Computational Thinking Unplugged
Abstract The idea of computational thinking unplugged refers to a set of activities that are developed to encourage children skills that can be recalled later, to promote computational thinking. These activities are designed to be included in the early stages of cognitive development (early childhood education, the first stage of primary education, games at home with parents and friends, etc.). The skills are designed so that they can be evoked in other stages. In secondary education, in technical training, in professional or even higher education. The activities are usually done without computers and mobile screens, with cards, cards, classroom games or playground games, mechanical toys, etc. In this paper, it is highlighted that there is a series of data, ideas and circumstances that make it possible now, and not before, that unplugged computational thinking is implemented. Finally, we describe activities, initiatives and experiences that are already being developed, and we make proposals for activities and their guides for preschool teachers and caregivers.
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Balanskat, A., & Engelhardt, K. (2015). Computing our future. Computer programming and coding Priorities, school curricula and initiatives across Europe. Brussels, Belgium: European Schoolnet. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/i5aQiv
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Bell, T., Andreae, P., & Robins, A. (2014). A case study of the introduction of computer science in NZ schools. ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE), 14(2), 10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/2602485
Bell, T., & Vahrenhold, J. (2018). CS Unplugged—How Is It Used, and Does It Work? In H. J. Böckenhauer, D. Komm, & U. W. (Eds.), Adventures Between Lower Bounds and Higher Altitudes. Cham: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98355-4_29
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Devlin, K. (2001) The Math Gene: How Mathematical Thinking Evolved and Why Numbers Are like Gossip. NY: Basic Books.
DevTech Research Group of Tufts University (2015). Where the Wild Things Are A KIBO Curriculum Unit on Programming and Robots Integrated with Foundational Literacy Topics. https://bit.ly/2FrC4kN
DevTech Research Group (2016). Literacy Activities with KIBO’s Expression Module, https://bit.ly/2x8zOKq https://bit.ly/2ZICx9T
DevTech Research Group (October 2018). Where the Wild Things Are. https://bit.ly/2L5zvIN https://bit.ly/2FrC4kN
Digital News Asia, (2015) https://bit.ly/2J40a5W
Duncan, C., & Bell, T. (2015). A pilot computer science and programming course for primary school students. In Proceedings of the Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education (pp. 39-48). USA: ACM. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/2818314.2818328
Gallagher, A., Thissen, S. & Hrdina, V. (2018). Little Coders Computational Thinking in K-2 Classrooms - NCCE 2019. https://bit.ly/2N6AcUH
García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2016). A brief introduction to TACCLE 3 – Coding European Project. In F. J. García-Peñalvo & J. A. Mendes (Eds.), 2016 International Symposium on Computers in Education (SIIE 16). USA: IEEE. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIE.2016.7751876
García-Peñalvo, F. J., Llorens Largo, F., Molero Prieto, X., & Vendrell Vidal, E. (2017). Educación en Informática sub 18 (EI<18). ReVisión, 10(2), 13-18.
