Developing competencies for sustainability-driven entrepreneurship in higher education: a literature review of teaching and learning methods
Abstract The transformation of current economic systems towards sustainable development requires innovative sustainability-driven enterprises with competent owners, managers and staff members. These people should see sustainable development as of primary value and as an opportunity for strategic renewal of their enterprise as well as being important to society in general. Higher education for sustainability-driven entrepreneurship aims at developing the individual competencies which are required in this context. For creating learning settings in which these competencies can be developed, particular teaching-learning approaches and methods are needed. To date, there is no comprehensive literature review dealing with teaching-learning approaches and methods of higher education for sustainability-driven entrepreneurship. Against this backdrop, a systematic literature review has been carried out to examine the state of the art concerning teaching-learning approaches and methods for sustainability-driven entrepreneurship in higher education. The results form a basis for further structuring the debate on approaches and methods of teaching and learning related to higher education for sustainability-driven entrepreneurship and for identifying future research needs in this area.
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Barth, M. (2015) Implementing sustainability in higher education: learning in an age of transformation. London, Routledge.
Barth, M.; Adomßent, M.; Fischer, D.; Richter, S. and Rieckmann, M. (2014) Learning to change universities from within: a service-learning perspective on promoting sustainable consumption in higher education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 62, 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.04.006
Barth, M.; Godemann, J.; Rieckmann, M. and Stoltenberg, U. (2007) Developing key competencies for sustainable development in higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 8 (4), 416-430. https://doi.org/10.1108/14676370710823582
Barth, M. and Rieckmann, M. (2016) State of the art in research on higher education for sustainable development, in Barth, M.; Michelsen, G.; Rieckmann, M. and Thomas, I. (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Higher Education for Sustainable Development. London, New York, Routledge, 100-113.
Barth, M. and Thomas, I. (2012) Synthesising case study research. Ready for the Next Step? Environmental Education Research, 18 (6), 751-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.665849
Bernhardt, J.; Elsen, S.; Lintner, C.; Biberhofer, P.; Rammel, C.; Schmelz, D.; Ambros, M.; Rieckmann, M.; Bockwoldt, L.; Cincera, J.; Orsáková, P.; ?erný, M.; Boman, J. (2015) case Needs Analysis. Summary. Findings on Competencies for Sustainability-driven Entrepreneurship. Vienna, wu Wien. Consulted 27 December, 2016. http://www.case-ka.eu/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/case-Needs-Analysis.-Summary.-Findings-on-Competencies-for-Sustainability-driven-Entrepreneurship.-Based-on-interviews-with-partners-from-sustainability-driven-enterprises-and-universities.pdf.
Bliemel, M. J. (2013) Getting Entrepreneurship Education Out of the Classroom and into Students' Heads. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 4 (2), 237-260. https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2013-0053
Bloom, B. S. (1956) Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (Vol. 1: Cognitive domain). New York, David McKay.
Brundiers, K.; Wiek, A. and Redman, C. L. (2010) Real-world learning opportunities in sustainability: from class room into the real world. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 11 (4), 308-324. https://doi.org/10.1108/14676371011077540
Chang, J.; Benamraoui, A. and Rieple, A. (2014) Learning-by-doing as an approach to teaching social entrepreneurship. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 51 (5), 459-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2013.785251
Christie, B. A.; Miller, K. K.; Cooke, R. and White, J. G. (2013) Environmental sustainability in higher education: how do academics teach? Environmental Education Research, 19 (3), 385-414. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.698598
Corcoran, P. B.; Walker, K. E. and Wals, A. E. J. (2004) Case Studies, Make-your-case Studies, and Case Stories. A Critique of Case-study Methodology in Sustainability in Higher Education. Environmental Education Research, 10 (1), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350462032000173670
De Haan, G. (2006) The blk «21» programme in Germany: a «Gestaltungskompetenz» based model for Education for Sustainable Development. Environmental Education Research, 12 (1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620500526362
Dhliwayo, S. (2008) Experiential learning in entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 50 (4), 329-340. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910810880560
Fadeeva, Z. and Mochizuki, Y. (2010) Higher education for today and tomorrow: university appraisal for diversity, innovation and change towards sustainable development. Sustainability Science, 5 (2), 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-010-0106-0
Fayolle, A. and Gailly, B. (2008) From craft to science: Teaching models and learning processes in entrepreneurship education. Journal of European Industrial Training, 32 (7), 569-593. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590810899838
Fink, A. (2014) Conducting research literature reviews: from the internet to paper (Fourth edition). Thousand Oaks, California, sage.
