Student Women’s Internet Skills and its Relation with the Digital Inclusion: New Digital Divides
Abstract The aims of this research are to know the women´s internet skills, and form different groups of skills of women related with the digital inclusion. To do this, we surveyed 215 Spanish student women aged 20 to 34 using two escales measuring their internet skills and digital inclusion. The findings show four profiles of student women depending on the types of Internet skills and their developmental level (“beginner”, “average”, “advanced” and specialized in e-administration). The skill to create and share content on social networks and skills for e-administration, along with skills to ensure privacy and security on the Internet are associated with a high degree of digital inclusion for student women. The findings showed that the skills for e-administration and the skills to ensure the security and privacy are the most influential in the digital trust. These results suggest the skills to create and share content in social networks sites makes the basic difference between the “advanced” group and the “specialized in e-administration” group. These results raise educational proposals that prioritize skill’s types to improve digital inclusion in other profiles of women and overcoming new digital divides.
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Alonso-Ruido, P., Rodríguez-Castro, Y., Lameiras-Fernández, M., & Carrera-Fernández, M. (2015). Hábitos de uso en las Redes Sociales de los y las adolescentes: análisis de género. Revista de Estudios e Investigación en Psicología y Educación, 0(13), 054-057. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2015.0.13.317
Area-Moreira, M. y Ribeiro-Pessoa, T. (2012). De lo sólido a lo líquido: Las nuevas alfabetizaciones ante los cambios culturales de la Web 2.0. Comunicar, XIX, 38, 13-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C38-2012-02-01
Aviram, A., & Eshet-Alkalai, Y. (2006). Towards a theory of digital literacy: three scenarios for the next steps. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 1, 1-11.
Bradbrook, G. & Fisher, J. (2004).Digital Equality: Reviewing Digital Inclusion Activity and Mapping the Way. Forwards. London: Citizens Online.
Castaño, C., Martín, J. y Vázquez, S. (2008): La e-inclusión y el bienestar social: una perspectiva de género. Economía Industrial, 367, 139-152.
Correa, T. (2010). The participation divide among “online experts”: Experience, skills and psychological factors as predictors of college students' web content creation Journal of Computer Mediated Communication,16 (1), 71-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2010.01532.x
Correa, T. & Jeong, SH (2011). Race and online content creation: Why minorities are actively participating in the Web. Information, Communication & Society, 14 (5), 638-659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691 18X.2010.514355
Eshet-Alkalai, Y. (2012). Thinking in the digital era: A revised model for digital literacy. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 9, 268-276.
Espinar, E. y González, M. J. (2009). Jóvenes en las redes sociales virtuales. Un análisis exploratorio de las diferencias de género. Feminismo/s, 14, 87-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/fem.2009.14.06
Gimeno, M. (Dir.) (2014). eEspaña 2014. Informe sobre el desarrollo de la sociedad de la información en España. Fundación Orange: Madrid.
Greenhow, C. & Robelia, E. (2009). Old Communication, New Illiteracies: Social Network Sites as Social Learning Resources. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 4, 1.130-1.161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01484.x
Hargittai, E. (2010). Digital Na (t) ives? Variation in Internet Skills and Uses among Members of the “Net Generation” Sociological Inquiry 80 (1), 92-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2009.00317.x
Hargittai, E. & Walejko, G. (2008). The participation divide: Content creation and sharing in the digital age. Information,Communication & Society, 11(2), 239-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691180801946150
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Hoffmann,Ch. P., Lutz,Ch. y Meckel M.. (2015). Content creation on the Internet: a social cognitive perspective on the participation divide. Information, Communication & Society, 18 (6), 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.991343
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Kimmons, R. (2014). Social networking sites, literacy, and the authentic identity problem. Tech Trends, 58(2), 93-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11528-014-0740-y
Lankshear, C. & Knobel, M. (2008).Digital literacies: Concepts, policies and practices. New York: Peter Lang.
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Litt, E. (2013). Understanding social network site users’ privacy tool use, Computers in Human Behavior, 29 (4), 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.049
Livingstone, S. (2008). Engaging with media matter of literacy? Communication, Culture & Critique, 1(1), 51-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-9137.2007.00006.x
Martin, A. & Grudziecki, J. (2006).DigEuLit: Concepts and Tools for Digital Literacy Development. University of Glasgow, Scotland, 249-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.11120/ital.2006.05040249
Menéndez, M.I. (2012). Cultura digital genérica. Usos y consumos de las mujeres, Telos 91.
Mills, K.A. (2010). A review of the “digital turn” in the New Literacy Studies.Review of Educational Research, 80(2), 246–271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654310364401
Schradie, J. (2013). The Digital Production Gap in Great Britain. Information, Communication & Society, 16(6), 989–998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.799305
Van Deursen, A.J.A.M., & Van Dijk, J.A.G.M. (2016). Modeling Traditional Literacy, Internet Skills and Internet Usage: An Empirical Study. Interacting with Computers, 28(September), 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwu027
Van Deursen, A. J.A.M., Helsper, E. y Eynon R. (2014). Measuring Digital skills. From Digital Skills to Tangible Outcomes project report. London: University of Twente
Van Deursen A.J.A.M. and van Dijk J.A.G.M. (2010). Measuring internet skills. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. 26(10): 891–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2010.496338
Van Dijk J (2006). Digital divide: Research, achievements and shortcomings. Poetics, 34, 221–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.004
Van Dijk J (2005). The Deepening Divide Inequality in the Information Society. London: Sage Publications.