García-Peñalvo, F. J., & Mendes, J. A. (2018). Exploring the computational thinking effects in pre-university education. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 407-411. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.005
García-Peñalvo, F. J., Reimann, D., & Maday, C. (2018). Introducing Coding and Computational Thinking in the Schools: The TACCLE 3 – Coding Project Experience. In M. S. Khine (Ed.), Computational Thinking in the STEM Disciplines. Foundations and Research Highlights (pp. 213-226). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93566-9_11
García-Peñalvo, F. J., Reimann, D., Tuul, M., Rees, A., & Jormanainen, I. (2016). An overview of the most relevant literature on coding and computational thinking with emphasis on the relevant issues for teachers. Belgium: TACCLE3 Consortium. doi:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.165123
García-Peñalvo, F. J., Rees, A. M., Hughes, J., Jormanainen, I., Toivonen, T., & Vermeersch, J. (2016). A survey of resources for introducing coding into schools. In F. J. García-Peñalvo (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM’16) (Salamanca, Spain, November 2-4, 2016) (pp. 19-26). New York, NY, USA: ACM. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/3012430.3012491
González-González, C. S. (2019). State of the art in the teaching of computational thinking and programming in childhood education. Education in the Knowledge Society, 20, 17. doi:10.14201/eks2019_20_a17
Graham, J. (2018 July). Meet the robots teaching Singapore’s kids tech. The interactive toys reduce time children spend in front of screens. Apolitical. https://bit.ly/2J2gjJ0
IDA Singapore. (2015). IDA supports preschool centres with technology-enabled toys to build creativity and confidence in learning. https://bit.ly/2FnvtrC
IMDA. (2017). PlayMaker Changing the Game. https://bit.ly/2qxDXW1
Infocomm Media Development Authority (2017 November) PlayMaker Changing the Game. IMPACT INFOCOMM MEDIA TRENDS, INSIGHTS AND ANALYSIS. https://bit.ly/2qxDXW1
Infocomm Media Development Authority (2018 October) The game is on for PlayMaker. IMPACT INFOCOMM MEDIA TRENDS, INSIGHTS AND ANALYSIS. https://bit.ly/2Kw2zK0
Ioannou, M., & Bratitsis, T. (2017, July). Teaching the notion of Speed in Kindergarten using the Sphero SPRK robot. In Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), 2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on (pp. 311-312). USA: IEEE. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2017.70
Jovanov, M., Stankov, E., Mihova, M., Ristov, S., & Gusev, M. (2016, April). Computing as a new compulsory subject in the Macedonian primary schools curriculum. In Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 2016 IEEE (pp. 680-685). USA: IEEE. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2016.7474623
KinderLab Robotics (OCTOBER 28, 2015). KIBO resources. Curriculum units. Where the Wild Things Are. https://bit.ly/2L5zvIN
Lillard, A. S. (2011). What Belongs in a Montessori Primary Classroom? Montessori Life, 23(3), 18.
Llorens-Largo, F., García-Peñalvo, F. J., Molero Prieto, X., & Vendrell Vidal, E. (2017). La enseñanza de la informática, la programación y el pensamiento computacional en los estudios preuniversitarios. Education in the Knowledge Society, 18(2), 7-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.14201/eks2017182717
Lockwood, J., & Mooney, A. (2017). Computational Thinking in Education: Where does it Fit? A systematic literary review. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.07659.Pérez-Paredes, P., & Zapata-Ros, M. (2018). El pensamiento computacional, análisis de una competencia clave. Scotts Valley, CA, USA: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. doi:https://doi.org/10.21585/ijcses.v2i1.26
Merrill, M. D. (2002). First principles of instruction. Educational technology research and development, 50(3), 43-59. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02505024
Merrill, M. D. (2007). First principles of instruction: A synthesis. In R. A. Reiser & J. V. Dempsey (Eds.), Trends and issues in instructional design and technology (2nd ed., pp. 62-71). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice-Hall.
Merrill, M. D. (2009). First principles of instruction. In C. M. Reigeluth & A. A. Carr-Chellman (Eds.), Instructional-design theories and models: Building a common knowledge base (Vol. III, pp. 41-56). New York: Routledge.
Montessori, M. (1928). Antropología Pedagógica. Barcelona: Araluce
Montessori, M. (1937). Método de la Pedagogía Científica. Barcelona: Araluce
Montessori, M. (1935). Manual práctico del método. Barcelona: Araluce
Montessori, M. (1967). The Absorbent Mind. 1949. Trans. Claude A. Claremont. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Montessori, M. (1991). The Advanced Montessori Method, Vol. 1. 1917. Trans. Florence Simmonds and Lily Hutchinson. Oxford: Clio.
Montessori, M. (1934). Psychogeometry. Trans. Benedetto Scoppola. Ed. Kay Baker. Laren, The Netherlands: Montessori-Pierson Publishing Company, 2011. Retrans. of Psychogeometry Spanish ed.