Foster, P. and Hammersley, M. (1998) A Review of Reviews: structure and function in reviews of educational research. British Educational Research Journal, 24 (5), 609-628. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141192980240508
García-Olivares, A. and Solé, J. (2015) End of growth and the structural instability of capitalism – From capitalism to a Symbiotic Economy. Futures, 68, 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2014.09.004
Gardiner, S. and Rieckmann, M. (2015) Pedagogies of Preparedness: Use of Reflective Journals in the Operationalisation and Development of Anticipatory Competence. Sustainability, 7 (8), 10554-10575. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70810554
Gibb, A. A. (1993) Enterprise culture and education understanding enterprise education and its links with small business, entrepreneurship and wider educational goals. International Small Business Journal, 11 (3), 11-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/026624269301100301
Gibb, A. A. (2002) In pursuit of a new «enterprise» and «entrepreneurship» paradigm for learning: creative destruction, new values, new ways of doing things and new combinations of knowledge. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4 (3), 233-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00086
Hart, C. (1998) Doing a literature review. Releasing the social science research imagination, London. Sage.
Jensen, B. B. and Schnack, K. (2006) The action competence approach in environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 12 (3-4), 471-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620600943053
Karatzoglou, B. (2013) An in-depth literature review of the evolving roles and contributions of universities to Education for Sustainable Development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 49, 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.07.043
Kouwenhoven, W. (2009) Competence-based Curriculum Development in Higher Education: A Globalised Concept? Consulted 27 December, 2016. http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/9410/InTech-competence_based_curriculum_development_in_higher_education_a_globalised_concept_.pdf.
Kyburz-Graber, R. (2016) Case study research on higher education for sustainable development. Epistemological foundation and quality challenges, in Barth, M.; Michelsen, G.; Rieckmann, M. and Thomas, I. (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Higher Education for Sustainable Development. London, New York, Routledge, 126-141.
Kyrö, P. (2015) Handbook of Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development Research. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808248
Lans, T.; Blok, V. and Wesselink, R. (2014) Learning apart and together: towards an integrated competence framework for sustainable entrepreneurship in higher education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 62, 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.03.036
Lans, T.; Hulsink, W.; Baert, H. and Mulder, M. (2008) Entrepreneurship education and training in a small business context: insights from the competence-based approach. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 16, 363-383. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495808000193
Lehmann, M.; Christensen, P.; Du, X. and Thrane, M. (2008) Problem-oriented and project-based learning (popbl) as an innovative learning strategy for sustainable development in engineering education. European Journal of Engineering Education, 33 (3), 283-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043790802088566
Light, R. J. and Pillemer, D. B. (1984) Summing Up. Harvard University Press.
Lintner, C.; Biberhofer, P.; Bernhardt, J. and Rieckmann, M. (under review) Key competencies and performance for sustainability-driven entrepreneurship – An interplay of knowledge, skills, motivation and opportunities.
