Physiology in the movies: Coma, CO and understanding of gas exchange
Abstract We analyze the movie Coma directed by Michael Chricton in 1978 and inspired in the novel of the same name that was written by Robin Cook. The film is a medical thriller that shows several cases of patients who dropped in coma in a hospital during simple surgical procedures of minimal risk. Patients were young and healthy and the appearance of coma was unexpected and unexplainable. The heroine is a resident from surgery who discovers that affected patients are moved to the same long care institution. There, their organs are illegally removed to be used in patients who need them and who pay huge amounts of money. She also investigates the cause of coma and discovers that patients are poisoned with carbon monoxide during surgical procedures. The film has a teaching interest to stimulate the understanding of blood oxygen transport by hemoglobin, as well as the knowledge of affinity to this molecule by several gases, as oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Students may also learn how to apply physiological concepts to understand the carbon monoxide intoxication, the clinical signs and symptoms, and the scientific bases of its treatment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11494
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/medu.12352
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270003260679
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13075553
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García?Sánchez JE, Frenadillo MJ, García?Sánchez E. El cine en la docencia de las enfermedades infecciosas y la microbiología clínica. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2002; 20:403?406. Disponible en: http://zl.elsevier.es/es/revista/enfermedades?infecciosas?microbiologia?clinica?28/el?cine?docencia?las?enfermedades?infeccio? sas?microbiologia?13037009?articulo?especial?2002
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Kim HP, Ryter SW, Choi AMK. CO as a cellular signaling molecule. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006; 46:411?419.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.46.120604.141053
R. Intoxicación por monóxido de carbono. Revisión de cuarenta casos. Emergencias 1995; 7:32?33.
Rapezzi C, Ferrari R, Branzi A. White coats and fingerprints: diagnostic reaso? ning in medicine and investigative methods of fictional detectives. BMJ. 2005;331:1491?1494. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti? cles/PMC1322237/
Rose C. How to teach biology using the movie science of cloning people, res? urrecting the dead, and combining flies and humans. Public Undestand Sci. 2003; 12:289?296. Disponible en: http://www.penelopeironstone.com/science? movies.pdf
Sánchez Berrocal JL, Ramos Pastor N, et al. Intoxicación subclínica por monóxido de carbono en nuestra área sanitaria. Rev Clin Esp 2003; 203:378?381.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13049435
Sanz MJ, Mancebo JJ, Sánchez A, Artillo A, Larramendi S, del Castillo C, Arias
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01421590802641489
Ventura S, Onsman A. The use of popular movies during lectures to aid the teaching and learning of undergraduate pharmacology. Med Teach. 2009; 31:662? 664.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01421590802641489
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70289-8
Arendt?Nielsen L, Cairns BE. Pain: what poisons are revealing about its mech? anisms. Lancet Neurol. 2014; 13:22?23.
Baños JE, Aramburu JF, Sentí M. Biocinema: la experiencia de emplear pelícu? las comerciales con estudiantes de Biología. Rev Med Cine [Internet]. 2005; 1:42?46 Disponible en: http://revistamedicinacine.usal.es/index.php/97?vol1/num28/ 546?biocinema?la?experiencia?de?emplear?peliculas?comerciales?con?estudian? tes?de?biologia?en?scribd
Baños JE, Torrens M. Novel·la negra i metges. Exemples d’una associació gens aleatòria. Ann Med 2012; 95:122?127. Disponible en: http://www.academia.cat/ files/499?168?FITXER/sense01.pdf
Baños JE. How literature and popular movies can help in medical education: applications for teaching the doctor?patient relationship. Med Educ. 2007; 41:918.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02829.x
Belling C. The living dead. Fiction, horror and bioethics. Pers Biol Med. 2010; 53:439?451.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.0.0168
Ber R, Alroy G. Twenty years of experience using trigger films as a teaching tool. Acad Med. 2001; 76:656?658.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200106000-00022
Bertomeu?Sánchez JR, Nieto?Galán A, editores. Chemistry, medicine and crime. Mateu J.B. Orfila (1787?1853) and his times. Samagore Beach, MA: Science History Publications, 2006.
Bosch F, Baños JE. Mi tío de América, Henri Laborit y la ilustración de la teo? ría neurobiológica de la organización social. Educ Med. 2008; 11:61?67. Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S1575?18132008000200 004&script=sci_arttext
Breithaupt H. Movies for teaching science. EMBO Rep. 2002; 3:918?920. Disponible en: http://embor.embopress.org /cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&p mid=12370200
Burillo?Putze G, Nogué?Xarau S, Pérez?Castrillón JL, Dueñas?Laita A. Cianuro y monóxido de carbono en la intoxicación por humo de incendio. Rev Neurol 2009; 48:335?336.
