Creation, Visualization and 3D Printing of Online Collections of Three Timensional Educative Models with Low-Cost Technologies. Practical Case of Canarian Marine Fossil Heritage
Abstract In many educational settings, the use of tangible objects is used to enhance learning (models, replicas of art works, fossils...). When knowledge is disseminated through virtual environments, sometimes, the value of these tangible objects is lost. The new low-cost technologies allow solving this problem, enabling teachers to include in their virtual classroom the access and manipulation of threedimensional objects. This article describes the process of creation and dissemination of a three-dimensional, interactive educational content for learning in a virtual environment. As a practical study, we have worked on the Canary marine fossil heritage. The fossils are used as tangible material in paleontology teaching, however they are not available for work outside the classroom. For this work, it has been digitized in 3D a selection of 18 fossils. 3D files obtained are available to students in an online environment, allowing download, multi-touch display and interaction on mobile devices. In addition, if the student prefers, they can print them using a 3D printer. Finally, there has been an experience with 70 university students who, after accessing to the online files, responded to a questionnaire to assess the made materials.
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Andrade Lotero , L., Espitia Gómez, C., Huertas Franco, E., Aldana Ahumada, D., & Bacca Pachón, P. (2012). Tocar o Mirar: Comparación de Procesos Cognitivos en el Aprendizaje con o sin Manipulación Física. Psicología Educativa, 29-40
Andrade Lotero, L., Cobo Charry, M., Díaz Díaz, L., Flórez Pineda, A., Garavito Muñoz, C., González Doblado, D., . . . Villarraga Acero, G. (2011). Manipulables físicos para la formación de conceptos artificiales en niños de 6 a 8 años de edad. Itinerario Educativo, 157-183.
Arribas, A. B. (2004). Nuevos registros paleontológicos de grandes mamíferos en la Cuenca de Guadix-Baza (Granada), aportaciones del proyecto Fonelas al conocimiento sobre las Faunas continentalesd el Plioceno-Pleistoceno europeo. Boletín Geológico y Minero, 567-582.
Baeza, E., Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C., & Rábano, I. (2013). Obtención de grandes réplicas de elementos singulares del patrimonio geológico del Parque Nacional de Cabañeros (Castilla-La Mancha). Patrimonio geológico, un recurso para el desarrollo. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 15, 573-582.
Bamford, A. (2011). The 3D in education white paper.
Bates, K. T., Falkingham, P. L., Hodgetts, D., Farlow, J. O., Breithaupt, B. H., O'Brien, M., , Neffra Matthews, N; Sellers, W.I & Manning, P. L. (2009). Digital imaging and public engagement in palaeontology. Geology Today, 25(4), 134-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.2009.00714.x
Benton, J. (2014). The" magic" al growth of an online gigapan repository for geoscience education. In 2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Buscalioni, Á. D. (2007). Rutas por museos y colecciones de paleontología: Navarra, Cataluña y Comunidad Valenciana (Vol. 4). IGME.
Canessa, E., Fonda, C., & Zennaro, M. (2013). Low-cost 3D Printing for Science, Education & Sustainable Development. Trieste, Italy: ICTP.
Cayla, N. (2014). An Overview of New Technologies Applied to the Management of Geoheritage. Geoheritage, 6(2), 91-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12371-014-0113-0
Coates, C., Hager, P., Johnson, W., & Stevens, N. (2009, April). Employing rapid prototyping in a first-year engineering graphics course. In Proceedings of 2009 ASEE southeast section conference. Marietta, USA.
Converse Jr, H. H. (1984). Handbook of paleo-preparation techniques.
