Professional and Organizational Best Practices
Abstract By focusing on evidence-based practices this article asks us to pursue jointly what are best practices, who is a professional, and what does it mean to be an effective and efficient organization. Both professionals and organizations provide services and supports that enhance the personal well-being and personal growth of their clientele. In discussing professional and organizational practices, I will suggest that professional best practices begin with respect for the individual and embrace professional standards, professional ethics, evidence-based practices, and impact evaluation. Analogously, I will suggest that organization best practices begin with a commitment to being a values-based entity that is effective and efficient in the provision of services and supports. This organization commitment is reflected in best practices related to high performance teams, the supports paradigm, outcomes evaluation, and continuous quality improvement.As depicted in Figure 1, the presentation will discuss each of these components of professional and organizational best practices. Additionally, I will suggest that through their reciprocal action, the best practices exhibited by professionals and organizations also create a cultural milieu that directly enhances not only the services and supports provided to the organization’s clientele, but also directly impacts the personal wellbeing and growth of organization personnel, which in turn enhances their effectiveness and efficiency.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207312460888
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399707304434
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01079.x
REINDERS, H. S. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2014). How organizations can enhance the quality of life of their clients and assess their results: The concept of QOL enhancement. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 119, 291-302.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-119.4.291
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-51.4.273
SCHALOCK, R. L., VERDUGO, M. Á. y GÓMEZ, L. E. (2011). Evidence-based practices in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities. Evaluation and Program Planning, 34, 273-282.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2010.10.004
SHIRE, S. y KASARI, C. (2014). Train the trainer effectiveness trials of behavior intervention for individuals with autism: A systematic review. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 119, 436-451.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-119.5.436
SHOGREN, K. A., LUCKASSON, R. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2014). The definition of 'context' and its application in the field of intellectual disability. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 11, 109-116.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12077
SUMMERS, J. A., POSTON, D. J., TURNBULL, A. P., MARQUIS, J., HOFFMAN, L., MANNAN, H. y WANG, M. (2005). Conceptualizing and measuring family quality of life. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49 (10), 777-783.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00751.x
THOMPSON, J. R., SCHALOCK, R. L., AGOSTA, J., TENINTY, L. y FORTUNE, J. (2014). How the supports paradigm is transforming the developmental disabilities service system. Inclusion, 2, 86-99.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/2326-6988-2.2.86
TURNBULL, H. R. y STOWE, M. J. (2001). A taxonomy for organizing the core concept according to their underlying principles. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 112, 177-197.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104420730101200304
UNITED NATIONS (2006). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention
VAN LOON, J. H. M., BONHAM, G. S., PETERSON, D. D., SCHALOCK, R. L., CLAES. C. y DECRAMER, A. (2013). The use of evidence-based outcomes in systems and organization providing services and supports to persons with intellectual disability. Evaluation and Program Planning, 36, 80-87.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2012.08.002
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01069.x
HASTINGS, R. P. (2010). Support staff working in intellectual disability services: The importance of relationships and positive experiences. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 35, 207-210.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2010.492710
HEWITT, A. y LARSON, S. (2007). The direct workforce in community supports to individuals with developmental disabilities: Issues, implications, and promising practices. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 13, 178-187.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.20151
LUCKASSON, R. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2013). Defining and applying a functionality approach to intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57, 657-668.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01575.x
LUNSKY, Y., HASTINGS, R. P., HENSEL, J., ARENOVICH, T. y DEWA, C. S. (2014). Perceptions of positive contributions and burnout in community developmental workers. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 52, 249-257.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-52.4.249
MAZZOTTI, V. L., TEST, D. W. y MUSTIAN, A. L. (2014). Secondary transition evidence-based practices and predictors: Implications for policy makers. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 25 (1), 5-18.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207312460888
Neutens, J. J. y Rubinson, L. (2010). Research techniques for the health sciences. San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummins.
NOORDEGRAAF, M. (2007). From 'pure' to 'hybrid' professionalism: Present-day professionalism in ambiguous public domains. Administration and Society, 39, 761-784.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399707304434
Norwood, S. L. (2010). Research essentials: Foundations for evidence-based practices. Boston, MA: Pearson.
REINDERS, H. (2008). The transformation of human services. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52, 564-571.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01079.x
REINDERS, H. S. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2014). How organizations can enhance the quality of life of their clients and assess their results: The concept of QOL enhancement. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 119, 291-302.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-119.4.291
Schalock, R. L. y Keith, K. D. (in press). Cross-cultural quality of life: Enhancing the lives of persons with intellectual disability. Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
Schalock, R. L. y Luckasson, R. (2014). Clinical judgment (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
Schalock, R. L. y Verdugo, M. Á. (2012). A leadership guide for today's disabilities organizations: Overcoming challenges and making change happen. Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing Company.
SCHALOCK, R. L. y VERDUGO, M. Á. (2013). The transformation of disabilities organizations. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 51, 273-286.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-51.4.273
SCHALOCK, R. L., VERDUGO, M. Á. y GÓMEZ, L. E. (2011). Evidence-based practices in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities. Evaluation and Program Planning, 34, 273-282.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2010.10.004
SHIRE, S. y KASARI, C. (2014). Train the trainer effectiveness trials of behavior intervention for individuals with autism: A systematic review. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 119, 436-451.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-119.5.436
SHOGREN, K. A., LUCKASSON, R. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2014). The definition of 'context' and its application in the field of intellectual disability. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 11, 109-116.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12077
SUMMERS, J. A., POSTON, D. J., TURNBULL, A. P., MARQUIS, J., HOFFMAN, L., MANNAN, H. y WANG, M. (2005). Conceptualizing and measuring family quality of life. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49 (10), 777-783.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00751.x
THOMPSON, J. R., SCHALOCK, R. L., AGOSTA, J., TENINTY, L. y FORTUNE, J. (2014). How the supports paradigm is transforming the developmental disabilities service system. Inclusion, 2, 86-99.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/2326-6988-2.2.86
TURNBULL, H. R. y STOWE, M. J. (2001). A taxonomy for organizing the core concept according to their underlying principles. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 112, 177-197.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104420730101200304
UNITED NATIONS (2006). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention
VAN LOON, J. H. M., BONHAM, G. S., PETERSON, D. D., SCHALOCK, R. L., CLAES. C. y DECRAMER, A. (2013). The use of evidence-based outcomes in systems and organization providing services and supports to persons with intellectual disability. Evaluation and Program Planning, 36, 80-87.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2012.08.002
Schalock, R. L. (2015). Professional and Organizational Best Practices. Siglo Cero, 46(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero2015461723
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