Littell, J. H.; Corcoran, J. and Pillai, V. (2008) Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. usa, Oxford University Press,
Lozano, R. (2007) Collaboration as a Pathway for Sustainability. Sustainable Development, 15 (6), 370-381. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.322
McCrea, E. A. (2010) Integrating Service-Learning into an Introduction to Entrepreneurship Course. Journal of Management Education, 34 (1), 39-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562909337906
Mogensen, F. and Schnack, K. (2010) The action competence approach and the «new» discourses of education for sustainable development, competence and quality criteria. Environmental Education Research, 16 (1), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620903504032
Parrish, B. D. (2010) Sustainability-driven entrepreneurship: Principles of organization design. Journal of Business Venturing, 25 (5), 510-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.05.005
Parrish, B. D. and Foxon, T. J. (2006) Sustainability entrepreneurship and equitable transitions to a low-carbon economy. Greener Management International, 55, 47-62. https://doi.org/10.9774/GLEAF.3062.2006.au.00006
Petticrew, M. and Roberts, H. (2006) Systematic reviews in the social sciences: a practical guide. Malden, ma, Oxford, Blackwell Pub. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470754887
Pittaway, L. and Cope, J. (2007) Entrepreneurship education: a systematic review of the evidence. International Small Business Journal, 25, 479-510. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242607080656
Rammel, C. and Van Gabain, J. (2012) rce Vienna: Sustainable Entrepreneurs and a Green Economy. Consulted 29 December, 2016. http://www.rce-vienna.at/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Rammel-Gabain_Sustainability-Entrepreneurs-and-a-Green-Economy2.pdf.
Rieckmann, M. (2012) Future-oriented higher education: Which key competencies should be fostered through university teaching and learning? Futures, 44, 127-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2011.09.005
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Schaeper, H. (2009) Development of competencies and teaching-learning arrangements in higher education: findings from Germany. Studies in Higher Education, 34 (6), 677-697. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070802669207
Schaltegger, S. and Wagner, M. (2011) Sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainability innovation: categories and interactions. Business Strategy and the Environment, 20 (4), 222-237. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.682
Sterling, S.; Maxey, L. and Luna, H. (2013) The Sustainable University: Progress and Prospects, London and New York, ny, Routledge.
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Barth, M.; Adomßent, M.; Fischer, D.; Richter, S. and Rieckmann, M. (2014) Learning to change universities from within: a service-learning perspective on promoting sustainable consumption in higher education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 62, 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.04.006
Barth, M.; Godemann, J.; Rieckmann, M. and Stoltenberg, U. (2007) Developing key competencies for sustainable development in higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 8 (4), 416-430. https://doi.org/10.1108/14676370710823582
Barth, M. and Rieckmann, M. (2016) State of the art in research on higher education for sustainable development, in Barth, M.; Michelsen, G.; Rieckmann, M. and Thomas, I. (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Higher Education for Sustainable Development. London, New York, Routledge, 100-113.
Barth, M. and Thomas, I. (2012) Synthesising case study research. Ready for the Next Step? Environmental Education Research, 18 (6), 751-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.665849
Bernhardt, J.; Elsen, S.; Lintner, C.; Biberhofer, P.; Rammel, C.; Schmelz, D.; Ambros, M.; Rieckmann, M.; Bockwoldt, L.; Cincera, J.; Orsáková, P.; ?erný, M.; Boman, J. (2015) case Needs Analysis. Summary. Findings on Competencies for Sustainability-driven Entrepreneurship. Vienna, wu Wien. Consulted 27 December, 2016. http://www.case-ka.eu/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/case-Needs-Analysis.-Summary.-Findings-on-Competencies-for-Sustainability-driven-Entrepreneurship.-Based-on-interviews-with-partners-from-sustainability-driven-enterprises-and-universities.pdf.
Bliemel, M. J. (2013) Getting Entrepreneurship Education Out of the Classroom and into Students' Heads. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 4 (2), 237-260. https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2013-0053
Bloom, B. S. (1956) Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (Vol. 1: Cognitive domain). New York, David McKay.