Cruzado-Caballero, P., Fortuny, J., LLácer, S., & Canudo, J. I. (2015). Paleoneuroanatomy of the European lambeosaurine dinosaur Arenysaurus ardevoli. PeerJ, 3, e802. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.802
Dalgarno, B., & Lee, M. (2010). What are the learning affordances of 3-D virtual environments? British Journal of Educational Tecnology, 41, 10-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01038.x
Dardon, U., de Souza, R. S., Abranches, C. T. S., & Bergqvist, L. P. (2010). Modelagem 3D e suas aplicações na pesquisa paleontológica. Gaea-Journal of Geoscience, 6(2), 76-89. http://dx.doi. org/10.4013/gaea.2010.62.04
de la Torre Cantero, J., Martín-Dorta, N., Saorín, J. L., Carbonell, C., & Contero, M. (2013). Entorno de aprendizaje ubicuo con realidad aumentada y tabletas para estimular la comprensión del espacio tridimensional. RED. Revista de Educación a Distancia(37).
de la Torre Cantero, J., Saorín, J., Martín, N., & Contero, M. (2012). Digital Tangible Interfaces as an alternative to Physical Models for use in a Virtual Learning Environment in Engineering. Proceeding of International Conference on Engineering Education 2012. Turku, Finland.
Eldredge, N., & Gould, S. J. (1991). Fossils: the evolution and extinction of species (pp. 4-30). Aurum Press.
Falkingham, P. L. (2012). Acquisition of high resolution three-dimensional models using free, open-source, photogrammetric software. Palaeontologia Electronica, 15(1), 15
Friess, M. (2012). Scratching the Surface? The use of surface scanning in physical and paleoanthropology . Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 1-26.
Gómez-Alba, J. (1988). Guía de Campo de los Fósiles de España y de Europa. Omega.
Gonizzi Barsanti, S., Remondino, F., & Visintini . (2012). Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning for Archaeological Site 3D Modeling - Some Critical Issues. Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on The New Technologies for Aquileia.
Gonzleáz-Delgado, J., Martínez-Graña, A., Civis, J., Sierro, F., Goy, J., Dabrio, C., . . . Abad, M. (2015). Virtual 3D tour of the Neogene palaeontological heritage of Huelva (Guadalquivir Basin, Spain). Environ Earth Sci, 73, 4609–4618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3747-y
Gorbea, M. J. (1988). La utilidad de sustitutos y repreduciones en los Museos. . Boletín de la Anabad, 177-186.
Leakey, L., & Dzambazova, T. (2013). Prehistoric Collections and 3D Printing for Education. In: Low-cost 3d printing for Science, Education and Sustainable Development,
Lerma, J., Cabrelles, M., & Seguí, A. (2011). Aplicación de la fotogrametría terrestre al levantamiento de alzados de edificios singulares. Revista ph-Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, 127-129.
Lukeneder, A. (2012). Computed 3D visualisation of an extinct cephalopod using computer tomographs. Computers & geosciences, 45, 68-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.04.003
Lukeneder, S & Lukeneder, A. (2011). Methods in 3D Modelling of Triassic Ammonites from Turkey (Taurus, FWF P22109-B17). Proceedings IAMG 2011 Salzburg (2011), pp. 496–505. https://doi.org/10.5242/iamg.2011.0225
Mallison, H. (2011). Digitizing methods for paleontology: applications, benefits and limitations. In Computational paleontology (pp. 7-43). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-642-16271-8_2
Meléndez, M. N. (1983). El Cretácico de la región de Cañete-Rincón de Ademuz (provincias de Cuenca y Valencia). Departamento de Estratigrafía y Geología Histórica, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense.
Pomaska, G. (2013). Monitoring the deterioration of stone at Mindener Museum's Lapidarium. XXIV International CIPA Symposium SR3 (págs. XL-5/W2. ). http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl- 5-w2-495-2013
Piaget, J. (1991). Seis estudios de psicología. Barcelona: Labor S.A.
Prieur, A. (2004). Le moulage, une technique au service de la protection du patrimoine. Workshop de l’UNESCO à Dhaka, (págs. 19-27). Bangladesh.
Rahman, I., Adcock , K., & Garwood, R. (2012). Virtual Fossils: a New Resource for Science Communication. Evo Edu Outreach, 635–641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12052-012-0458-2
Reynolds, D. (2010). School effectiveness. A&C Black.
