Clivajes Políticos en Brasil: una dimensión longitudinal
Resumen El estudio investiga la persistencia y evolución de los clivajes políticos en Brasil, examinando cómo las diferencias en la opinión pública se relacionan con las prioridades de valores (materialismo y posmaterialismo) y con la preferencia partidaria por el Partido de los Trabajadores (PT). La base empírica consiste en datos provenientes de cinco olas de World Values Survey (1991, 1997, 2006, 2014 y 2018), analizados mediante técnicas de análisis factorial y teoría de la respuesta al ítem. Los resultados revelan una diferencia valorativa del tipo liberal-fundamentalista que se mantiene constante a lo largo de las olas, con votantes fundamentalistas siendo más materialistas y teniendo menor probabilidad de apoyar al PT. Además, se observa que la relación entre esta diferencia liberal-fundamentalista y la preferencia por el PT se ha vuelto menos estable a lo largo del tiempo, reflejando cambios en la base del partido. Estos hallazgos resaltan el papel significativo de la movilización religiosa en Brasil y evidencian raíces históricas en la opinión pública brasileña que ayudan a comprender fenómenos contemporáneos. Al proporcionar evidencia empírica del contexto brasileño, el estudio contribuye a la literatura más amplia sobre clivajes políticos y sugiere nuevas direcciones para investigaciones comparativas en otros países latinoamericanos.
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Feldman, S; & Johnston, C. (2014). Understanding the determinants of political ideology: Implications of structural complexity. Political Psychology, v. 35, n. 3, pp. 337-358. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12055
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Fuks, M.; & Marques, P. H. (2021). Contexto e voto: o impacto da reorganização da direita sobre a consistência ideológica do voto nas eleições de 2018. Opinião Pública, 26, 401-430. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-01912020263401
Fuks, M.; & Marques, Pedro H. (2023). Polarização e contexto: medindo e explicando a polarização política no Brasil. Opinião Pública, 28, 560-593. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-01912022283560
Funk, J. L.; & Rogge, R. D. (2007). Testing the ruler with item response theory: increasing precision of measurement for relationship satisfaction with the Couples Satisfaction Index. Journal of family psychology, 21(4), 572. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.572
Gethin, A.; Marínez-Toledano, C.; & Piketty, T. (2021). Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities in Fifty Democracies, 1948-2020. Harvard Press.
Hair, J. F. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados. Bookman editora.
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