Variables implicadas en el funcionamiento de los adultos con trastorno del espectro autista nivel 1: revisión narrativa
Resumen Introducción y objetivos. Diversos estudios indican que los adolescentes y adultos con TEA nivel 1 (TEA-1) tienen dificultades en su funcionamiento a pesar de no tener una discapacidad intelectual comórbida. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los factores que influyen significativamente en el funcionamiento de adultos con TEA-1. Se utilizaron los términos de búsqueda Asperger’s, “high-functioning autism”, adapt*, “daily function*” y sinónimos en 14 bases de datos. Finalmente se incluyeron en esta revisión un total de 44 artículos. Resultados y conclusiones. Múltiples factores están involucrados en el funcionamiento de los adultos con TEA-1, como la implementación de programas de transición a la vida adulta, el deterioro de las funciones ejecutivas, el nivel de afectación en la sintomatología y la salud mental, junto con factores socioambientales. Los pocos estudios que se han realizado sobre este último factor mencionan que las familias y los profesionales juegan un papel importante en el funcionamiento de los adultos con TEA-1. Por lo tanto, por sí solo, el cociente intelectual no es un predictor consistente del funcionamiento. Como conclusión importante, se requieren estudios que midan el funcionamiento de manera integral.
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Feldman, C. and Daviso, A. (August, 08-10, 2018). Evidence-based courses of study to improve post-school outcomes for students with autism. International Teacher Education Conference, Indiana, United States of America. www.ite-c.net
Flower, R. L., Richdale, A. L. and Lawson, L. P. (2021). Brief report: What happens after school? Exploring post-school outcomes for a group of autistic and non-autistic Australian youth. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04600-6
Fuentes, J., Hervas, A. and Howlin, P. (2020). ESCAP practice guidance for autism: A summary of evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(6), 961-984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01587-4
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Helles, A., Gillberg, I. C., Gillberg, C. and Billstedt, E. (2017). Asperger syndrome in males over two decades: Quality of life in relation to diagnostic stability and psychiatric comorbidity. Autism, 21(4), 458-469. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316650090
Henninger, N. A. and Lounds Taylor, J. (2012). Outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders: A historical perspective. Autism (London), 17(1), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361312441266
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