomorrow. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Chronicle of Higher Education (2021). A major exodus: Inflexible remote-work policies could bring major staff turnover. https://www.chronicle.com/article/a-mass-exodus-inflexible-remote-work-policies-may-bring-major-staff-turnover-for-colleges
DfE – Department for Education, (2019). ITT Core Content Framework DFE-00015-2019. Department for Education.
Doidge, S., Doyle, J., & Hogan, T. (2020). The University in the Global Age: Reconceptualising the Humanities and Social Sciences for the Twenty-first century. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 52(11), 1126-1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1752186
Downes, M. (2017). University Scandal, Reputation and Governance. International Journal of Academic Integrity 13(8). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-017-0019-0
European University Association (EUA) (2020). Briefing: European Higher Education in the Covid 19 Crisis. EUA.
Evans, M. (2005). Killing Thinking; The Death of the Universities. Continuum.
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Trans. Myra Bergman Ramos. Penguin Books.
Fulford, A. (2013). Satisfaction, Settlement and Exposition: Conversation and the University Tutorial. Ethics and Education, 8(2), 114-122.
Fulford, A., (2016a). (Mis)-Understanding the Student Experience. PES Yearbook 2016.
Fulford, A. (2016b). Education: Expectation and the Unexpected. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 35(4), 415-425.
Fulford, A. (2017). Refusal and Disowning Knowledge: Re-Thinking Disengagement in Higher Education. Ethics and Education, 12(1), 105-115.
Fulford, A. (2020). Contracting with students: Re-thinking Higher Education as Invitation to Treat. Higher Education Quarterly, 74(1), 63-74.
Fulford, A., & Mahon, A. (2020). A Philosophical Defence of the University Lecture. Oxford Review of Education, 36(3), 363-374.
Goddard, J., Hazelkorn, E., Kempton, L., & Vallance, P. (Eds.) (2016). The Civic University: The Policy and Leadership Challenges. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Guardian (2019). “It’s cut-throat”: Half of UK academics stressed and 40 % thinking of leaving https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/may/21/cut-throat-half-academics-stressed-thinking-leaving
Heffernan, T. A., & Heffernan, A. (2018). Language Games: University Responses to Ranking Metrics. Higher Education Quarterly, 72(1), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12139
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and Time. Trans. J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson. Blackwell.
Honkimaki, S., Tynjala, P., & Valkonen, S. (2004). University Students’ Study Orientations, Learning Experiences and Study Success in Innovative Courses. Studies in Higher Education, 29(4), 431-449. https://doi.org/10.1080/0307507042000236353
Independent (2019). Thousands of EU academics left posts at leading British universities after Brexit vote. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/brexit-eu-academics-university-no-deal-professors-a9047616.html
Kaye. L., & Bates, E. A. (2016). The Impact of Higher Fees on Psychology Students’ Reasons for Attending University. Journal of Further and Higher Education 41(3), 379-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2015.1117597
Laurillard, D. (2002). Rethinking University Teaching. 2nd Edition. Routledge Falmer.
Lomer, S., Papatsiba, V., & Naidoo, R. (2018). Constructing a National Higher Education Brand for the UK: Positional Competition and Promised Capitals. Studies in Higher Education, 43(1), 134-153.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2016.1157859
Marcel, G. (1964). Creative Fidelity. Trans Robert Rosthal. Fordham University Press.
Moran, J. (2021). To the Anxious Humanities Scholar. Critical Quarterly, 63(2). 4-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/criq.12608
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2019). Benchmarking Higher Education System Performance. OECD Publishing.
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD. (2021). The State of Higher Education: One Year into the COVID-19 Pandemic. OECD Publishing.
Pruvot, E. B., Estermann, T., & Stoyanova, H. (2021). Public Funding Observatory Report 2020/2021, Part 2. EUA.
Readings, B. (1997). The University in Ruins. Harvard University Press.
Ritzen, J. (2015). European Universities during the Crisis: A Public Policy Perspective, with a Brief Excursion to the US. IZA Policy Paper 107. IZA.
Rolfe, G. (2013). The University in Dissent: Scholarship in the Corporate University. Routledge.
Sandel, M. (2016). What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. Allen Lane.
Small, A. (2014). In Defense of the Lecture. https://www.chronicle.com/article/in-defense-of-the-lecture/
Smyth, J. (2018). The Toxic University: Zombie Leadership, Academic Rock Stars and Neoliberal Ideology. Palgrave Macmillan.
Telegraph (2020). ‘Dumbed down’ university courses unfair to students. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/07/02/dumbed-university-courses-unfair-students-says-minister/
Thoreau, H. D. (1854/1999). Walden. Oxford University Press.
Thoreau, H. D. (1862/2006). Walking. Cosmo.
Times Higher Education (THE) (2021). EU applications to UK universities plummet by 40 per cent. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/eu-applications-uk-universities-plummet-40per-cent.
Tokumistu, M. (2017). Long Live the Lecture! https://www.chronicle.com/article/long-live-the-lecture/.
Vansieleghem, N., & Masschelein, J. (2012). Education as Invitation to Speak: On the Teacher Who does Not Speak. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 46(1), 85-99.
Wilkinson, L. C., & Wilkinson, M. D. (2020). Value for Money and the Commodification of Higher Education: Front-line Narratives. Teaching in Higher Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2020.1819226.
Williams, J. (1965/2012). Stoner. Vintage Books.
Fulford, A. (2022). The University as Troublemaker. Teoría De La Educación. Revista Interuniversitaria, 34(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.14201/teri.27819
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