Derechos y calidad de vida en personas con discapacidad intelectual y mayores necesidades de apoyo
Resumen Las personas con discapacidades intelectuales (DI) y del desarrollo que presentan una mayor necesidad de apoyos constituyen un grupo especialmente vulnerable en lo que a defensa y garantía de sus derechos se refiere. A pesar de ello, su situación no ha sido objeto prioritario de estudio ni han existido desarrollos específicos de política social para responder a sus necesidades, lo cual se traduce en una escasez de interés por conocer en profundidad la realidad de estas personas, dificultades para garantizar el cumplimiento de sus derechos y falta de iniciativas orientadas al logro de su plena inclusión. Todo ello hace necesario el emprendimiento de una serie de acciones, traducidas en objetivos del presente trabajo: examinar y sintetizar los datos existentes sobre este colectivo en nuestro país; detectar sus necesidades y el grado de cumplimiento de las mismas; y proponer orientaciones claras y basadas en el conocimiento para asegurar el bienestar y el cumplimento de derechos. Para ello, la metodología empleada ha consistido en: (a) la revisión de la literatura científica más relevante de los últimos diez años sobre DI y grandes necesidades de apoyo; y (b) la explotación de distintas bases de datos como la Encuesta de Discapacidad, Autonomía personal y situaciones de Dependencia, EDAD (INE, 2008) y del Sistema de Información del Sistema para la Autonomía y Atención a la Dependencia (SISAAD), entre otras. A partir de los datos analizados y observando las situaciones frecuentes de exclusión a las que se enfrenta este colectivo, se extraen líneas urgentes de actuación para mejorar el conocimiento sobre las condiciones de vida de las personas con DI más significativa que permitan el desarrollo de buenas prácticas en la provisión de apoyos a este colectivo.
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