Brundiers, K.; Wiek, A. and Redman, C. L. (2010) Real-world learning opportunities in sustainability: from class room into the real world. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 11 (4), 308-324. https://doi.org/10.1108/14676371011077540
Chang, J.; Benamraoui, A. and Rieple, A. (2014) Learning-by-doing as an approach to teaching social entrepreneurship. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 51 (5), 459-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2013.785251
Christie, B. A.; Miller, K. K.; Cooke, R. and White, J. G. (2013) Environmental sustainability in higher education: how do academics teach? Environmental Education Research, 19 (3), 385-414. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.698598
Corcoran, P. B.; Walker, K. E. and Wals, A. E. J. (2004) Case Studies, Make-your-case Studies, and Case Stories. A Critique of Case-study Methodology in Sustainability in Higher Education. Environmental Education Research, 10 (1), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350462032000173670
De Haan, G. (2006) The blk «21» programme in Germany: a «Gestaltungskompetenz» based model for Education for Sustainable Development. Environmental Education Research, 12 (1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620500526362
Dhliwayo, S. (2008) Experiential learning in entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 50 (4), 329-340. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910810880560
Fadeeva, Z. and Mochizuki, Y. (2010) Higher education for today and tomorrow: university appraisal for diversity, innovation and change towards sustainable development. Sustainability Science, 5 (2), 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-010-0106-0
Fayolle, A. and Gailly, B. (2008) From craft to science: Teaching models and learning processes in entrepreneurship education. Journal of European Industrial Training, 32 (7), 569-593. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590810899838
Fink, A. (2014) Conducting research literature reviews: from the internet to paper (Fourth edition). Thousand Oaks, California, sage.
Foster, P. and Hammersley, M. (1998) A Review of Reviews: structure and function in reviews of educational research. British Educational Research Journal, 24 (5), 609-628. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141192980240508
García-Olivares, A. and Solé, J. (2015) End of growth and the structural instability of capitalism – From capitalism to a Symbiotic Economy. Futures, 68, 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2014.09.004
Gardiner, S. and Rieckmann, M. (2015) Pedagogies of Preparedness: Use of Reflective Journals in the Operationalisation and Development of Anticipatory Competence. Sustainability, 7 (8), 10554-10575. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70810554
Gibb, A. A. (1993) Enterprise culture and education understanding enterprise education and its links with small business, entrepreneurship and wider educational goals. International Small Business Journal, 11 (3), 11-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/026624269301100301
Gibb, A. A. (2002) In pursuit of a new «enterprise» and «entrepreneurship» paradigm for learning: creative destruction, new values, new ways of doing things and new combinations of knowledge. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4 (3), 233-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00086
Hart, C. (1998) Doing a literature review. Releasing the social science research imagination, London. Sage.
Jensen, B. B. and Schnack, K. (2006) The action competence approach in environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 12 (3-4), 471-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620600943053
Karatzoglou, B. (2013) An in-depth literature review of the evolving roles and contributions of universities to Education for Sustainable Development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 49, 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.07.043
Kouwenhoven, W. (2009) Competence-based Curriculum Development in Higher Education: A Globalised Concept? Consulted 27 December, 2016. http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/9410/InTech-competence_based_curriculum_development_in_higher_education_a_globalised_concept_.pdf.
Kyburz-Graber, R. (2016) Case study research on higher education for sustainable development. Epistemological foundation and quality challenges, in Barth, M.; Michelsen, G.; Rieckmann, M. and Thomas, I. (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Higher Education for Sustainable Development. London, New York, Routledge, 126-141.
Kyrö, P. (2015) Handbook of Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development Research. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808248
Lans, T.; Blok, V. and Wesselink, R. (2014) Learning apart and together: towards an integrated competence framework for sustainable entrepreneurship in higher education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 62, 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.03.036
Lans, T.; Hulsink, W.; Baert, H. and Mulder, M. (2008) Entrepreneurship education and training in a small business context: insights from the competence-based approach. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 16, 363-383. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495808000193
Lehmann, M.; Christensen, P.; Du, X. and Thrane, M. (2008) Problem-oriented and project-based learning (popbl) as an innovative learning strategy for sustainable development in engineering education. European Journal of Engineering Education, 33 (3), 283-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043790802088566
Light, R. J. and Pillemer, D. B. (1984) Summing Up. Harvard University Press.