Roubach, S., Gomez de Soler, B., Campeny, G.V. and Morales, J.I., (2014). Preparation of a turtle fossil from the Pliocene site of Camp dels Ninots (Caldes de Malavella, Girona, Spain). Journal of Paleontological Techniques, 13: 38-49.
Royo Torres, R., Mampel, L., & Alcalá, L. (2013). Icnitas de dinosaurios del yacimiento San Cristóbal 3 de la Formación Camarillas en Galve (Teruel, España). Geogaceta, 5-8.
Saorín Pérez, J., Meier, C., De la Torre-Cantero, J., Melián Díaz, D., & Drago-Díaz Alemán, M. (2015). Creación de réplicas de patrimonio escultórico mediante reconstrucción 3D e impresoras 3D de bajo coste para uso en entornos educativos. Arte, Individuo y Sociedad, 427-444.
Schmidt, R., & Ratto, M. (2013). Design Tools for the Rest of Us: Maker Hardware Requires Maker Software. Conference Proceedings: FAB at CHI Workshop.
Sutton, M., Rahman, I., & Garwood, R. (2013). Techniques for virtual palaeontology. John Wiley & Sons. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118591192
Teshima, Y., Matsuoka, A., Fujiyoshi, M., Ikegami, Y., Kaneko, T., Oouchi, S., & Yamazawa, K. (2010). Enlarged skeleton models of plankton for tactile teaching. In Computers Helping People with Special Needs (pp. 523-526). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14100-3_78
Troxler, P., & Wolf, P. (2010). Bending the Rules. The Fab Lab Innovation Ecology. 11 International CINet Conference. Zurich: Switzerland.
Uttal, D. H. (2003). On the relation between play and symbolic thought: The case of mathematics manipulatives. En D. H. Uttal, Contemporary perspectives in early childhood (págs. 97-114). USA: Information Age Publishing.
Warburton, S. (2009). Second Life in higher education: Assessing the potential for and the barriers to deploying virtual worlds in learning and teaching. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40, 414-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00952.x
Winkelbach, S., Molkenstruck, S. & Wahl, F. M. (2006): Low-Cost Laser Range Scanner and Fast Surface Registration Approach. - Proceedings of the DAGM, ser. LNCS, 4174: 718-728. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/11861898_72
Yi-Chen, C., Hung-Lin, C., & Wei-Han, H. &.-C. (2011). Use of Tangible and Augmented Reality Models in Engineering Graphics Courses. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education & Practice, 137(4), 267-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000078
Zapata-Ros, M. (2012). Calidad y entornos ubicuos de aprendizaje. RED, Revista de Educación a Distancia, 31.
Andrade Lotero, L., Cobo Charry, M., Díaz Díaz, L., Flórez Pineda, A., Garavito Muñoz, C., González Doblado, D., . . . Villarraga Acero, G. (2011). Manipulables físicos para la formación de conceptos artificiales en niños de 6 a 8 años de edad. Itinerario Educativo, 157-183.
Arribas, A. B. (2004). Nuevos registros paleontológicos de grandes mamíferos en la Cuenca de Guadix-Baza (Granada), aportaciones del proyecto Fonelas al conocimiento sobre las Faunas continentalesd el Plioceno-Pleistoceno europeo. Boletín Geológico y Minero, 567-582.
Baeza, E., Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C., & Rábano, I. (2013). Obtención de grandes réplicas de elementos singulares del patrimonio geológico del Parque Nacional de Cabañeros (Castilla-La Mancha). Patrimonio geológico, un recurso para el desarrollo. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 15, 573-582.
Bamford, A. (2011). The 3D in education white paper.
Bates, K. T., Falkingham, P. L., Hodgetts, D., Farlow, J. O., Breithaupt, B. H., O'Brien, M., , Neffra Matthews, N; Sellers, W.I & Manning, P. L. (2009). Digital imaging and public engagement in palaeontology. Geology Today, 25(4), 134-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.2009.00714.x
Benton, J. (2014). The" magic" al growth of an online gigapan repository for geoscience education. In 2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Buscalioni, Á. D. (2007). Rutas por museos y colecciones de paleontología: Navarra, Cataluña y Comunidad Valenciana (Vol. 4). IGME.
