O Interesse dos Latino-americanos nos Assuntos Internacionais
Resumo Enquanto existem numerosas pesquisas sobre o interesse dos cidadãos nos assuntos internacionais nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, os estudos comparativos sobre esse tema na América Latina continuam escassos. Este artigo tem como objetivo ampliar o conhecimento sobre esse fenômeno para a região, utilizando a pesquisa “As Américas e o Mundo” realizada em 2014/5 em sete dos principais países da América Latina. Embora existam diferenças entre os países, este artigo procura identificar padrões comuns, como o interesse dos latino-americanos pelas notícias internacionais, especialmente quando envolvem seu país de origem. No entanto, esses resultados preliminares questionam a existência de uma lacuna de gênero no consumo de notícias internacionais, identificada pela literatura comparativa.
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Aalberg, T., Papathanassopoulos, S., Soroka, S., Curran J., Kaori Hayashi, K., Iyengar, S., Jones, PK., Mazzoleni, G., Rojas, H., Rowe, D. y Tiffen, R. (2013). International TV News, Foreign Affairs Interest and Public Knowledge. Journalism Studies, 14(3), 387-406.
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Batista, F. (2020). Assessing Political Knowledge Scales Across Countries. Evidence from Latin America. Revista Latinoamericana de Opinión Pública, 9(1), 37-62. https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22687
Benesch, C. (2012). An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in News Consumption, Journal of Media Economics, 25(3), 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2012.700976
Bennett, S. E., Flickinger, R. S., Baker, J. R., Rhine, S. L., y Bennett, L. L. M. (1996). Citizens’ Knowledge of Foreign Affairs. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 1(2), 10-29.
Caspary, W. (1970). The “Mood Theory”: A Study of Public Opinion and Foreign Policy. American Political Science Review, 64(2), 536-547. https://doi.org/10.2307/1953848
Chang, T. K. (1998). All Countries Not Created Equal to Be News: World System and International Communication. Communication Research, 25(5), 528-563.
Crowne, D. P., y Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24(4), 349-354.
Dans, E. (2000). Internet Newspapers: Are Some More Equal than Others? Journal on Media Management, 2(1), 4-13.
Drezner, D. (2008). The Realist Tradition in American Public Opinion. Perspectives on Politics, 6(1), 51-70.
Elff, M. (2009, 2-5 abril). Political Knowledge in Comparative Perspective: The Problem of Cross- National Equivalence of Measurement [Ponencia]. MPSA Annual National Conference. Palmer House, Chicago, Il.
Galtung, J., y Ruge, M. H. (1965). The structure of foreign news. Journal of Peace Research 2(1), 64-91.
Garcé, A., D’Avenia, L., López, C. y Villegas, B. (2018) Political Knowledge Regimes and policy change in Chile and Uruguay. On Think Tanks Working Paper 3.
Gilboa, E. (2002). Global Communication and Foreign Policy. Journal of Communications 52(4), 731-748.
Grasland, C. (2020). International news flow theory revisited through a space-time interaction model: Application to a sample of 320,000 international news stories published through RSS flows by 31 daily newspapers in 2015. International Communication Gazette, 82(3), 231-259.
Holsti, O. (1992). Public Opinion and Foreign Policy: Challenges to the Almond-Lippmann Consensus. Mershon Series: Research Programs and Debates. International Studies Quarterly, 36, 439-466.
Holsti, O. (2004). Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy. University of Michigan Press.
Internet World Stats. (2020). https://www.internetworldstats.com/south.htm.
Jerit, J., Barabas J and Bolsen, T. (2006). ‘‘Citizens, Knowledge, and the Information Environment.’’ American Journal of Political Science, 50(2), 266-282.
Joye, S. (2010). Around the world in 8 pages? A longitudinal analysis of international news coverage in Flemish newspapers (1986-2006). En D. Biltereyst y S. Van Bauwel (Eds.), Working Papers Film & TV Studies (1st ed., Vol. 2010). Academia Press.
Klingberg, F. (1952). The Historical Alternation of Moods in American Foreign Policy. World Politics, 4(2), 239-273.
LatinLink (2015) The Data Every Latin American Digital Marketer Needs. http://latinlink.usmediaconsulting.com/2015/02/the-data-every-latin-american-digital-marketer-needs/
Lavrakas, P. J. (2008). Social Desirability. En Encyclopedia of survey research methods (Vols. 1-0). Sage Publications, Inc. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963947
Lee, C. C. y Yang, J. (1996). Foreign news and national interest: Comparing U.S. and Japanese coverage of a Chinese student movement. International Communication Gazette, 56, 1-18.
Levy, D (2012) Evidence on Interest in and Consumption of Foreign News. Reuter Digital News Report. Disponible en: https://www.digitalnewsreport.org/essays/2012/evidence-on-interest-in-and-consumption-of-foreign-news/.
Lopes, D. B. (2013). Política externa e democracia no Brasil. Editora UNESP.