Montessori, M. (1989). The Secret of Childhood. Trans. Barbara Barclay Carter. Hyderabad: Orient Longman: 1963. Montessori, Maria. What You Should Know About Your Child. Oxford: Clio.
Nurul, A. (2016). Playmaker Project. The children were introduced to the robots named Bee-Bot and KIBO for this Playmaker Project. https://vimeo.com/179032348
Pérez-Paredes, P. & Zapata-Ros, M. (2018). El pensamiento computacional, análisis de una competencia clave. Scotts Valley, CA, USA: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. https://amzn.to/2KumN6N
Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). What is instructional-design theory and how is it changing? In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory (Vol. II, pp. 5-29). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Reigeluth, C. M. (2016). Teoría instruccional y tecnología para el nuevo paradigma de la educación. RED. Revista de Educación a Distancia. 50. doi:https://doi.org/10.6018/red/50/1a
Robelen, E. W. (2011). STEAM: Experts make case for adding arts to STEM. Education week, 31(13), 8.
Sackett, G. (2013). The Mathematical Mind. https://bit.ly/2ICjYyB
Sackett, G. (2014). “The Lines that Make the Clouds” The Essence of the Mathematical Mind in the First Six Years of Life. NAMTA Journal, 39(2).
Sullivan, A., & Bers, M. U. (2015). Robotics in the early childhood classroom: Learning outcomes from an 8-week robotics curriculum in pre-kindergarten through second grade. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 26(1), 3-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-015-9304-5
Sullivan, A., & Bers, M. U. (2017). Dancing robots: integrating art, music, and robotics in Singapore’s early childhood centers. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 1-22
TACCLE 3 Consortium. (2017). TACCLE 3: Coding Erasmus + Project website. https://goo.gl/f4QZUA
Thompson, D., & Bell, T. (2013, November). Adoption of new computer science high school standards by New Zealand teachers. In Proceedings of the 8th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education (pp. 87-90). USA: ACM. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/2532748.2532759
Velázquez-Iturbide, J. Á. (2018). Report of the Spanish Computing Scientific Society on Computing Education in Pre-University Stages. In F. J. García-Peñalvo (Ed.), Proceedings TEEM’18. Sixth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (Salamanca, Spain, October 24th-26th, 2018) (pp. 2-7). New York, NY, USA: ACM. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/3284179.3284180
Velázquez Iturbide, J. Á., Bahamonde, A., Dabic, S., Escalona, M. J., Feito, F., Fernández Cabaleiro, S., . . . Zapata Ros, M. (2018). Informe del Grupo de Trabajo SCIE/CODDII sobre la enseñanza preuniversitaria de la informática. España: Sociedad Científica Informática de España, Conferencia de Decanos y Directores de Ingeniería Informática. https://goo.gl/dmCPgm
Villalba-Condori, K. O., García-Peñalvo, F. J., Lavonen, J., & Zapata-Ros, M. (2019). What Kinds of Innovations Do We Need in Education? In K. O. Villalba-Condori, F. J. García-Peñalvo, J. Lavonen, & M. Zapata-Ros (Eds.), Proceedings of the II Congreso Internacional de Tendencias e Innovación Educativa – CITIE 2018 (Arequipa, Perú, November 26-30, 2018) (pp. 9-15). Aachen, Germany: CEUR-WS.org.
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Zapata-Ros, M. (2015). Pensamiento computacional: Una nueva alfabetización digital. RED. Revista de Educación a Distancia (46), 1-47. doi:https://doi.org/10.6018/red/46/4
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Bawden, D. (2001). Information and digital literacies: a review of concepts. Journal of Documentation, 57(2), 218–259. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000007083
Bawden, D. (2008). Origins and concepts of digital literacy. Digital literacies: Concepts, policies and practices, 17-32.
Bell, T., Alexander, J., Freeman, I., & Grimley, M. (2009). Computer science unplugged: School students doing real computing without computers. The New Zealand Journal of Applied Computing and Information Technology, 13(1), 20-29.
