Wine, salt, and raisins for fish, flour, and staves: American shipping Trade with Spain in the end of the 18th century (1780-1800)
Abstract This article addresses the issue of shipping trade between the American ports of the Philadelphia district and those of New England with Spain, during the turbulent years of the late eighteenth century. First, the US consular network in Spain is analyzed, which seems to depend on the perception that merchants and captains had about its usefulness. Subsequently, the analysis of the movement of ships to and from Spanish ports, the usual routes used by this traffic and the merchandise object of this trade are addressed. An exhaustive examination of the investigated sources is also made, especially the documentation of the American customs, along with commercial correspondence and the press.
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Phillips, J. D. (1947). Salem and the Indies. The Story of the Great Commercial Era of the City. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Pitkin, T. (1835). A Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States of America. New Haven: Durrie and Peck.
Taylor, G. R. (1964). «American economic growth before 1840: An exploratory essay», Journal of Economic History. 4, 427-444. - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700061167
Williams, G.H. (2009). The French Assault on American Shipping, 1793-1813. A History and Comprehensive Record of Merchant Marine Losses. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland &Co.
Wood, G. S. (2009). Empire of liberty: A history of the early republic, 1789-1815. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zabala Uriarte, A. (1994). Mundo urbano y actividad mercantil: Bilbao 1700-1810. Bilbao: Bizkaia Kutxa.
Carrasco-González, G. (2010). «La Délegation consulaire des États-Unis à Cadix au debut du XIXe siècle». En J. Ülbert (ed.), Consuls et services consulaires au XIXe siècle. Hamburg: DOBU Verlag.
Carrasco-González, G. (2016). «El comercio de Estados Unidos con Cádiz entre 1788 y 1820; Tráfico portuario y consignatarios». En J.J. Iglesias y J.J. García Bernal (coords.) Andalucía en el mundo Atlántico moderno: Agentes y escenarios, Madrid: Sílex, 165-192.
Carrasco-González, G. (2018). «Importaciones y comercialización de los vinos del Marco de Jerez en Estados Unidos (1791-1824). Investigaciones de Historia Económica, 14, 154-164. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihe.2017.04.013
Carrasco-González, G. (2018). «La presencia de comerciantes estadounidenses en España a finales del Antiguo Régimen: La actividad mercantil y los negocios de Richard Worsan Meade (1804-1818)». Chronica Nova, 44, 153-175.
Flaherty, R. N. (2014). To «the most distant parts of the Globe»: Trade, Politics, and the Maritime Frontier in the Early Republic. (Tesis doctoral), Universidad de Virginia.
Updyke, F.A. (1915). The diplomacy of the War of 1812. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Gilbert, G. N. (1977). «Baltimore's Flour Trade to the Caribbean, 1750-1815», Journal of Economic History. Vol. 37, 1, 249-251. - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700112057
Goldin, C. D. Y Lewis, F. D. (1980). «The role of exports in American economic growth during the Napoleonic wars, 1793 to 1807». Explorations in Economic History, 1, 6-25. - https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4983(80)90023-6
Hunter, B. (2005). «Wheat, War, and the American Economy during the Age of Revolution». The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series. Vol 62, 3, 505-526. - https://doi.org/10.2307/3491533
Land, J., Eloranta J. Y Moreira, M. C. (2019). Trade and the new republic. American trade during the Napoleonic Wars, 1783-1830. En J. Eloranta, E. Golson, P. Hedberg y M. C. Moreira (eds.), Small and Medium Powers in Global History. Trade, Conflicts, and Neutrality from the 18th to the 20th Centuries, New York: Routledge, 29-51. - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315180946-2
Lydon, J. G. (1981). «The Massachusetts Fish Trade with Iberia, 1700-1773». The New England Quarterly. Vol, 45, 4, 539-582. - https://doi.org/10.2307/365152
Lydon, J. G. (2008). Fish and Flour for Gold, 1600-1800: Southern Europe in the Colonial Balance of payments, Recuperado de http://librarycompany.org/Economics/PDF%20Files/lydon_web.pdf
Martínez Ruiz, J. I. (2005). «El Mercado internacional de cereales y harinas y el abastecimiento de la periferia Española en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII: Cádiz entre la regulación y el mercado». Investigaciones de Historia Económica, 1, 45-79. - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1698-6989(05)70285-X
Marzagalli, S. (2010). «American Shipping into the Mediterranean during the French Wars: A First Approach». Research in Maritime History, 44, 43-62. - https://doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497346.003.0004
Marzagalli, S. (2019). «The United States and the Mediterranean during the French Wars (1793-1815)». En J. Eloranta, E. Golson, P. Hedberg y M. C. Moreira (eds.), Small and Medium Powers in Global History. Trade, Conflicts, and Neutrality from the 18th to the 20th Centuries, New York: Routledge, 53-72. - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315180946-3
McCusker, J. J. (2010). «Worth a War? The Importance of the Trade between British America and the Mediterranean». Research in Maritime History, 44, 7-24. - https://doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497346.003.0002
North, D.C. (1961). The economic growth of the United States, 1790-1860, New York: W.W. Norton.
Paine, R.D. (1912). The Ships and Sailors of Salem. The Record of a brilliant Era of American achievement. Chicago: McClurg & Co.
Phillips, J. D. (1947). Salem and the Indies. The Story of the Great Commercial Era of the City. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Pitkin, T. (1835). A Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States of America. New Haven: Durrie and Peck.
Taylor, G. R. (1964). «American economic growth before 1840: An exploratory essay», Journal of Economic History. 4, 427-444. - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700061167
Williams, G.H. (2009). The French Assault on American Shipping, 1793-1813. A History and Comprehensive Record of Merchant Marine Losses. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland &Co.
Wood, G. S. (2009). Empire of liberty: A history of the early republic, 1789-1815. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zabala Uriarte, A. (1994). Mundo urbano y actividad mercantil: Bilbao 1700-1810. Bilbao: Bizkaia Kutxa.
Carrasco González, G. (2020). Wine, salt, and raisins for fish, flour, and staves: American shipping Trade with Spain in the end of the 18th century (1780-1800). Studia Historica: Historia Moderna, 42(1), 165–193. https://doi.org/10.14201/shhmo2020421165193
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