Educación Superior y retención estudiantil
Retos de la universidad contemporánea
Resumen Las trayectorias educativas en el nivel superior se ven influidas por múltiples factores que inciden positiva o negativamente en la continuidad de los estudios universitarios. Las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) han adaptado sus prácticas de docencia, investigación y difusión de la cultura para fomentar una experiencia educativa que promueva el éxito de los estudiantes y, con ello, haya un aumento de las tasas de retención. En este estudio se exploraron las experiencias de alumnos del primer año de licenciatura en una universidad de México, con el fin de determinar los factores y las prácticas asociadas a la retención estudiantil. A partir de una perspectiva cualitativa con un enfoque de estudio de casos se realizaron grupos focales a 24 estudiantes, a quienes se les dividió de acuerdo con sus características académicas y demográficas. Además, se recopilaron sus reflexiones sobre sus actividades cotidianas por medio de diarios. Los principales resultados indican, por un lado, que es pertinente hacer un análisis diferenciado de acuerdo con las características de cada educando para establecer estrategias que atiendan factores particulares. Por otro lado, la retención estudiantil es una experiencia integral nutrida por prácticas escolares y sociales previas, así como lo que el estudiante desarrolla como hábitos en sus actividades cotidianas. Finalmente, el proceso de promover la retención estudiantil es una responsabilidad institucional en la que participan múltiples actores sociales y educativos antes, durante y después de la experiencia universitaria (historia personal, continuidad y prospectiva).
- Referencias
- Cómo citar
- Del mismo autor
- Métricas
Alvarado-Uribe, J., Mejía-Almada, P., Masetto Herrera, A. L., Molontay, R., Hilliger, I., Hegde, V., Montemayor Gallegos, J. E., Ramírez Díaz, R. A. y Ceballos, H. G. (2022). Student dataset from Tecnológico de Monterrey in Mexico to predict dropout in higher education. Data, 7(9), 119. 10.3390/data7090119
Bean, J. (1980). Dropouts and turnover: The synthesis and test of a causal model of student attrition. Research in Higher Education, 12, 155–187. 10.1007/BF00976194
Bean, J. P. (1982). Student attrition, intentions, and confidence: Interaction effects in a path model. Research in Higher Education, 17(4), 291–320. 10.1007/BF00977899
Bean, J. y Metzner, B. (1985). A conceptual model of nontraditional undergraduate student attrition. Review of Educational Research, 55(4), 485–540. 10.2307/1170245
Behr, A., Giese, M., Teguim Kamdjou, H. D. y Theune, K. (2021). Motives for dropping out from higher education—An analysis of bachelor's degree students in Germany. European Journal of Education, 56(2), 325–343. 10.1111/ejed.12433
Berger, J., Ramirez, G. B., & Lyon, S. (2012). Past to present: A historical look at retention. In A. Seidman (Ed.), College student retention: Formula for student success (pp. 7–34). Rowman & Littlefield.
Collings, R., Swanson., V. y Watkins., R. The impact of peer mentoring on levels of student wellbeing, integration and retention: a controlled comparative evaluation of residential students in UK higher education. Higher Education, 68(6), 927–942. 10.1007/s10734-014-9752-y
Cowman, S. (1993) Triangulation: a means of reconciliation in nursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 18(5), 788–792. 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18050788.x
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Denzin, N. K. (1970). Sociological Methods: A Source Book. Aldine Publishing Company.
Donoso, S. y Schiefelbein, E. (2007). Análisis de los modelos explicativos de retención de estudiantes en la universidad: una visión desde la desigualdad social. Estudios Pedagógicos, XXXIII(1),7–27. 10.4067/S0718-07052007000100001
Durkheim, É. (1961). Moral Education: A Study in the Theory and Application of the Sociology of Education. Free Press of Glencoe.
Fernández de Morgado, N. (2009). Retención y persistencia estudiantil en instituciones de educación superior: una revisión de la literatura. Paradigma, 30(2), 39–62.