Canessa, E., Fonda, C., & Zennaro, M. (2013). Low-cost 3D Printing for Science, Education & Sustainable Development. Trieste, Italy: ICTP.
Cayla, N. (2014). An Overview of New Technologies Applied to the Management of Geoheritage. Geoheritage, 6(2), 91-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12371-014-0113-0
Coates, C., Hager, P., Johnson, W., & Stevens, N. (2009, April). Employing rapid prototyping in a first-year engineering graphics course. In Proceedings of 2009 ASEE southeast section conference. Marietta, USA.
Converse Jr, H. H. (1984). Handbook of paleo-preparation techniques.
Cruzado-Caballero, P., Fortuny, J., LLácer, S., & Canudo, J. I. (2015). Paleoneuroanatomy of the European lambeosaurine dinosaur Arenysaurus ardevoli. PeerJ, 3, e802. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.802
Dalgarno, B., & Lee, M. (2010). What are the learning affordances of 3-D virtual environments? British Journal of Educational Tecnology, 41, 10-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01038.x
Dardon, U., de Souza, R. S., Abranches, C. T. S., & Bergqvist, L. P. (2010). Modelagem 3D e suas aplicações na pesquisa paleontológica. Gaea-Journal of Geoscience, 6(2), 76-89. http://dx.doi. org/10.4013/gaea.2010.62.04
de la Torre Cantero, J., Martín-Dorta, N., Saorín, J. L., Carbonell, C., & Contero, M. (2013). Entorno de aprendizaje ubicuo con realidad aumentada y tabletas para estimular la comprensión del espacio tridimensional. RED. Revista de Educación a Distancia(37).
de la Torre Cantero, J., Saorín, J., Martín, N., & Contero, M. (2012). Digital Tangible Interfaces as an alternative to Physical Models for use in a Virtual Learning Environment in Engineering. Proceeding of International Conference on Engineering Education 2012. Turku, Finland.
Eldredge, N., & Gould, S. J. (1991). Fossils: the evolution and extinction of species (pp. 4-30). Aurum Press.
Falkingham, P. L. (2012). Acquisition of high resolution three-dimensional models using free, open-source, photogrammetric software. Palaeontologia Electronica, 15(1), 15
Friess, M. (2012). Scratching the Surface? The use of surface scanning in physical and paleoanthropology . Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 1-26.
Gómez-Alba, J. (1988). Guía de Campo de los Fósiles de España y de Europa. Omega.
Gonizzi Barsanti, S., Remondino, F., & Visintini . (2012). Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning for Archaeological Site 3D Modeling - Some Critical Issues. Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on The New Technologies for Aquileia.
Gonzleáz-Delgado, J., Martínez-Graña, A., Civis, J., Sierro, F., Goy, J., Dabrio, C., . . . Abad, M. (2015). Virtual 3D tour of the Neogene palaeontological heritage of Huelva (Guadalquivir Basin, Spain). Environ Earth Sci, 73, 4609–4618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3747-y
Gorbea, M. J. (1988). La utilidad de sustitutos y repreduciones en los Museos. . Boletín de la Anabad, 177-186.
Leakey, L., & Dzambazova, T. (2013). Prehistoric Collections and 3D Printing for Education. In: Low-cost 3d printing for Science, Education and Sustainable Development,
Lerma, J., Cabrelles, M., & Seguí, A. (2011). Aplicación de la fotogrametría terrestre al levantamiento de alzados de edificios singulares. Revista ph-Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, 127-129.
Lukeneder, A. (2012). Computed 3D visualisation of an extinct cephalopod using computer tomographs. Computers & geosciences, 45, 68-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.04.003
Lukeneder, S & Lukeneder, A. (2011). Methods in 3D Modelling of Triassic Ammonites from Turkey (Taurus, FWF P22109-B17). Proceedings IAMG 2011 Salzburg (2011), pp. 496–505. https://doi.org/10.5242/iamg.2011.0225
Mallison, H. (2011). Digitizing methods for paleontology: applications, benefits and limitations. In Computational paleontology (pp. 7-43). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-642-16271-8_2
Meléndez, M. N. (1983). El Cretácico de la región de Cañete-Rincón de Ademuz (provincias de Cuenca y Valencia). Departamento de Estratigrafía y Geología Histórica, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense.
