The Thing (1982): A First Prediagnostic Model for Infections and Alterations of Physiology
Abstract The Thing (1982) by John Carpenter represents an audiovisual challenge to think about the discovery of keys for the early detection of hostile infections. The search for quick and easy techniques for solving cases means the difference between survival and remaining suspicious for a group that tries to discover which of them are infected, and not end up transformed into «something else». This work will allow the student body to know the changes in the homeostatic balance that the relationship with microorganisms of different nature present in the blood would imply.
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Castillo DJ, Rifkin RF, Cowan DA, Potgieter M. The Healthy Human Blood Microbiome: Fact or Fiction? Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2019;9:148. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6519389/pdf/fcimb-09-00148.pdf
Tedeschi GG, Amici D, Paparelli M. Incorporation of nucleosides and amino-acids in human erythrocyte suspensions: possible relation with a diffuse infection of mycoplasms or bacteria in the L form. Nature. 1969;222(5200):1285-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/2221285a0
Mitchell AJ, Gray WD, Schroeder M, Yi H, Taylor JV, Dillard RS, et al. Pleomorphic Structures in Human Blood Are Red Blood Cell-Derived Microparticles, Not Bacteria. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0163582. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0163582
Martel J, Wu CY, Huang PR, Cheng WY, Young JD. Pleomorphic bacteria-like structures in human blood represent non-living membrane vesicles and protein particles. Sci. Rep. 2017;7(1):10650. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5587737/
Païssé S, Valle C, Servant F, Courtney M, Burcelin R, Amar J, et al. Comprehensive description of blood microbiome from healthy donors assessed by 16S targeted metagenomic sequencing. Transfusion. 2016;56(5):1138-1147. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.13477
Cogen AL, Nizet V, Gallo RL. Skin microbiota: a source of disease or defence? Br. J. Dermatol. 2008;158(3):442-455. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746716/pdf/nihms91877.pdf
Funkhouser LJ, Bordenstein SR. Mom knows best: the universality of maternal microbial transmission. PLoS. Biol. 2013;11(8):e1001631. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3747981/pdf/pbio.1001631.pdf
Cook L, Reid KT, Häkkinen E, de Bie B, Tanaka S, Smyth DJ, et al. Induction of stable human FOXP3+ Tregs by a parasite-derived TGF-β mimic. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 2021;99(8):833-847. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8453874/pdf/IMCB-99-833.pdf
Münter S, Way M, Frischknecht F. Signaling during pathogen infection. Sci. STKE. 2006;2006(335):re5. https://doi.org/10.1126/stke.3352006re5
Chen X, Zhou Q, Liu J, Zhou B, Wu X, Long L. Autoimmune manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis in Chinese patients. Ann. Palliat. Med. 2021;10(12):12699-12705. https://apm.amegroups.com/article/view/86099/pdf
Richards EM, Li J, Stevens BR, Pepine CJ, Raizada MK. Gut Microbiome and Neuroinflammation in Hypertension. Circ. Res. 2022;130(3):401-417. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/epub/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319816
Schoeler M, Caesar R. Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2019;20(4):461-472. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6938793/pdf/11154_2019_Article_9512.pdf
Andújar-Tenorio N, Prieto I, Cobo A, Martínez-Rodríguez AM, Hidalgo M, Segarra AB, et al. High fat diets induce early changes in gut microbiota that may serve as markers of ulterior altered physiological and biochemical parameters related to metabolic syndrome. Effect of virgin olive oil in comparison to butter. PLoS. One. 2022;17(8):e0271634. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9380944/pdf/pone.0271634.pdf
Martínez N, Prieto I, Hidalgo M, Segarra AB, Martínez-Rodríguez AM, Cobo A, et al. Refined versus Extra Virgin Olive Oil High-Fat Diet Impact on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice and Its Relation to Different Physiological Variables. Microorganisms. 2019;7(2):61. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/2/61
Prieto I, Hidalgo M, Segarra AB, Martínez-Rodríguez AM, Cobo A, Ramírez M, et al. Influence of a diet enriched with virgin olive oil or butter on mouse gut microbiota and its correlation to physiological and biochemical parameters related to metabolic syndrome. PLoS. One. 2018;13(1):e0190368. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190368&type=printable
Thaiss CA, Zmora N, Levy M, Elinav E. The microbiome and innate immunity. Nature. 2016;535(7610):65-74. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18847
Müller TH, Mohr H, Montag T. Methods for the detection of bacterial contamination in blood products. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2008;46(7):933-46. https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2008.154
El Mehdaoui F, Benajiba M, Boulahdid S, El Hattimy F, Soulaymani A, Alami R. Skin flora and bacterial contamination of diversion pouch and recovered platelet components in Moroccan blood donors. Transfus. Med. 2020;30(5):384-390. https://doi.org/10.1111/tme.12704
Yamaguchi H, Yamada M, Uruma T, Kanamori M, Goto H, Yamamoto Y, et al. Prevalence of viable Chlamydia pneumoniae in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy blood donors. Transfusion. 2004;44(7):1072-1078. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.04005.x
Thwaites GE, Gant V. Are bloodstream leukocytes Trojan Horses for the metastasis of Staphylococcus aureus? Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2011;9(3):215-222. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2508
Artois M. Epidemiology of contagious diseases, ecology of mammals, health, management and conservation biology: concluding remarks. Rev. Sci. Tech. 1993;12(1):203-234. https://doc.woah.org/dyn/portal/digidoc.xhtml?statelessToken=OVYe2CFPMsTtKSR-E2RufNW54vKLbB-ZjBXuY2AtlkQ=&actionMethod=dyn%2Fportal%2Fdigidoc.xhtml%3AdownloadAttachment.openStateless
