Bombardier Blood (2020): A Documentary beyond the Illness
Abstract While hemophilia was considered a disease that disturbed only the royal families of Europe, it currently affects one in 5.000 and one in 30.000 live newborn males for both Type A and B, respectively. Hemophilia is a blood clotting disorder that mainly affects men due to its character of recessive inheritance linked to X, its main manifestation hemorrhaging that can become fatal if they are not treated correctly. Bombardier Blood (2020) by Patrick James Lynch is a documentary focused on the journey of Chris Bombardier, a hemophilic person whose dream is to climb the seven highest summits in the world, including Mount Everest in the Himalayas. The documentary, in addition to highlighting the medical aspects of this disease, shows the different lifestyles according to their location, the regulations and health systems that govern them, and how these affect diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment.
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Thornburg CD, Duncan NA. Treatment adherence in hemophilia. Patient. Prefer. Adherence. 2017;11:1677-1686. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5630068
Martínez-Sánchez LM, Álvarez-Hernández LF; Ruiz-Mejía C, Jaramillo-Jaramillo LI, Builes-Restrepo LN, Villegas-Álzate JD. Hemofilia: abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico. Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública. 2018;36(2):85-93. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v36n2a11
Batty P, Lillicrap D. Advances and challenges for hemophilia gene therapy. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2019;28(1):R95-R101. https://academic.oup.com/hmg/article/28/R1/R95/5537029?login=false
Franchini M, Mannucci P. Past, present and future of hemophilia: a narrative review. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2012;7(24):1-8. https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1750-1172-7-24
Castillo-González D. Hemofilia: aspectos históricos y genéticos. Rev. Cuba. Hematol. Inmunol. Hemoter. 2012;28(1)22-33. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-02892012000100003&lng=es
Kaadan AN, Angrini M. Who Discovered Hemophilia. Int. Soc. Hist. Islam Med. 2009;8-9:46-50. https://www.ishim.net/Articles/Who%20Discovered%20Hemophilia.pdf
Sossa CL, Solano MH, Wandurraga EA, Jiménez SI, Galvis HD, Pérez CA. Hemofilia y osteoporosis. Med. Unab. 2008;11(3):218-224. https://revistas.unab.edu.co/index.php/medunab/article/view/58/54
López-Arroyo JL, Pérez-Zuñiga JM, Merino-Pasaye LE, Saavedra-González A, Alcivar-Cedeño LM, Álvarez-Vera JL, et al. Consenso de hemofilia en México. Gac. Méd. Méx. 2021;157(1):1-37. https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0016-38132021000700001
Federación Mundial de Hemofilia. Informe del Sondeo Mundial Anual 2020. 2021. https://www1.wfh.org/publications/files/pdf-2106.pdf
Arbesú G, Dávoli M, Elhelou L, Gastaldo S, Honnorat E, López MJ, et al. Hemofilia: Guía de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento. Soc. Arg. Hema. 2017;167-178. http://sah.org.ar/docs/2017/003-Hemofilia.pdf
Gallo S, Castillo A, Villalobos G, Caro V, Arroyo A. Hemofilia, una revisión de la literatura. Crónicas científicas. 2020;14(14):6-21. https://www.cronicascientificas.com/images/ediciones/edicion14/hemofilia.pdf
García-Chávez J, Majluf-Cruz A. Hemofilia. Gac. Méd. Méx. 2013:149(3):308-321. https://www.anmm.org.mx/GMM/2013/n3/GMM_149_2013_3_308-321.pdf
Jayandharan GR, Srivastava A. Hemophilia: Genetics, Diagnosis and Treatment. J. Genet. Syndr. Gene. Ther. 2011;1(1):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7412.S1-005
Acosta-Aragón MA, Álvarez-Mina AR, Velásquez-Paz JC, Vizcaíno-Carruyo JC. Hemofilia B o enfermedad de Christmas. Med. Lab. 2020;24(4):273-289. https://doi.org/10.36384/01232576.336
Srivastaba A, Brewer AK, Mauser-Bunschoten EP, et al. Guidelines for the management of hemophilia. Haemophilia. 2013;19(1):e1-e47. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02909.x