Pomaska, G. (2013). Monitoring the deterioration of stone at Mindener Museum's Lapidarium. XXIV International CIPA Symposium SR3 (págs. XL-5/W2. ). http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl- 5-w2-495-2013
Piaget, J. (1991). Seis estudios de psicología. Barcelona: Labor S.A.
Prieur, A. (2004). Le moulage, une technique au service de la protection du patrimoine. Workshop de l’UNESCO à Dhaka, (págs. 19-27). Bangladesh.
Rahman, I., Adcock , K., & Garwood, R. (2012). Virtual Fossils: a New Resource for Science Communication. Evo Edu Outreach, 635–641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12052-012-0458-2
Reynolds, D. (2010). School effectiveness. A&C Black.
Roubach, S., Gomez de Soler, B., Campeny, G.V. and Morales, J.I., (2014). Preparation of a turtle fossil from the Pliocene site of Camp dels Ninots (Caldes de Malavella, Girona, Spain). Journal of Paleontological Techniques, 13: 38-49.
Royo Torres, R., Mampel, L., & Alcalá, L. (2013). Icnitas de dinosaurios del yacimiento San Cristóbal 3 de la Formación Camarillas en Galve (Teruel, España). Geogaceta, 5-8.
Saorín Pérez, J., Meier, C., De la Torre-Cantero, J., Melián Díaz, D., & Drago-Díaz Alemán, M. (2015). Creación de réplicas de patrimonio escultórico mediante reconstrucción 3D e impresoras 3D de bajo coste para uso en entornos educativos. Arte, Individuo y Sociedad, 427-444.
Schmidt, R., & Ratto, M. (2013). Design Tools for the Rest of Us: Maker Hardware Requires Maker Software. Conference Proceedings: FAB at CHI Workshop.
Sutton, M., Rahman, I., & Garwood, R. (2013). Techniques for virtual palaeontology. John Wiley & Sons. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118591192
Teshima, Y., Matsuoka, A., Fujiyoshi, M., Ikegami, Y., Kaneko, T., Oouchi, S., & Yamazawa, K. (2010). Enlarged skeleton models of plankton for tactile teaching. In Computers Helping People with Special Needs (pp. 523-526). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14100-3_78
Troxler, P., & Wolf, P. (2010). Bending the Rules. The Fab Lab Innovation Ecology. 11 International CINet Conference. Zurich: Switzerland.
Uttal, D. H. (2003). On the relation between play and symbolic thought: The case of mathematics manipulatives. En D. H. Uttal, Contemporary perspectives in early childhood (págs. 97-114). USA: Information Age Publishing.
Warburton, S. (2009). Second Life in higher education: Assessing the potential for and the barriers to deploying virtual worlds in learning and teaching. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40, 414-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00952.x
Winkelbach, S., Molkenstruck, S. & Wahl, F. M. (2006): Low-Cost Laser Range Scanner and Fast Surface Registration Approach. - Proceedings of the DAGM, ser. LNCS, 4174: 718-728. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/11861898_72
Yi-Chen, C., Hung-Lin, C., & Wei-Han, H. &.-C. (2011). Use of Tangible and Augmented Reality Models in Engineering Graphics Courses. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education & Practice, 137(4), 267-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000078
Zapata-Ros, M. (2012). Calidad y entornos ubicuos de aprendizaje. RED, Revista de Educación a Distancia, 31.
Saorin Pérez, J. L., Meier, C., Ruiz Castillo, C., De La Torre-Cantero, J., Melián Díaz, D., & Bonnet De León, A. (2016). Creation, Visualization and 3D Printing of Online Collections of Three Timensional Educative Models with Low-Cost Technologies. Practical Case of Canarian Marine Fossil Heritage. Education in The Knowledge Society, 17(3), 89–108. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks201617389108
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