Herrera J, Nunn CL. Behavioural ecology and infectious disease: implications for conservation of biodiversity. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 2019;374(1781):20180054. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6710567/pdf/rstb20180054.pdf
Tedeschi GG, Amici D, Paparelli M. Incorporation of nucleosides and amino-acids in human erythrocyte suspensions: possible relation with a diffuse infection of mycoplasms or bacteria in the L form. Nature. 1969;222(5200):1285-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/2221285a0
Mitchell AJ, Gray WD, Schroeder M, Yi H, Taylor JV, Dillard RS, et al. Pleomorphic Structures in Human Blood Are Red Blood Cell-Derived Microparticles, Not Bacteria. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0163582. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0163582
Martel J, Wu CY, Huang PR, Cheng WY, Young JD. Pleomorphic bacteria-like structures in human blood represent non-living membrane vesicles and protein particles. Sci. Rep. 2017;7(1):10650. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5587737/
Païssé S, Valle C, Servant F, Courtney M, Burcelin R, Amar J, et al. Comprehensive description of blood microbiome from healthy donors assessed by 16S targeted metagenomic sequencing. Transfusion. 2016;56(5):1138-1147. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.13477
Cogen AL, Nizet V, Gallo RL. Skin microbiota: a source of disease or defence? Br. J. Dermatol. 2008;158(3):442-455. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746716/pdf/nihms91877.pdf
Funkhouser LJ, Bordenstein SR. Mom knows best: the universality of maternal microbial transmission. PLoS. Biol. 2013;11(8):e1001631. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3747981/pdf/pbio.1001631.pdf
Cook L, Reid KT, Häkkinen E, de Bie B, Tanaka S, Smyth DJ, et al. Induction of stable human FOXP3+ Tregs by a parasite-derived TGF-β mimic. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 2021;99(8):833-847. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8453874/pdf/IMCB-99-833.pdf
Münter S, Way M, Frischknecht F. Signaling during pathogen infection. Sci. STKE. 2006;2006(335):re5. https://doi.org/10.1126/stke.3352006re5
Chen X, Zhou Q, Liu J, Zhou B, Wu X, Long L. Autoimmune manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis in Chinese patients. Ann. Palliat. Med. 2021;10(12):12699-12705. https://apm.amegroups.com/article/view/86099/pdf
Richards EM, Li J, Stevens BR, Pepine CJ, Raizada MK. Gut Microbiome and Neuroinflammation in Hypertension. Circ. Res. 2022;130(3):401-417. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/epub/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319816
Schoeler M, Caesar R. Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2019;20(4):461-472. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6938793/pdf/11154_2019_Article_9512.pdf
Andújar-Tenorio N, Prieto I, Cobo A, Martínez-Rodríguez AM, Hidalgo M, Segarra AB, et al. High fat diets induce early changes in gut microbiota that may serve as markers of ulterior altered physiological and biochemical parameters related to metabolic syndrome. Effect of virgin olive oil in comparison to butter. PLoS. One. 2022;17(8):e0271634. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9380944/pdf/pone.0271634.pdf
Martínez N, Prieto I, Hidalgo M, Segarra AB, Martínez-Rodríguez AM, Cobo A, et al. Refined versus Extra Virgin Olive Oil High-Fat Diet Impact on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice and Its Relation to Different Physiological Variables. Microorganisms. 2019;7(2):61. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/2/61
Prieto I, Hidalgo M, Segarra AB, Martínez-Rodríguez AM, Cobo A, Ramírez M, et al. Influence of a diet enriched with virgin olive oil or butter on mouse gut microbiota and its correlation to physiological and biochemical parameters related to metabolic syndrome. PLoS. One. 2018;13(1):e0190368. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190368&type=printable
Thaiss CA, Zmora N, Levy M, Elinav E. The microbiome and innate immunity. Nature. 2016;535(7610):65-74. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18847
Müller TH, Mohr H, Montag T. Methods for the detection of bacterial contamination in blood products. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2008;46(7):933-46. https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2008.154
El Mehdaoui F, Benajiba M, Boulahdid S, El Hattimy F, Soulaymani A, Alami R. Skin flora and bacterial contamination of diversion pouch and recovered platelet components in Moroccan blood donors. Transfus. Med. 2020;30(5):384-390. https://doi.org/10.1111/tme.12704
Yamaguchi H, Yamada M, Uruma T, Kanamori M, Goto H, Yamamoto Y, et al. Prevalence of viable Chlamydia pneumoniae in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy blood donors. Transfusion. 2004;44(7):1072-1078. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.04005.x
Thwaites GE, Gant V. Are bloodstream leukocytes Trojan Horses for the metastasis of Staphylococcus aureus? Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2011;9(3):215-222. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2508
Artois M. Epidemiology of contagious diseases, ecology of mammals, health, management and conservation biology: concluding remarks. Rev. Sci. Tech. 1993;12(1):203-234. https://doc.woah.org/dyn/portal/digidoc.xhtml?statelessToken=OVYe2CFPMsTtKSR-E2RufNW54vKLbB-ZjBXuY2AtlkQ=&actionMethod=dyn%2Fportal%2Fdigidoc.xhtml%3AdownloadAttachment.openStateless
Herrera J, Nunn CL. Behavioural ecology and infectious disease: implications for conservation of biodiversity. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 2019;374(1781):20180054. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6710567/pdf/rstb20180054.pdf
Prieto-Gómez, I., Ramírez-Sánchez, M., Segarra-Robles, A. B., Suleiman-Martos, N., García-Cózar, F., & Domínguez-Vías, G. (2023). The Thing (1982): A First Prediagnostic Model for Infections and Alterations of Physiology. Journal of Medicine and Movies, 19(4), 345–354. https://doi.org/10.14201/rmc.31185
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