Lázaro Gallardo EM, Monforte Gasque MP. Farmacoterapia de la hemofilia. RSI 2021. https://revistasanitariadeinvestigacion.com/6874-2/
Santiago-Pacheco V, Vizcaíno-Carruyo J. Hemofilia A: una enfermedad huérfana. Med. Lab. 2021;25(3): 605-617. https://doi.org/10.36384/01232576.452
Nuwiq®. Ficha Técnica del medicamento. Agencia Europea de Medicamentos. 2020;1–58. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/nuwiq-epar-product-information_es.pdf
Bussines Wire. Octapharma dona 30,5 millones de unidades internacionales de Nuwiq, su medicamento para el tratamiento de personas con hemofilia en los países en desarrollo. Bussines Wire; 2017. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171121005534/es/
González-Figueroa M, Canales-Muñoz JL, Aguayo-Alcaraz G, Zamora-Vázquez G. Costo directo de la atención médica en niños con hemofilia. Rev. Méd. Inst. Mex. Seguro. Soc. 2010;48(2):199-204. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4577/457745507014.pdf
Johnson KA, Zhou ZY. Costs of Care in Hemophilia and Possible Implications of Health Care Reform. Hematology. Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program. 2011; 2011:413-418. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22160067/
Dalton DR. Hemophilia in the Managed Care Setting. Am. J. Manag. Care. 2015;21(6):S123-S130. https://www.ajmc.com/view/ace0024_mar15_hemophilia_dalton
Ferreira AA, Brum IV, Souza JV, Gonçalves Leite IC. Cost analysis of hemophilia treatment in a Brazilian public blood center. Cad. Saúde Colet. 2020;28(4):5556-566. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462X202028040484
Malhan S, Öksüz E, Antmen B, Balkan C, Kavakli K. Cost of hemophilia A in Turkey: an economic disease burden analysis. J. Med. Econ. 2021;24(1):1052-1059. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2021.1965388
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves First Gene Therapy to Treat Adults with Hemophilia B. FDA. 2022. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-gene-therapy-treat-adults-hemophilia-b?_ga=2.114973063.143553977.1672090191-1507836035.1668040287
Naddaf M. Scientists Welcome $3.5-Million Drug—But Questions Remain. Nature. 2022;612(1):388-389. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-04327-7
Federación Mundial de Hemofilia. Programa de ayuda humanitaria de la FMH: Mejorando vidas en Nepal. World Fed. of Hemo. 2021. https://wfh.org/es/programa-de-ayuda-humanitaria-de-la-fmh-mejorando-vidas-en-nepal/
Martínez-Sánchez LM, Álvarez-Hernández LF; Ruiz-Mejía C, Jaramillo-Jaramillo LI, Builes-Restrepo LN, Villegas-Álzate JD. Hemofilia: abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico. Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública. 2018;36(2):85-93. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v36n2a11
Batty P, Lillicrap D. Advances and challenges for hemophilia gene therapy. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2019;28(1):R95-R101. https://academic.oup.com/hmg/article/28/R1/R95/5537029?login=false
Franchini M, Mannucci P. Past, present and future of hemophilia: a narrative review. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2012;7(24):1-8. https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1750-1172-7-24
Castillo-González D. Hemofilia: aspectos históricos y genéticos. Rev. Cuba. Hematol. Inmunol. Hemoter. 2012;28(1)22-33. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-02892012000100003&lng=es
Kaadan AN, Angrini M. Who Discovered Hemophilia. Int. Soc. Hist. Islam Med. 2009;8-9:46-50. https://www.ishim.net/Articles/Who%20Discovered%20Hemophilia.pdf
Sossa CL, Solano MH, Wandurraga EA, Jiménez SI, Galvis HD, Pérez CA. Hemofilia y osteoporosis. Med. Unab. 2008;11(3):218-224. https://revistas.unab.edu.co/index.php/medunab/article/view/58/54
López-Arroyo JL, Pérez-Zuñiga JM, Merino-Pasaye LE, Saavedra-González A, Alcivar-Cedeño LM, Álvarez-Vera JL, et al. Consenso de hemofilia en México. Gac. Méd. Méx. 2021;157(1):1-37. https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0016-38132021000700001
