Variables implicadas en el funcionamiento de los adultos con trastorno del espectro autista nivel 1: revisión narrativa

Resumen

Introducción y objetivos. Diversos estudios indican que los adolescentes y adultos con TEA nivel 1 (TEA-1) tienen dificultades en su funcionamiento a pesar de no tener una discapacidad intelectual comórbida. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los factores que influyen significativamente en el funcionamiento de adultos con TEA-1. Se utilizaron los términos de búsqueda Asperger’s, “high-functioning autism”, adapt*, “daily function*” y sinónimos en 14 bases de datos. Finalmente se incluyeron en esta revisión un total de 44 artículos. Resultados y conclusiones. Múltiples factores están involucrados en el funcionamiento de los adultos con TEA-1, como la implementación de programas de transición a la vida adulta, el deterioro de las funciones ejecutivas, el nivel de afectación en la sintomatología y la salud mental, junto con factores socioambientales. Los pocos estudios que se han realizado sobre este último factor mencionan que las familias y los profesionales juegan un papel importante en el funcionamiento de los adultos con TEA-1. Por lo tanto, por sí solo, el cociente intelectual no es un predictor consistente del funcionamiento. Como conclusión importante, se requieren estudios que midan el funcionamiento de manera integral.
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