Lintner, C.; Biberhofer, P.; Bernhardt, J. and Rieckmann, M. (under review) Key competencies and performance for sustainability-driven entrepreneurship – An interplay of knowledge, skills, motivation and opportunities.
Littell, J. H.; Corcoran, J. and Pillai, V. (2008) Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. usa, Oxford University Press,
Lozano, R. (2007) Collaboration as a Pathway for Sustainability. Sustainable Development, 15 (6), 370-381. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.322
McCrea, E. A. (2010) Integrating Service-Learning into an Introduction to Entrepreneurship Course. Journal of Management Education, 34 (1), 39-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562909337906
Mogensen, F. and Schnack, K. (2010) The action competence approach and the «new» discourses of education for sustainable development, competence and quality criteria. Environmental Education Research, 16 (1), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620903504032
Parrish, B. D. (2010) Sustainability-driven entrepreneurship: Principles of organization design. Journal of Business Venturing, 25 (5), 510-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.05.005
Parrish, B. D. and Foxon, T. J. (2006) Sustainability entrepreneurship and equitable transitions to a low-carbon economy. Greener Management International, 55, 47-62. https://doi.org/10.9774/GLEAF.3062.2006.au.00006
Petticrew, M. and Roberts, H. (2006) Systematic reviews in the social sciences: a practical guide. Malden, ma, Oxford, Blackwell Pub. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470754887
Pittaway, L. and Cope, J. (2007) Entrepreneurship education: a systematic review of the evidence. International Small Business Journal, 25, 479-510. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242607080656
Rammel, C. and Van Gabain, J. (2012) rce Vienna: Sustainable Entrepreneurs and a Green Economy. Consulted 29 December, 2016. http://www.rce-vienna.at/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Rammel-Gabain_Sustainability-Entrepreneurs-and-a-Green-Economy2.pdf.
Rieckmann, M. (2012) Future-oriented higher education: Which key competencies should be fostered through university teaching and learning? Futures, 44, 127-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2011.09.005
Rychen, D. S. (2003) Key competencies: Meeting important challenges in life, in Rychen, D. S. and Salganik, L. H. (eds.) Key Competencies for a Successful Life and a Well-Functioning Society. Cambridge/ma., Toronto, Bern, Göttingen, Hogrefe and Huber, 63-107.
Schaeper, H. (2009) Development of competencies and teaching-learning arrangements in higher education: findings from Germany. Studies in Higher Education, 34 (6), 677-697. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070802669207
Schaltegger, S. and Wagner, M. (2011) Sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainability innovation: categories and interactions. Business Strategy and the Environment, 20 (4), 222-237. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.682
Sterling, S.; Maxey, L. and Luna, H. (2013) The Sustainable University: Progress and Prospects, London and New York, ny, Routledge.
Thomas, I. (2009) Critical thinking, transformative learning, sustainable education, and problem-based learning in universities. Journal of Transformative Education, 7 (3), 245-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344610385753
Thomas, I. (2016) Challenges for implementation of education for sustainable development in higher education institutions, in Barth, M.; Michelsen, G.; Rieckmann, M. and Thomas, I. (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Higher Education for Sustainable Development. London, New York, Routledge, 56-71.
Tilley, F. and Young, W. (2010) Sustainability entrepreneurs: could they be true wealth generators for the future? Greener Management International, 55, 79-92.
unesco (ed.) (1998) World Conference on Higher Education: Higher Education in the Twenty-first Century. Vision and Action. Consulted 27 December, 2016. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001163/116345e.pdf.
unesco (ed.) (2014) Roadmap for Implementing the Global Action Programme on Education for Sustainable Development. Consulted 27 December, 2016. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002305/230514e.pdf.
unesco (ed.) (2015) Rethinking Education. Towards a global common good? Consulted 27 December, 2016. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002325/232555e.pdf
Vare, P. and Scott, W. (2007) Learning for a change exploring the relationship between education and sustainable development. Journal of Education for Sustainable Development, 1 (2), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.1177/097340820700100209
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