Federación Mundial de Hemofilia. Informe del Sondeo Mundial Anual 2020. 2021. https://www1.wfh.org/publications/files/pdf-2106.pdf
Arbesú G, Dávoli M, Elhelou L, Gastaldo S, Honnorat E, López MJ, et al. Hemofilia: Guía de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento. Soc. Arg. Hema. 2017;167-178. http://sah.org.ar/docs/2017/003-Hemofilia.pdf
Gallo S, Castillo A, Villalobos G, Caro V, Arroyo A. Hemofilia, una revisión de la literatura. Crónicas científicas. 2020;14(14):6-21. https://www.cronicascientificas.com/images/ediciones/edicion14/hemofilia.pdf
García-Chávez J, Majluf-Cruz A. Hemofilia. Gac. Méd. Méx. 2013:149(3):308-321. https://www.anmm.org.mx/GMM/2013/n3/GMM_149_2013_3_308-321.pdf
Jayandharan GR, Srivastava A. Hemophilia: Genetics, Diagnosis and Treatment. J. Genet. Syndr. Gene. Ther. 2011;1(1):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7412.S1-005
Acosta-Aragón MA, Álvarez-Mina AR, Velásquez-Paz JC, Vizcaíno-Carruyo JC. Hemofilia B o enfermedad de Christmas. Med. Lab. 2020;24(4):273-289. https://doi.org/10.36384/01232576.336
Srivastaba A, Brewer AK, Mauser-Bunschoten EP, et al. Guidelines for the management of hemophilia. Haemophilia. 2013;19(1):e1-e47. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02909.x
Lázaro Gallardo EM, Monforte Gasque MP. Farmacoterapia de la hemofilia. RSI 2021. https://revistasanitariadeinvestigacion.com/6874-2/
Santiago-Pacheco V, Vizcaíno-Carruyo J. Hemofilia A: una enfermedad huérfana. Med. Lab. 2021;25(3): 605-617. https://doi.org/10.36384/01232576.452
Nuwiq®. Ficha Técnica del medicamento. Agencia Europea de Medicamentos. 2020;1–58. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/nuwiq-epar-product-information_es.pdf
Bussines Wire. Octapharma dona 30,5 millones de unidades internacionales de Nuwiq, su medicamento para el tratamiento de personas con hemofilia en los países en desarrollo. Bussines Wire; 2017. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171121005534/es/
González-Figueroa M, Canales-Muñoz JL, Aguayo-Alcaraz G, Zamora-Vázquez G. Costo directo de la atención médica en niños con hemofilia. Rev. Méd. Inst. Mex. Seguro. Soc. 2010;48(2):199-204. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4577/457745507014.pdf
Johnson KA, Zhou ZY. Costs of Care in Hemophilia and Possible Implications of Health Care Reform. Hematology. Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program. 2011; 2011:413-418. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22160067/
Dalton DR. Hemophilia in the Managed Care Setting. Am. J. Manag. Care. 2015;21(6):S123-S130. https://www.ajmc.com/view/ace0024_mar15_hemophilia_dalton
Ferreira AA, Brum IV, Souza JV, Gonçalves Leite IC. Cost analysis of hemophilia treatment in a Brazilian public blood center. Cad. Saúde Colet. 2020;28(4):5556-566. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462X202028040484
Malhan S, Öksüz E, Antmen B, Balkan C, Kavakli K. Cost of hemophilia A in Turkey: an economic disease burden analysis. J. Med. Econ. 2021;24(1):1052-1059. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2021.1965388
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves First Gene Therapy to Treat Adults with Hemophilia B. FDA. 2022. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-gene-therapy-treat-adults-hemophilia-b?_ga=2.114973063.143553977.1672090191-1507836035.1668040287
Naddaf M. Scientists Welcome $3.5-Million Drug—But Questions Remain. Nature. 2022;612(1):388-389. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-04327-7
Federación Mundial de Hemofilia. Programa de ayuda humanitaria de la FMH: Mejorando vidas en Nepal. World Fed. of Hemo. 2021. https://wfh.org/es/programa-de-ayuda-humanitaria-de-la-fmh-mejorando-vidas-en-nepal/
Cevallos-Solorzano, G., Maldonado-León, M. D. C., Cueva-Quinde, A. B., & Bailón-Moscoso, N. (2023). Bombardier Blood (2020): A Documentary beyond the Illness. Journal of Medicine and Movies, 19(4), 303–316. https://doi.org/10.14201/rmc.31027
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