Area-Moreira, M. y Ribeiro-Pessoa, T. (2012). De lo sólido a lo líquido: Las nuevas alfabetizaciones ante los cambios culturales de la Web 2.0. Comunicar, XIX, 38, 13-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C38-2012-02-01
Aviram, A., & Eshet-Alkalai, Y. (2006). Towards a theory of digital literacy: three scenarios for the next steps. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 1, 1-11.
Bradbrook, G. & Fisher, J. (2004).Digital Equality: Reviewing Digital Inclusion Activity and Mapping the Way. Forwards. London: Citizens Online.
Castaño, C., Martín, J. y Vázquez, S. (2008): La e-inclusión y el bienestar social: una perspectiva de género. Economía Industrial, 367, 139-152.
Correa, T. (2010). The participation divide among “online experts”: Experience, skills and psychological factors as predictors of college students' web content creation Journal of Computer Mediated Communication,16 (1), 71-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2010.01532.x
Correa, T. & Jeong, SH (2011). Race and online content creation: Why minorities are actively participating in the Web. Information, Communication & Society, 14 (5), 638-659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691 18X.2010.514355
Eshet-Alkalai, Y. (2012). Thinking in the digital era: A revised model for digital literacy. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 9, 268-276.
Espinar, E. y González, M. J. (2009). Jóvenes en las redes sociales virtuales. Un análisis exploratorio de las diferencias de género. Feminismo/s, 14, 87-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/fem.2009.14.06
Gimeno, M. (Dir.) (2014). eEspaña 2014. Informe sobre el desarrollo de la sociedad de la información en España. Fundación Orange: Madrid.
Greenhow, C. & Robelia, E. (2009). Old Communication, New Illiteracies: Social Network Sites as Social Learning Resources. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 4, 1.130-1.161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01484.x
Hargittai, E. (2010). Digital Na (t) ives? Variation in Internet Skills and Uses among Members of the “Net Generation” Sociological Inquiry 80 (1), 92-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2009.00317.x
Hargittai, E. & Walejko, G. (2008). The participation divide: Content creation and sharing in the digital age. Information,Communication & Society, 11(2), 239-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691180801946150
Helsper, E. (2008). Digital inclusion: an analysis of social disadvantage and the information society. London: Department for Communities and Local Government.
Helsper, E. & Eynon, R. (2013).Distinct skill pathways to digital engagement.European Journal of Communication, 28(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323113499113
Hoffmann,Ch. P., Lutz,Ch. y Meckel M.. (2015). Content creation on the Internet: a social cognitive perspective on the participation divide. Information, Communication & Society, 18 (6), 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.991343
Jenkins, H., Clinton, K., Purushotma, R., Robison, A. J., & Weigel, M. (2006).Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21 Century. MacArthur Foundation.
Kimmons, R. & Veletsianos, G. (2014). The fragmented educator 2.0: Social networking sites. Acceptable identity fragments and the identity constellation.Computers& Education, 72, 292-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.12.001
Kimmons, R. (2014). Social networking sites, literacy, and the authentic identity problem. Tech Trends, 58(2), 93-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11528-014-0740-y
Lankshear, C. & Knobel, M. (2008).Digital literacies: Concepts, policies and practices. New York: Peter Lang.
Lara, T. (2011). Alfabetizar en la cultura digital. [Mensaje en Blog] Blog Tiscar.com. Extraído el 20 de marzo de 2014 de http://tiscar.com/2011/07/17/alfabetizar-en-la-cultura-digital/.
Litt, E. (2013). Understanding social network site users’ privacy tool use, Computers in Human Behavior, 29 (4), 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.049
Livingstone, S. (2008). Engaging with media matter of literacy? Communication, Culture & Critique, 1(1), 51-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-9137.2007.00006.x
Martin, A. & Grudziecki, J. (2006).DigEuLit: Concepts and Tools for Digital Literacy Development. University of Glasgow, Scotland, 249-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.11120/ital.2006.05040249
Menéndez, M.I. (2012). Cultura digital genérica. Usos y consumos de las mujeres, Telos 91.
Mills, K.A. (2010). A review of the “digital turn” in the New Literacy Studies.Review of Educational Research, 80(2), 246–271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654310364401
Schradie, J. (2013). The Digital Production Gap in Great Britain. Information, Communication & Society, 16(6), 989–998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.799305
Van Deursen, A.J.A.M., & Van Dijk, J.A.G.M. (2016). Modeling Traditional Literacy, Internet Skills and Internet Usage: An Empirical Study. Interacting with Computers, 28(September), 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwu027
Van Deursen, A. J.A.M., Helsper, E. y Eynon R. (2014). Measuring Digital skills. From Digital Skills to Tangible Outcomes project report. London: University of Twente
Van Deursen A.J.A.M. and van Dijk J.A.G.M. (2010). Measuring internet skills. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. 26(10): 891–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2010.496338
Van Dijk J (2006). Digital divide: Research, achievements and shortcomings. Poetics, 34, 221–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.004
Van Dijk J (2005). The Deepening Divide Inequality in the Information Society. London: Sage Publications.
Jiménez Cortés, R., Vega Caro, L., & Vico Bosch, A. (2016). Student Women’s Internet Skills and its Relation with the Digital Inclusion: New Digital Divides. Education in The Knowledge Society, 17(3), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks20161732948
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