Bell, T., Andreae, P., & Robins, A. (2014). A case study of the introduction of computer science in NZ schools. ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE), 14(2), 10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/2602485
Bell, T., & Vahrenhold, J. (2018). CS Unplugged—How Is It Used, and Does It Work? In H. J. Böckenhauer, D. Komm, & U. W. (Eds.), Adventures Between Lower Bounds and Higher Altitudes. Cham: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98355-4_29
Chambers, J. (2015). Inside Singapore’s plans for robots in pre-schools. How a bold new scheme is teaching tech skills to 6 year olds. GovInsider. https://bit.ly/2LagRzi
Devlin, K. (2001) The Math Gene: How Mathematical Thinking Evolved and Why Numbers Are like Gossip. NY: Basic Books.
DevTech Research Group of Tufts University (2015). Where the Wild Things Are A KIBO Curriculum Unit on Programming and Robots Integrated with Foundational Literacy Topics. https://bit.ly/2FrC4kN
DevTech Research Group (2016). Literacy Activities with KIBO’s Expression Module, https://bit.ly/2x8zOKq https://bit.ly/2ZICx9T
DevTech Research Group (October 2018). Where the Wild Things Are. https://bit.ly/2L5zvIN https://bit.ly/2FrC4kN
Digital News Asia, (2015) https://bit.ly/2J40a5W
Duncan, C., & Bell, T. (2015). A pilot computer science and programming course for primary school students. In Proceedings of the Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education (pp. 39-48). USA: ACM. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/2818314.2818328
Gallagher, A., Thissen, S. & Hrdina, V. (2018). Little Coders Computational Thinking in K-2 Classrooms - NCCE 2019. https://bit.ly/2N6AcUH
García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2016). A brief introduction to TACCLE 3 – Coding European Project. In F. J. García-Peñalvo & J. A. Mendes (Eds.), 2016 International Symposium on Computers in Education (SIIE 16). USA: IEEE. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIE.2016.7751876
García-Peñalvo, F. J., Llorens Largo, F., Molero Prieto, X., & Vendrell Vidal, E. (2017). Educación en Informática sub 18 (EI<18). ReVisión, 10(2), 13-18.
García-Peñalvo, F. J., & Mendes, J. A. (2018). Exploring the computational thinking effects in pre-university education. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 407-411. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.005
García-Peñalvo, F. J., Reimann, D., & Maday, C. (2018). Introducing Coding and Computational Thinking in the Schools: The TACCLE 3 – Coding Project Experience. In M. S. Khine (Ed.), Computational Thinking in the STEM Disciplines. Foundations and Research Highlights (pp. 213-226). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93566-9_11
García-Peñalvo, F. J., Reimann, D., Tuul, M., Rees, A., & Jormanainen, I. (2016). An overview of the most relevant literature on coding and computational thinking with emphasis on the relevant issues for teachers. Belgium: TACCLE3 Consortium. doi:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.165123
García-Peñalvo, F. J., Rees, A. M., Hughes, J., Jormanainen, I., Toivonen, T., & Vermeersch, J. (2016). A survey of resources for introducing coding into schools. In F. J. García-Peñalvo (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM’16) (Salamanca, Spain, November 2-4, 2016) (pp. 19-26). New York, NY, USA: ACM. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/3012430.3012491
González-González, C. S. (2019). State of the art in the teaching of computational thinking and programming in childhood education. Education in the Knowledge Society, 20, 17. doi:10.14201/eks2019_20_a17
Graham, J. (2018 July). Meet the robots teaching Singapore’s kids tech. The interactive toys reduce time children spend in front of screens. Apolitical. https://bit.ly/2J2gjJ0
IDA Singapore. (2015). IDA supports preschool centres with technology-enabled toys to build creativity and confidence in learning. https://bit.ly/2FnvtrC
IMDA. (2017). PlayMaker Changing the Game. https://bit.ly/2qxDXW1
Infocomm Media Development Authority (2017 November) PlayMaker Changing the Game. IMPACT INFOCOMM MEDIA TRENDS, INSIGHTS AND ANALYSIS. https://bit.ly/2qxDXW1
Infocomm Media Development Authority (2018 October) The game is on for PlayMaker. IMPACT INFOCOMM MEDIA TRENDS, INSIGHTS AND ANALYSIS. https://bit.ly/2Kw2zK0
Ioannou, M., & Bratitsis, T. (2017, July). Teaching the notion of Speed in Kindergarten using the Sphero SPRK robot. In Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), 2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on (pp. 311-312). USA: IEEE. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2017.70
Jovanov, M., Stankov, E., Mihova, M., Ristov, S., & Gusev, M. (2016, April). Computing as a new compulsory subject in the Macedonian primary schools curriculum. In Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 2016 IEEE (pp. 680-685). USA: IEEE. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2016.7474623
KinderLab Robotics (OCTOBER 28, 2015). KIBO resources. Curriculum units. Where the Wild Things Are. https://bit.ly/2L5zvIN
Lillard, A. S. (2011). What Belongs in a Montessori Primary Classroom? Montessori Life, 23(3), 18.