Cook R. Coma. New York: Signet Book; 1977.
Darbyshire D, Baker P. A systematic review and thematic analysis of cinema in medical education. Med Humanit. 2012; 38:28?33.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2011-010026
Darbyshire D, Baker P. El cine en la formación médica. ¿Ha tenido acogida? Rev Med Cine [Internet]. 2011; 7:8?14. Disponible en: http://revistamedicinaci? ne.usal.es/index.php/105?vol7/num13/625?el?cine?en?la?formacion?medica?iha? tenido?acogida?en?scribd
Diochot S, Baron A, Salinas M, Douguet D, Scarzello S, Dabert?Gay AS et al. Black mamba venom peptides target acid?sensing ion channels to abolish pain. Nature 2012; 490:552?557.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11494
Farré M, Arribas S, Pérez J, Baños JE. Bioethical principles, clinical research and popular movies. Med Educ. 2013; 47:1119?1116.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/medu.12352
Farré M, Bosch F, Roset PN, Baños JE. Putting clinical pharmacology in context: the use of popular movies. J Clin Pharmacol. 2004; 44:30?36.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270003260679
Farré M, Pérez J. Uso del cine comercial en la docencia de la bioética en estu? dios de Biología. Rev Med Cine [Internet]. 2011; 7:3?7. Disponible en: http://revistamedicinacine.usal.es/index.php/es/vol7/num1/623
Fleta Zaragozano J, Fons Estupiñá C, Arnauda Espatolero P, Ferrer Dufol A, Olivares López JL. Intoxicación por monóxido de carbono. An Pediatr (Barc) 2005; 62:587?590.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13075553
García Arroyo I, Fernández Testa A, Ochoa Sangrador C, Antolín García MT
García Sánchez JE, García Sánchez E. La Revista de Medicina y Cine y la forma? ción médica. Rev Med Cine [Internet]. 2012; 8:51?52. Disponible en: http://revis? tamedicinacine.usal.es/index.php/117?vol8/num2/686?la?revista?de?medicina?y? cine?y?la?formacion?medica
García?Sánchez JE, Frenadillo MJ, García?Sánchez E. El cine en la docencia de las enfermedades infecciosas y la microbiología clínica. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2002; 20:403?406. Disponible en: http://zl.elsevier.es/es/revista/enfermedades?infecciosas?microbiologia?clinica?28/el?cine?docencia?las?enfermedades?infeccio? sas?microbiologia?13037009?articulo?especial?2002
Hanafy KA, Oh J, Otterbein LE. Carbon monoxide and the brain: time to ret? hink the dogma. Curr Pharm Des. 2013; 19:2771?2775. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3672861/
Kim HP, Ryter SW, Choi AMK. CO as a cellular signaling molecule. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006; 46:411?419.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.46.120604.141053
R. Intoxicación por monóxido de carbono. Revisión de cuarenta casos. Emergencias 1995; 7:32?33.
Rapezzi C, Ferrari R, Branzi A. White coats and fingerprints: diagnostic reaso? ning in medicine and investigative methods of fictional detectives. BMJ. 2005;331:1491?1494. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti? cles/PMC1322237/
Rose C. How to teach biology using the movie science of cloning people, res? urrecting the dead, and combining flies and humans. Public Undestand Sci. 2003; 12:289?296. Disponible en: http://www.penelopeironstone.com/science? movies.pdf
Sánchez Berrocal JL, Ramos Pastor N, et al. Intoxicación subclínica por monóxido de carbono en nuestra área sanitaria. Rev Clin Esp 2003; 203:378?381.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13049435
Sanz MJ, Mancebo JJ, Sánchez A, Artillo A, Larramendi S, del Castillo C, Arias
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01421590802641489
Ventura S, Onsman A. The use of popular movies during lectures to aid the teaching and learning of undergraduate pharmacology. Med Teach. 2009; 31:662? 664.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01421590802641489
Baños, J., Samsó Sabe, E., & Farré, M. (2015). Physiology in the movies: Coma, CO and understanding of gas exchange. Journal of Medicine and Movies, 11(1), 13–18. Retrieved from https://revistas.usal.es/cinco/index.php/medicina_y_cine/article/view/13481
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