Mondak, J. (2001). Developing Valid Knowledge Scales. American Journal of Political Science, 45(1), 224-238.
Morales, R y Schiavon, J. (2015). El efecto de la opinión pública en la política exterior de México: contrastando las teorías realistas y liberales. Foro internacional, 55(3), 669-706.
Morgenthau, H. (1948). Politics Among Nations. The Struggle for Power and Peace. Alfred A. Knopf.
Mouron, F., Hardt, M. S., y Onuki, J. (2018). Conocimiento político internacional a partir de un enfoque individual y de contexto: evidencia desde Brasil. Revista SAAP: Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Político, 12(1), 131-153.
Naveh, C. (2002). The Role of the Media in Foreign Policy Decision-Making: A Theoretical Framework. Conflict & Communication online, 1(2), 1-14.
Newman, N., Dutton, W., y Blank, G. (2013). Social media in the changing ecology of news: the fourth and fifth estates in Britain. International Journal of Internet Science, 7(1), 6-22.
Norris, P. (1997). Women, media, and politics. Oxford University Press.
Nossek, H. (2004). Our News and their News: The Role of National Identity in the Coverage of Foreign News. Journalism, 5(3), 343-368.
Olmastroni, F. (2017). The alleged consensus: Italian elites and publics on foreign policy. Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana Di Scienza Politica, 47(2), 149-182.
Pew Research Center. (2007). Public Knowledge of Current Affairs Little Changed by News and Information Revolutions. What Americans Know: 1989-2007. http://www.people-press.org/2007/04/15/public-knowledge-of-current-affairs-little-changed-by-news-and-information-revolutions/
Pew Research Center. (2018). Publics Globally Want Unbiased News Coverage, but Are Divided on Whether Their News Media Deliver. Disponible en: https://www.pewresearch.org/global/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/01/Publics-Globally-Want-Unbiased-News-Coverage-but-Are-Divided-on-Whether-Their-News-Media-Deliver_Full-Report-and-Topline-UPDATED.pdf
Pew Research Center. (2008). Where Men and Women Differ in Following the News. http://www.pewresearch.org/2008/02/06/where-men-and-women-differ-
in-following-the-news/
Poindexter, P. M., Meraz, S., y Schmitz Weiss, A. (2008). Women, Men, and News: Divided and disconnected in the news media landscape. Routledge.
Reuters. (2014). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2014. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/our-research/digital-news-report-2014
SEPP. (2015). Somos los mayores lectores de diarios de la región. http://sepp.pe/somos-los-mayores-lectores-de-diarios-de-la-region/
Smith, S., Hadfield, A. and Dunne, T. (2016). Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases. Oxford University Press.
Steiner, Z. (1987). Decision-Making in American and British Foreign Policy: An Open and Shut Case. Review of International Studies, 13(1), 1-18.
Wu, D. (2000). Systemic determinants of international news coverage: A comparison of 38 countries. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 110-130.
Almond, G. (1960). The American People and Foreign Policy. Praeger.
American Press Institute. (2014). Social and demographic differences in news habits and attitudes. https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/reports/survey-research/social-demographic-differences-news-habits-attitudes/
Batista, F. (2020). Assessing Political Knowledge Scales Across Countries. Evidence from Latin America. Revista Latinoamericana de Opinión Pública, 9(1), 37-62. https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22687
Benesch, C. (2012). An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in News Consumption, Journal of Media Economics, 25(3), 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2012.700976
Bennett, S. E., Flickinger, R. S., Baker, J. R., Rhine, S. L., y Bennett, L. L. M. (1996). Citizens’ Knowledge of Foreign Affairs. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 1(2), 10-29.
Caspary, W. (1970). The “Mood Theory”: A Study of Public Opinion and Foreign Policy. American Political Science Review, 64(2), 536-547. https://doi.org/10.2307/1953848
Chang, T. K. (1998). All Countries Not Created Equal to Be News: World System and International Communication. Communication Research, 25(5), 528-563.
Crowne, D. P., y Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24(4), 349-354.
Dans, E. (2000). Internet Newspapers: Are Some More Equal than Others? Journal on Media Management, 2(1), 4-13.
Drezner, D. (2008). The Realist Tradition in American Public Opinion. Perspectives on Politics, 6(1), 51-70.
Elff, M. (2009, 2-5 abril). Political Knowledge in Comparative Perspective: The Problem of Cross- National Equivalence of Measurement [Ponencia]. MPSA Annual National Conference. Palmer House, Chicago, Il.
Galtung, J., y Ruge, M. H. (1965). The structure of foreign news. Journal of Peace Research 2(1), 64-91.
Garcé, A., D’Avenia, L., López, C. y Villegas, B. (2018) Political Knowledge Regimes and policy change in Chile and Uruguay. On Think Tanks Working Paper 3.
Gilboa, E. (2002). Global Communication and Foreign Policy. Journal of Communications 52(4), 731-748.
Grasland, C. (2020). International news flow theory revisited through a space-time interaction model: Application to a sample of 320,000 international news stories published through RSS flows by 31 daily newspapers in 2015. International Communication Gazette, 82(3), 231-259.