Garbanzo Vargas, G. M. (2013). Factores asociados al rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios desde el nivel socioeconómico: Un estudio en la Universidad de Costa Rica. Revista Electrónica Educare, 17(3), 57–87. 10.15359/ree.17-3.4
Garza-Carranza, M. T., Balmori-Méndez, E. E. R. y Galván-Romero, M. (2013). Estrategias organizacionales en universidades de corte tecnológico para prevenir la deserción estudiantil. REICE. Revista Iberoamericana Sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación, 11(3), 31–37. 10.15366/reice2013.11.3.002
Habley, W. R., Bloom, J. L., & Robbins, S. (2012). Increasing Persistence: Research-based strategies for college student success. Wiley.
Hagedorn, L. S. (2005). How to define retention: A new look at an old problem. En A. Seidman (Ed.), College student retention: Formula for student success (pp. 90–105). Rowman & Littlefield.
Haverila, M. J., Haverila, K. y McLaughlin, C. (2020). Variables affecting the retention intentions of students in higher education institutions: A comparison between international and domestic students. Journal of International Students, 10(2), 358–382. 10.32674/jis.v10i2.1849
Himmel, E. (2002). Modelo de análisis de la deserción estudiantil en la educación superior. Calidad en la Educación, (17), 91–108. 10.31619/caledu.n17.409
Kimchi, J. Polivka, B. y Stevenson, J. S. (1991) Triangulation: Operational Definitions. Nursing Research, 40(6), 364–366. 10.1097/00006199-199111000-00009
Kuh, G. D., Cruce, T. M., Shoup, R., Kinzie, J. y Gonyea, R. M. (2008). Unmasking the effects of student on first-year college engagement grades and persistence. The Journal of Higher Education, 79(5), 540–563. 10.1353/jhe.0.0019
Larsen Garza, E. E. y Ramírez-Díaz, R.A. (2019). Identification of the freshmen students more likely to dropout from Tec de Monterrey [Ponencia de investigación]. 6th International Conference on Educational Innovation. Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
Manokore, V., Mah, J. y Ali, F. (2019). Some factors that influence students’ experiences, engagement, and retention in a practical nursing program. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 65(2), 129–145. 10.11575/ajer.v65i2.56527
Morse, J. M. (1991). Approaches to Qualitative & Quantitative Methodological Triangulation. Nursing Research, 40(2), 120–123. 10.1097/00006199-199103000-00014
OECD (2019). Higher education in Mexico: Labour market relevance and outcomes. Higher Education OECD Publishing. 10.1787/9789264309432-en.
Ramirez-Díaz, R.A., Montemayor-Gallegos, J. E. y Corona-Jiménez, R. (2020). Análisis predictivo de la retención de los primeros ingresos a nivel profesional del Tec de Monterrey usando técnicas de machine learning. [Ponencia de investigación]. 7th International Conference on Educational Innovation. Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
Rodrıguez-Maya, N. E., Lara-Álvarez, C., May-Tzuc, O. y Suárez-Carranza, B. A. (2017). Modeling students’ dropout in Mexican universities. Research in Computing Science, 139, 163–175. 10.13053/rcs-139-1-13
Saldaña, J. (2012). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. SAGE Publications.
Spady, W. (1970). Dropouts from higher education: An interdisciplinary review and synthesis. Interchange, 1, 64–85. 10.1007/BF02214313
Spady, W. (1971). Dropouts from higher education: Toward an empirical model. Interchange, 2, 38–62. 10.1007/BF02282469
Stake, R. E. (2005). Qualitative Case Studies. En N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 443–466). Sage Publications Ltd.