Llorens-Largo, F., García-Peñalvo, F. J., Molero Prieto, X., & Vendrell Vidal, E. (2017). La enseñanza de la informática, la programación y el pensamiento computacional en los estudios preuniversitarios. Education in the Knowledge Society, 18(2), 7-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.14201/eks2017182717
Lockwood, J., & Mooney, A. (2017). Computational Thinking in Education: Where does it Fit? A systematic literary review. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.07659.Pérez-Paredes, P., & Zapata-Ros, M. (2018). El pensamiento computacional, análisis de una competencia clave. Scotts Valley, CA, USA: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. doi:https://doi.org/10.21585/ijcses.v2i1.26
Merrill, M. D. (2002). First principles of instruction. Educational technology research and development, 50(3), 43-59. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02505024
Merrill, M. D. (2007). First principles of instruction: A synthesis. In R. A. Reiser & J. V. Dempsey (Eds.), Trends and issues in instructional design and technology (2nd ed., pp. 62-71). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice-Hall.
Merrill, M. D. (2009). First principles of instruction. In C. M. Reigeluth & A. A. Carr-Chellman (Eds.), Instructional-design theories and models: Building a common knowledge base (Vol. III, pp. 41-56). New York: Routledge.
Montessori, M. (1928). Antropología Pedagógica. Barcelona: Araluce
Montessori, M. (1937). Método de la Pedagogía Científica. Barcelona: Araluce
Montessori, M. (1935). Manual práctico del método. Barcelona: Araluce
Montessori, M. (1967). The Absorbent Mind. 1949. Trans. Claude A. Claremont. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Montessori, M. (1991). The Advanced Montessori Method, Vol. 1. 1917. Trans. Florence Simmonds and Lily Hutchinson. Oxford: Clio.
Montessori, M. (1934). Psychogeometry. Trans. Benedetto Scoppola. Ed. Kay Baker. Laren, The Netherlands: Montessori-Pierson Publishing Company, 2011. Retrans. of Psychogeometry Spanish ed.
Montessori, M. (1989). The Secret of Childhood. Trans. Barbara Barclay Carter. Hyderabad: Orient Longman: 1963. Montessori, Maria. What You Should Know About Your Child. Oxford: Clio.
Nurul, A. (2016). Playmaker Project. The children were introduced to the robots named Bee-Bot and KIBO for this Playmaker Project. https://vimeo.com/179032348
Pérez-Paredes, P. & Zapata-Ros, M. (2018). El pensamiento computacional, análisis de una competencia clave. Scotts Valley, CA, USA: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. https://amzn.to/2KumN6N
Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). What is instructional-design theory and how is it changing? In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory (Vol. II, pp. 5-29). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Reigeluth, C. M. (2016). Teoría instruccional y tecnología para el nuevo paradigma de la educación. RED. Revista de Educación a Distancia. 50. doi:https://doi.org/10.6018/red/50/1a
Robelen, E. W. (2011). STEAM: Experts make case for adding arts to STEM. Education week, 31(13), 8.