Holsti, O. (1992). Public Opinion and Foreign Policy: Challenges to the Almond-Lippmann Consensus. Mershon Series: Research Programs and Debates. International Studies Quarterly, 36, 439-466.
Holsti, O. (2004). Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy. University of Michigan Press.
Internet World Stats. (2020). https://www.internetworldstats.com/south.htm.
Jerit, J., Barabas J and Bolsen, T. (2006). ‘‘Citizens, Knowledge, and the Information Environment.’’ American Journal of Political Science, 50(2), 266-282.
Joye, S. (2010). Around the world in 8 pages? A longitudinal analysis of international news coverage in Flemish newspapers (1986-2006). En D. Biltereyst y S. Van Bauwel (Eds.), Working Papers Film & TV Studies (1st ed., Vol. 2010). Academia Press.
Klingberg, F. (1952). The Historical Alternation of Moods in American Foreign Policy. World Politics, 4(2), 239-273.
LatinLink (2015) The Data Every Latin American Digital Marketer Needs. http://latinlink.usmediaconsulting.com/2015/02/the-data-every-latin-american-digital-marketer-needs/
Lavrakas, P. J. (2008). Social Desirability. En Encyclopedia of survey research methods (Vols. 1-0). Sage Publications, Inc. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963947
Lee, C. C. y Yang, J. (1996). Foreign news and national interest: Comparing U.S. and Japanese coverage of a Chinese student movement. International Communication Gazette, 56, 1-18.
Levy, D (2012) Evidence on Interest in and Consumption of Foreign News. Reuter Digital News Report. Disponible en: https://www.digitalnewsreport.org/essays/2012/evidence-on-interest-in-and-consumption-of-foreign-news/.
Lopes, D. B. (2013). Política externa e democracia no Brasil. Editora UNESP.
Mondak, J. (2001). Developing Valid Knowledge Scales. American Journal of Political Science, 45(1), 224-238.
Morales, R y Schiavon, J. (2015). El efecto de la opinión pública en la política exterior de México: contrastando las teorías realistas y liberales. Foro internacional, 55(3), 669-706.
Morgenthau, H. (1948). Politics Among Nations. The Struggle for Power and Peace. Alfred A. Knopf.
Mouron, F., Hardt, M. S., y Onuki, J. (2018). Conocimiento político internacional a partir de un enfoque individual y de contexto: evidencia desde Brasil. Revista SAAP: Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Político, 12(1), 131-153.
Naveh, C. (2002). The Role of the Media in Foreign Policy Decision-Making: A Theoretical Framework. Conflict & Communication online, 1(2), 1-14.
Newman, N., Dutton, W., y Blank, G. (2013). Social media in the changing ecology of news: the fourth and fifth estates in Britain. International Journal of Internet Science, 7(1), 6-22.
Norris, P. (1997). Women, media, and politics. Oxford University Press.
Nossek, H. (2004). Our News and their News: The Role of National Identity in the Coverage of Foreign News. Journalism, 5(3), 343-368.
Olmastroni, F. (2017). The alleged consensus: Italian elites and publics on foreign policy. Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana Di Scienza Politica, 47(2), 149-182.
Pew Research Center. (2007). Public Knowledge of Current Affairs Little Changed by News and Information Revolutions. What Americans Know: 1989-2007. http://www.people-press.org/2007/04/15/public-knowledge-of-current-affairs-little-changed-by-news-and-information-revolutions/
Pew Research Center. (2018). Publics Globally Want Unbiased News Coverage, but Are Divided on Whether Their News Media Deliver. Disponible en: https://www.pewresearch.org/global/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/01/Publics-Globally-Want-Unbiased-News-Coverage-but-Are-Divided-on-Whether-Their-News-Media-Deliver_Full-Report-and-Topline-UPDATED.pdf
Pew Research Center. (2008). Where Men and Women Differ in Following the News. http://www.pewresearch.org/2008/02/06/where-men-and-women-differ-
in-following-the-news/
Poindexter, P. M., Meraz, S., y Schmitz Weiss, A. (2008). Women, Men, and News: Divided and disconnected in the news media landscape. Routledge.
Reuters. (2014). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2014. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/our-research/digital-news-report-2014
SEPP. (2015). Somos los mayores lectores de diarios de la región. http://sepp.pe/somos-los-mayores-lectores-de-diarios-de-la-region/
Smith, S., Hadfield, A. and Dunne, T. (2016). Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases. Oxford University Press.
Steiner, Z. (1987). Decision-Making in American and British Foreign Policy: An Open and Shut Case. Review of International Studies, 13(1), 1-18.
Wu, D. (2000). Systemic determinants of international news coverage: A comparison of 38 countries. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 110-130.
López Varas, M. Ángel. (2021). O Interesse dos Latino-americanos nos Assuntos Internacionais. Revista Latinoamericana De Opinión Pública, 10(1), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22922
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