Thomas, L. (2002). Student retention in higher education: the role of institutional habitus. Journal of Education Policy, 17(4), 423–442. 10.1080/02680930210140257
Tight, M. (2020). Student retention and engagement in higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(5), 689–704. 10.1080/0309877X.2019.1576860
Tinto, V. (1975). Dropout from higher Education: A theoretical synthesis of recent research. Review of Educational Research, 45(1), 89–125. 10.3102/00346543045001089
Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition. (2nd Edition). University of Chicago Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226922461.001.0001
Tinto, V. (2006). Research and practice of student retention: what next? Journal of College Student Retention, 8(1), 1–19. 10.2190/4YNU-4TMB-22DJ-AN4
Velázquez Narváez, Y. y González Medina, M. A. (2017). Factores asociados a la permanencia de estudiantes universitarios: caso UAMM-UAT. Revista de la Educación Superior, 46(184), 117–138. 10.1016/j.resu.2017.11.003
Wild, S. y Heuling, L. S. (2020). Student dropout and retention: An event history analysis among students in cooperative higher education. International Journal of Educational Research, 104, 101687. 10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101687
Yomtov, D., Plunkett, S. W., Efrat, R. y Marin, A. G. (2017). Can peer mentors improve first-year experiences of university students? Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 19(1), 25–44. 10.1177/1521025115611398
Zavala-Guirado, A., Álvarez, M., Vázquez, M., González, I. y Bazán-Ramírez, A. (2018). Factores internos, externos y bilaterales asociados con la deserción en estudiantes universitarios. Interacciones, 4(1), 59–69. 10.24016/2018.v4n1.103
Bean, J. (1980). Dropouts and turnover: The synthesis and test of a causal model of student attrition. Research in Higher Education, 12, 155–187. 10.1007/BF00976194
Bean, J. P. (1982). Student attrition, intentions, and confidence: Interaction effects in a path model. Research in Higher Education, 17(4), 291–320. 10.1007/BF00977899
Bean, J. y Metzner, B. (1985). A conceptual model of nontraditional undergraduate student attrition. Review of Educational Research, 55(4), 485–540. 10.2307/1170245
Behr, A., Giese, M., Teguim Kamdjou, H. D. y Theune, K. (2021). Motives for dropping out from higher education—An analysis of bachelor's degree students in Germany. European Journal of Education, 56(2), 325–343. 10.1111/ejed.12433
Berger, J., Ramirez, G. B., & Lyon, S. (2012). Past to present: A historical look at retention. In A. Seidman (Ed.), College student retention: Formula for student success (pp. 7–34). Rowman & Littlefield.
Collings, R., Swanson., V. y Watkins., R. The impact of peer mentoring on levels of student wellbeing, integration and retention: a controlled comparative evaluation of residential students in UK higher education. Higher Education, 68(6), 927–942. 10.1007/s10734-014-9752-y
Cowman, S. (1993) Triangulation: a means of reconciliation in nursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 18(5), 788–792. 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18050788.x
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Denzin, N. K. (1970). Sociological Methods: A Source Book. Aldine Publishing Company.
Donoso, S. y Schiefelbein, E. (2007). Análisis de los modelos explicativos de retención de estudiantes en la universidad: una visión desde la desigualdad social. Estudios Pedagógicos, XXXIII(1),7–27. 10.4067/S0718-07052007000100001
Durkheim, É. (1961). Moral Education: A Study in the Theory and Application of the Sociology of Education. Free Press of Glencoe.
Fernández de Morgado, N. (2009). Retención y persistencia estudiantil en instituciones de educación superior: una revisión de la literatura. Paradigma, 30(2), 39–62.
Garbanzo Vargas, G. M. (2013). Factores asociados al rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios desde el nivel socioeconómico: Un estudio en la Universidad de Costa Rica. Revista Electrónica Educare, 17(3), 57–87. 10.15359/ree.17-3.4
Garza-Carranza, M. T., Balmori-Méndez, E. E. R. y Galván-Romero, M. (2013). Estrategias organizacionales en universidades de corte tecnológico para prevenir la deserción estudiantil. REICE. Revista Iberoamericana Sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación, 11(3), 31–37. 10.15366/reice2013.11.3.002
Habley, W. R., Bloom, J. L., & Robbins, S. (2012). Increasing Persistence: Research-based strategies for college student success. Wiley.
Hagedorn, L. S. (2005). How to define retention: A new look at an old problem. En A. Seidman (Ed.), College student retention: Formula for student success (pp. 90–105). Rowman & Littlefield.
