The Vietnam War: A Glimpse through the American Protest Song
Abstract Among all the conflicts that the U.S. has participated in during the 20th century, the Vietnam War has left the deepest wound in American society. After being proclaimed as a war to defend democracy, the American people showed their disagreement with this intervention. American society expressed their unrest through different ways in literature, cinema, or music. The latter showed the concerns of the beat generation, the hippie movement and all those who opposed the conflict through a music genre: the protest song.This paper analyzes the genre of the protest song through a selection of songwriters and their themes as a source, alongside an exhaustive book documentation about the issue regarding specific topics related to the Vietnam War. By using them, we demonstrate how the conflict affected American society during the 1960s and 1970s and how this war was criticized due to controversial topics such as the arms industry, the recruitment or draft, anti-war protestors, and casualties. This analysis provides a portrait of the conflict and its consequences. In the same way, we investigate the subsequent evolution of a genre that, even though it has remained, has languished after a period of hyperactivity.
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Werner, C. (1998). Up Around the Bend: The Oral History of Creedence Clearwater Revival. New York: Spike Books.
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Robayo Pedraza, M. I. (2015) La canción social como expresión de inconformismo social y político en el siglo XX. Calle 14, 10(16), pp. 55-69.
Rodnitzky, J. (2010). Iraq is arabic for Vietnam. The evolution of Protest songs in Popular Music from Vietnam to Iraq. En T. M. Dale, J. J., Fo (Eds.), Homer Simpson marches on Washington. Dissent through American popular culture. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
Schreiber, E. M. (1973). Opposition to the Vietnam war among American University Students and Faculty. The British Journal of Sociology, 24(3), pp. 288-302.
Schreiber, E. M. (1976). Anti-War Demonstrations and American Public Opinion on the War in Vietnam. The British Journal of Sociology, 27(2), pp. 225-236.
Torrego Egido, L. M. (1999). Canción de Autor y educación popular (1960-1980). Madrid: Ed. de la Torre.
Torres Blanco, R. (2005). «Canción protesta»: definición de un nuevo concepto historiográfico. Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea, 27, pp. 223-246.
Vela Delfa, C. (2016). Actividades de imagen en el género discursivo de la canción protesta: un análisis desde la teoría de la cortesía. Analecta Malacitana Electrónica, 40, pp.147-163.
Yang, S., McAdam, D. (2002). The War at home. Antiwar protests and Congressional Voting, 1965-1973. American Sociological Review, 67(5), pp. 697-699.
Zimmer, D.; Diltz, H. (2000). Crosby, Stills & Nash: The Biography. Boulder: Da Capo Press.
Appy, C. G. (1993). Working-Class War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Bordowitz, H. (1998). Bad Moon Rising: The Unofficial History of Creedence Clearwater Revival. New York: Schirmer Books.
Werner, C. (1998). Up Around the Bend: The Oral History of Creedence Clearwater Revival. New York: Spike Books.
Bradley, D.; Werner, C. (2015). We Gotta Get Out of this Place: The Soundtrack of the Vietnam War. Boston: University of Massachusetts Press.
Brown Tindall, G.; Emory Shi, D. (2007). America. A narrative history. Londres: W. W. Norton.
Cortright, D. (2008). Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Crisler, R. J. (2016). This Machine Kills Fascists: Music, Speech and War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska.
De Iturrate Cárdenes, L. F. (2003). Grandes músicos para una guerra. Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Color-Relax.
Fernández Ferrer, A. (2007). La canción folk norteamericana. Granada: Universidad de Granada.
Flory, A. (2017). I Hear a Symphony: Motown and Crossover R&B. Ann Arbor: University Michigan Press.
Foley, M. S. (2003). Confronting the War Machine: Draft Resistance During the Vietnam War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Gartner, S. S., Segura, G. M. (2000). Race, Casualties, and Opinion in the Vietnam War. The Journal of Politics, 62(1), pp. 115-146.
Hillstrom, K. y Hillstrom, L. C. (1998). The Vietnam experience. A concise encyclopedia of American Literature, Songs and Films. Westport: Greenwood Press.
Jones, M. A. (1995). Historia de Estados Unidos. Madrid: Cátedra.
Lebrum, M. (2009). Protest song in France. Franham: Ashgate.
Levine, M. H, Denisoff, R. S. (1971). The Popular Protest Song: The Case of «Eve of Destruction». The Public Opinion Quarterly, 35(1), pp. 117-122.
McMahon, R. J. (2009). La Guerra Fría. Una breve introducción. Madrid: Alianza.
Menck, R. (2007). The Notorious Byrd Brothers. New York: Continuum.
Norman, P. (2008). John Lennon: The Life. New York: Harper Collins.
Noyer, P. D. (2010). John Lennon: The Stories Behind Every Song 1970–1980. London: Carlton Books.
Perone, J. E. (2001). Songs of the Vietnam Conflict. Westport: Greenwood Press.
Robayo Pedraza, M. I. (2015) La canción social como expresión de inconformismo social y político en el siglo XX. Calle 14, 10(16), pp. 55-69.
Rodnitzky, J. (2010). Iraq is arabic for Vietnam. The evolution of Protest songs in Popular Music from Vietnam to Iraq. En T. M. Dale, J. J., Fo (Eds.), Homer Simpson marches on Washington. Dissent through American popular culture. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
Schreiber, E. M. (1973). Opposition to the Vietnam war among American University Students and Faculty. The British Journal of Sociology, 24(3), pp. 288-302.
Schreiber, E. M. (1976). Anti-War Demonstrations and American Public Opinion on the War in Vietnam. The British Journal of Sociology, 27(2), pp. 225-236.
Torrego Egido, L. M. (1999). Canción de Autor y educación popular (1960-1980). Madrid: Ed. de la Torre.
Torres Blanco, R. (2005). «Canción protesta»: definición de un nuevo concepto historiográfico. Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea, 27, pp. 223-246.
Vela Delfa, C. (2016). Actividades de imagen en el género discursivo de la canción protesta: un análisis desde la teoría de la cortesía. Analecta Malacitana Electrónica, 40, pp.147-163.
Yang, S., McAdam, D. (2002). The War at home. Antiwar protests and Congressional Voting, 1965-1973. American Sociological Review, 67(5), pp. 697-699.
Zimmer, D.; Diltz, H. (2000). Crosby, Stills & Nash: The Biography. Boulder: Da Capo Press.
García Martín, J. A. (2018). The Vietnam War: A Glimpse through the American Protest Song. El Futuro Del Pasado, 9, 85–120. https://doi.org/10.14516/fdp.2018.009.001.004
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