Analizar el contexto para mejorar los resultados
Investigación y buenas prácticas
Resumen El contexto es importante en la vida de las personas con discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo y se reconoce como un factor influyente en diversos enfoques para comprender y desarrollar sistemas de apoyo. Sin embargo, no existe una comprensión compartida y común del contexto, cómo hacerlo operativo y cómo aprovechar el análisis contextual para impulsar cambios para las personas con discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo. Los investigadores han trabajado para definir operativamente el contexto, reconocer su multidimensionalidad y definir métodos (i. e., análisis contextual) para evaluar los factores contextuales e impulsar el cambio sistémico. Este artículo proporciona una visión general de este trabajo, destacando que una comprensión multidimensional del contexto como multifactorial, multinivel e interactivo puede identificar la totalidad de las circunstancias que lo componen. El uso de esta comprensión puede impulsar el análisis contextual y la implementación de un modelo de trabajo de campo basado en el contexto para mejorar los resultados personales. Se describen las formas en que el análisis contextual puede promover la adopción de un paradigma de ciudadanía compartida para promover resultados personales y sistémicos.
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Luckasson, R., Schalock, R. L., Tassé, M. J. and Shogren, K. A. (2023). The intellectual and developmental disability shared citizenship paradigm: its cross-cultural status, implementation and confirmation. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 67(1), 64-76. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12992
Schalock, R. L. (2017). Introduction to the special issue on disability policy in a time of change. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 55(4), 215-222. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-55.4.215
Schalock, R. L., Borthwick-Duffy, S., Bradley, V., Buntix, W. H. E., Coulter, D. L., Craig, E. P. M., Gomez, S. C., Lachapelle, Y., Luckasson, R. A., Reeve, A., Shogren, K. A., Snell, M. E., Spreat, S., Tasse, M. J., Thompson, J. R., Verdugo, M. Á., Wehmeyer, M. L. and Yeager, M. H. (2010). Intellectual disability: Definition, classification and systems of support (11th ed.). American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
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Schalock, R. L., Luckasson, R., Tassé, M. J. and Shogren, K. A. (2022). The IDD paradigm of shared citizenship: Its operationalization, application, evaluation, and shaping for the future. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 60(5), 426-443. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-60.5.426
Shogren, K. A., Luckasson, R. and Schalock, R. L. (2014). The definition of context and its application in the field of intellectual disability. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 11(2), 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12077
Shogren, K. A., Luckasson, R. and Schalock, R. L. (2018). The responsibility to build contexts that enhance human functioning and promote valued outcomes for people with intellectual disability: Strengthening system responsiveness. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 56(4), 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-56.5.287
Shogren, K. A., Luckasson, R. and Schalock, R. L. (2020). Using a multi-dimensional model to analyze context and enhance personal outcomes. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 58(2), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-58.2.95
Shogren, K. A., Luckasson, R. and Schalock, R. L. (2021). Leveraging the power of context in disability policy development, implementation, and evaluation: Multiple applications to enhance personal outcomes. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 31(4), 230-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207320923656
Shogren, K. A., Schalock, R. L. and Luckasson, R. (2018). The use of a context-based change model to unfreeze the status quo and drive valued outcomes. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 15(2), 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12233
Turnbull, H. R. and Stowe, M. J. (2017). A model for analyzing disability policy. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 55(4), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-55.4.223
United Nations. (2006). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability. https://www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?navid=14&pid=150
Verdugo, M. Á., Jenaro, C., Calvo, I. and Navas, P. (2017). Disability policy implementation from a cross-cultural perspective. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 55(4), 234-246. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-55.4.234
World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.
World Health Organization. (2007). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and youth version.
Buntinx, W. H. E. (2006). The relationship between the WHO-ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disaiblity and Health) and the AAMR 2002 system. In H. Switzky and S. Greenspan (Eds.), What is mental retardation? (pp. 6-10). American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
Luckasson, R., Borthwick-Duffy, S., Buntinx, W. H. E., Coulter, D. L., Craig, E. P. M., Reeve, A., Schalock, R. L., Snell, M. E., Spitalnik, D. M., Spreat, S. and Tasse, M. J. (2002). Mental retardation: Definition, classification, and systems of support (10th ed.). American Association on Mental Retardation.
Luckasson, R., Schalock, R. L., Tassé, M. J. and Shogren, K. A. (2023). The intellectual and developmental disability shared citizenship paradigm: its cross-cultural status, implementation and confirmation. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 67(1), 64-76. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12992
Schalock, R. L. (2017). Introduction to the special issue on disability policy in a time of change. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 55(4), 215-222. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-55.4.215
Schalock, R. L., Borthwick-Duffy, S., Bradley, V., Buntix, W. H. E., Coulter, D. L., Craig, E. P. M., Gomez, S. C., Lachapelle, Y., Luckasson, R. A., Reeve, A., Shogren, K. A., Snell, M. E., Spreat, S., Tasse, M. J., Thompson, J. R., Verdugo, M. Á., Wehmeyer, M. L. and Yeager, M. H. (2010). Intellectual disability: Definition, classification and systems of support (11th ed.). American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
Schalock, R. L., Luckasson, R. and Tassé, M. J. (2021). Intellectual disability: Definition, diagnosis, classification, and systems of supports (12th ed.). American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
Schalock, R. L., Luckasson, R., Tassé, M. J. and Shogren, K. A. (2022). The IDD paradigm of shared citizenship: Its operationalization, application, evaluation, and shaping for the future. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 60(5), 426-443. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-60.5.426
Shogren, K. A., Luckasson, R. and Schalock, R. L. (2014). The definition of context and its application in the field of intellectual disability. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 11(2), 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12077
Shogren, K. A., Luckasson, R. and Schalock, R. L. (2018). The responsibility to build contexts that enhance human functioning and promote valued outcomes for people with intellectual disability: Strengthening system responsiveness. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 56(4), 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-56.5.287
Shogren, K. A., Luckasson, R. and Schalock, R. L. (2020). Using a multi-dimensional model to analyze context and enhance personal outcomes. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 58(2), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-58.2.95
Shogren, K. A., Luckasson, R. and Schalock, R. L. (2021). Leveraging the power of context in disability policy development, implementation, and evaluation: Multiple applications to enhance personal outcomes. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 31(4), 230-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207320923656
Shogren, K. A., Schalock, R. L. and Luckasson, R. (2018). The use of a context-based change model to unfreeze the status quo and drive valued outcomes. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 15(2), 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12233
Turnbull, H. R. and Stowe, M. J. (2017). A model for analyzing disability policy. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 55(4), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-55.4.223
United Nations. (2006). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability. https://www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?navid=14&pid=150
Verdugo, M. Á., Jenaro, C., Calvo, I. and Navas, P. (2017). Disability policy implementation from a cross-cultural perspective. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 55(4), 234-246. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-55.4.234
World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.
World Health Organization. (2007). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and youth version.
Shogren, K. A. (2025). Analizar el contexto para mejorar los resultados: Investigación y buenas prácticas. Siglo Cero, 56(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero.32214
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