Epic and Romance in The Lord Of The Rings
Resumen En el campo de la literatura comparada, El señor de los anillos ha sido analizada sobre todo en el contexto del romance y la épica. Sin embargo, este acercamiento deja de lado importantes aspectos genéricos, como la presencia del género de la novela y las tradiciones mitológicas. Si elegimos cualquier género concreto como vara de medir para evaluar el éxito de la obra en términos narrativos, tendemos a llegar a la conclusión de que El señor de los anillos no termina de encajar en ninguno. En la obra de Tolkien, existe una exploración narrativa y estilística de los límites de diferentes géneros literarios en que las principales tradiciones narrativas occidentales –el mito, la épica, el romance y la novela, con sus respectivos subgéneros– interactúan en un mundo previamente desconocido pero muy coherente que, debido a la cohesión requerida por el uso de semejante cronotopo, muestra una consistente contextualización de las referencias a las tradiciones previas. A diferencia de muchas expresiones literarias de modernistas contemporáneos, la resultante ausencia de ironía y parodia da lugar a un diálogo entre tradiciones en que los diferentes géneros exploran e interrogan sus propios límites sin dejar a otros como absurdamente incompatibles, risibles o superfluos.
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Wilson, E. (1956). «Oo, those Awful Orcs!». In Wilson, E., The Bit Between My Teeth: A Literary Chronicle of 1950-1965 (pp. 326-332). New York: Farrar.
Battarbee, K. (Ed.). (1993). Scholarship and Fantasy: Proceedings of the Tolkien Phenomenon. Anglicana Turkuensia 12. Turku: University of Turku.
Beer, G. (1977). The Romance (first edition 1970). London: Methuen.
Clark, G., Timmons, D. P. (Eds.). (2000). J.R.R. Tolkien and His Literary Resonances: Views of Middle-earth. Westport (CT): Greenwood.
Curry, P. (1997). Defending Middle Earth. London: HarperCollins.
Fenwick, M. (1996). Breastplates of Silk: Homeric Women in The Lord of the Rings. Mythlore, 21, pp. 17-23.
Frye, N. (1971). Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays (first edition 1957). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Gilbert, H. (1998). Robin Hood (first published 1912). Here, Hertforeshire: Wordsworth.
Gilliver, P. et al. (2006). The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Greenman, D. (1992). Aeneidic and Odyssean Patterns of Escape and Return in Tolkien’s «The Fall of Gondolin» and The Return of the King. Mythlore, 18, pp. 17-23.
Hainsworth, J. B. (1991). The Idea of Epic. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Honegger, T. (2006). The Passing of the Elves and the Arrival of Modernity: Tolkien’s «Mythical Method». In Honegger, T.,
Weinreich F. (Eds.), Tolkien and Modernity, vol. 2 (pp. 211-232). Zollikofen: Walking Tree Publishers,
Honegger, T. (2008). Preface. In Simonson, M. The Lord of the Rings and the Western Narrative Tradition (pp. 5-6). Zurich/Jena: Walking Tree Publishers.
Isaacs, N., Zimbardo, R. (Eds.). (2004). Understanding The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Jewers, C. (2000). Chivalric Fiction and the History of the Novel. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
Lee, S., Solopova, E. (2006). The Keys of Middle-Earth: Discovering Mediaeval Literature through the Fiction of J.R.R. Tolkien. New York/Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lobdell, J. (2004). The World of the Rings: Language, Religion, and Adventure in Tolkien (revised edition, first edition 1981: England and Always: Tolkien’s World of the Rings). Chicago/La Salle (IL): Open Court.
Manlove, C. (1978). Modern Fantasy: Five Studies (first edition 1975). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Miller, M. Y. (1991). «Of sum mayn meruayle, that he myyt trawe»: The Lord of the Rings and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Studies in Mediaevalism, 3, pp. 345-365.
Morse, R. (1986). The Evocation of Virgil in Tolkien’s Art: Geritol for the Classics. Oak Park: Bolchazy-Carducci.
Obertino, J. (1993). Moria and Hades: Underworld Journeys in Tolkien and Virgil. Comparative Literature Studies, 30, pp. 153-169.
Rateliff, J. (2009). «A Kind of Elvish Craft»: Tolkien as Literary Craftsman. Tolkien Studies, 6, pp. 1-21.
Reynolds, P., Goodknight, G. (Eds.). (1996). J.R.R. Tolkien Centenary Conference 1992. Milton Keynes/Tolkien Society.
Ryan, J. S. (1984). Uncouth Innocence: Some Links between Chretien de Troyes, Wolfram von Eschenbach and J.R.R. Tolkien. Inklings: Jahrbuch für Literatur und Asthetik, 2, pp. 25-41.
Schlobin, R. (2000). The Monsters Are Talismans and Transgressions: Tolkien and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In Clark, G., Timmons, D. P. (Eds.), J.R.R. Tolkien and His Literary Resonances: Views of Middle-earth (pp. 71-81). Westport (CT): Greenwood.
Shippey, T. (2003). The Road to Middle-earth (revised and expanded edition, first edition 1982). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Simonson, M. (2008). The Lord of the Rings and the Western Narrative Tradition. Zurich/Jena: Walking Tree Publishers.
Simonson, M. (forthcoming). Tolkien’s Triple Balance: A redemptive Model of Heroism for the Twentieth Century. In
Klinger, J. (Ed.), Constructions of Authorship in and around the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien. Zurich/Jena: Walking Tree Publishers.
Sly, D. (2000). Weaving Nets of Gloom: «Darkness Profound» in Tolkien and Milton. In Clark, G., Timmons, D. P. (Eds.), J.R.R. Tolkien and His Literary Resonances: Views of Middle-earth (pp. 109-120). Westport (CT): Greenwood.
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1993). The Lord of the Rings (first edition 1954-1955). London: HarperCollins.
Tolkien, J. R. R. (2000). The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien (edited by H. Carpenter with the assistance of C. Tolkien, first edition 1981). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Tolkien, J. R. R. (2008). Tolkien On Fairy Stories (Expanded edition, with Commentary and Notes, edited by Verlyn Flieger and Douglas A. Anderson). Hammersmith: HarperCollins.
Tolley, C. (1992). Tolkien and the Unfinished. In Battarbee, K. (Ed.), (1993). Scholarship and Fantasy: Proceedings of the Tolkien Phenomenon (pp. 151-164). Anglicana Turkuensia, 12. Turku: University of Turku.
Toynbee, Ph. (1961, 6 August). Dissension among the Judges. The Observer.
Traversi, D. (1978). T.S. Eliot: The Longer Poems (first edition 1976). London: The Bodley Head.
Turgon. (2004). The Tolkien Fan’s Mediaeval Reader: Versions in modern prose. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Press.
Walker, S. (2009). The Power of Tolkien’s Prose: Middle-Earth’s magical style. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wilson, E. (1956). «Oo, those Awful Orcs!». In Wilson, E., The Bit Between My Teeth: A Literary Chronicle of 1950-1965 (pp. 326-332). New York: Farrar.
Simonson, M. (2016). Epic and Romance in The Lord Of The Rings. El Futuro Del Pasado, 7, 65–84. https://doi.org/10.14516/fdp.2016.007.001.002
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