Haverila, M. J., Haverila, K. y McLaughlin, C. (2020). Variables affecting the retention intentions of students in higher education institutions: A comparison between international and domestic students. Journal of International Students, 10(2), 358–382. 10.32674/jis.v10i2.1849
Himmel, E. (2002). Modelo de análisis de la deserción estudiantil en la educación superior. Calidad en la Educación, (17), 91–108. 10.31619/caledu.n17.409
Kimchi, J. Polivka, B. y Stevenson, J. S. (1991) Triangulation: Operational Definitions. Nursing Research, 40(6), 364–366. 10.1097/00006199-199111000-00009
Kuh, G. D., Cruce, T. M., Shoup, R., Kinzie, J. y Gonyea, R. M. (2008). Unmasking the effects of student on first-year college engagement grades and persistence. The Journal of Higher Education, 79(5), 540–563. 10.1353/jhe.0.0019
Larsen Garza, E. E. y Ramírez-Díaz, R.A. (2019). Identification of the freshmen students more likely to dropout from Tec de Monterrey [Ponencia de investigación]. 6th International Conference on Educational Innovation. Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
Manokore, V., Mah, J. y Ali, F. (2019). Some factors that influence students’ experiences, engagement, and retention in a practical nursing program. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 65(2), 129–145. 10.11575/ajer.v65i2.56527
Morse, J. M. (1991). Approaches to Qualitative & Quantitative Methodological Triangulation. Nursing Research, 40(2), 120–123. 10.1097/00006199-199103000-00014
OECD (2019). Higher education in Mexico: Labour market relevance and outcomes. Higher Education OECD Publishing. 10.1787/9789264309432-en.
Ramirez-Díaz, R.A., Montemayor-Gallegos, J. E. y Corona-Jiménez, R. (2020). Análisis predictivo de la retención de los primeros ingresos a nivel profesional del Tec de Monterrey usando técnicas de machine learning. [Ponencia de investigación]. 7th International Conference on Educational Innovation. Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
Rodrıguez-Maya, N. E., Lara-Álvarez, C., May-Tzuc, O. y Suárez-Carranza, B. A. (2017). Modeling students’ dropout in Mexican universities. Research in Computing Science, 139, 163–175. 10.13053/rcs-139-1-13
Saldaña, J. (2012). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. SAGE Publications.
Spady, W. (1970). Dropouts from higher education: An interdisciplinary review and synthesis. Interchange, 1, 64–85. 10.1007/BF02214313
Spady, W. (1971). Dropouts from higher education: Toward an empirical model. Interchange, 2, 38–62. 10.1007/BF02282469
Stake, R. E. (2005). Qualitative Case Studies. En N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 443–466). Sage Publications Ltd.
Thomas, L. (2002). Student retention in higher education: the role of institutional habitus. Journal of Education Policy, 17(4), 423–442. 10.1080/02680930210140257
Tight, M. (2020). Student retention and engagement in higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(5), 689–704. 10.1080/0309877X.2019.1576860
Tinto, V. (1975). Dropout from higher Education: A theoretical synthesis of recent research. Review of Educational Research, 45(1), 89–125. 10.3102/00346543045001089
Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition. (2nd Edition). University of Chicago Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226922461.001.0001
Tinto, V. (2006). Research and practice of student retention: what next? Journal of College Student Retention, 8(1), 1–19. 10.2190/4YNU-4TMB-22DJ-AN4
Velázquez Narváez, Y. y González Medina, M. A. (2017). Factores asociados a la permanencia de estudiantes universitarios: caso UAMM-UAT. Revista de la Educación Superior, 46(184), 117–138. 10.1016/j.resu.2017.11.003
Wild, S. y Heuling, L. S. (2020). Student dropout and retention: An event history analysis among students in cooperative higher education. International Journal of Educational Research, 104, 101687. 10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101687
Yomtov, D., Plunkett, S. W., Efrat, R. y Marin, A. G. (2017). Can peer mentors improve first-year experiences of university students? Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 19(1), 25–44. 10.1177/1521025115611398
Zavala-Guirado, A., Álvarez, M., Vázquez, M., González, I. y Bazán-Ramírez, A. (2018). Factores internos, externos y bilaterales asociados con la deserción en estudiantes universitarios. Interacciones, 4(1), 59–69. 10.24016/2018.v4n1.103
González-Nieto, N. A., & Rodríguez-Hernández, C. F. (2023). Educación Superior y retención estudiantil: Retos de la universidad contemporánea. Education in the Knowledge Society (EKS), 24, e31018. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.31018
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
+
−