Sackett, G. (2013). The Mathematical Mind. https://bit.ly/2ICjYyB
Sackett, G. (2014). “The Lines that Make the Clouds” The Essence of the Mathematical Mind in the First Six Years of Life. NAMTA Journal, 39(2).
Sullivan, A., & Bers, M. U. (2015). Robotics in the early childhood classroom: Learning outcomes from an 8-week robotics curriculum in pre-kindergarten through second grade. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 26(1), 3-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-015-9304-5
Sullivan, A., & Bers, M. U. (2017). Dancing robots: integrating art, music, and robotics in Singapore’s early childhood centers. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 1-22
TACCLE 3 Consortium. (2017). TACCLE 3: Coding Erasmus + Project website. https://goo.gl/f4QZUA
Thompson, D., & Bell, T. (2013, November). Adoption of new computer science high school standards by New Zealand teachers. In Proceedings of the 8th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education (pp. 87-90). USA: ACM. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/2532748.2532759
Velázquez-Iturbide, J. Á. (2018). Report of the Spanish Computing Scientific Society on Computing Education in Pre-University Stages. In F. J. García-Peñalvo (Ed.), Proceedings TEEM’18. Sixth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (Salamanca, Spain, October 24th-26th, 2018) (pp. 2-7). New York, NY, USA: ACM. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/3284179.3284180
Velázquez Iturbide, J. Á., Bahamonde, A., Dabic, S., Escalona, M. J., Feito, F., Fernández Cabaleiro, S., . . . Zapata Ros, M. (2018). Informe del Grupo de Trabajo SCIE/CODDII sobre la enseñanza preuniversitaria de la informática. España: Sociedad Científica Informática de España, Conferencia de Decanos y Directores de Ingeniería Informática. https://goo.gl/dmCPgm
Villalba-Condori, K. O., García-Peñalvo, F. J., Lavonen, J., & Zapata-Ros, M. (2019). What Kinds of Innovations Do We Need in Education? In K. O. Villalba-Condori, F. J. García-Peñalvo, J. Lavonen, & M. Zapata-Ros (Eds.), Proceedings of the II Congreso Internacional de Tendencias e Innovación Educativa – CITIE 2018 (Arequipa, Perú, November 26-30, 2018) (pp. 9-15). Aachen, Germany: CEUR-WS.org.
Zapata-Ros, M. (2014). Coding y pre-coding. Blog Microposts, Tumblr https://bit.ly/31Lwt2a
Zapata-Ros, M. (Noviembre 2014). ¿Por qué “pensamiento computacional”? (I) Blog Pensamiento computacional y alfabetización digital / Computational thinking and computer literacy. https://bit.ly/2x5ENf8.
Zapata-Ros, M. (Diciembre 2014). Pensamiento computacional y alfabetización digital (I). Blog RED, Hypotheses. https://bit.ly/2Ruv0bZ
Zapata-Ros, M. (2015). Pensamiento computacional: Una nueva alfabetización digital. RED. Revista de Educación a Distancia (46), 1-47. doi:https://doi.org/10.6018/red/46/4
Zapata-Ros, M. (2018a). El pensamiento computacional en la transición entre culturas epistemológicas. Blog RED El aprendizaje en la Sociedad del Conocimiento. https://bit.ly/31NNc50
Zapata-Ros, M. (2018b). Pensamiento computacional. Una tercera competencia clave. (I) Blog RED El aprendizaje en la Sociedad del Conocimiento. https://bit.ly/2L85S9x
Zapata-Ros, M. (2019). Computational Thinking Unplugged. Education in The Knowledge Society, 20, 29. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks2019_20_a18
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N/A
32%
Competing interests
N/A
11%
Metric
This journal
Other journals
Articles accepted
21%
33%
Days to publication
0
145
Indexed in
-
—
- Editor & editorial board
- profiles
- Academic society
- N/A
- Publisher
- Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca
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