Can problem-solving be problematized: performative phantasmagrams of crisis in US STEM education reform
Abstract If we can agree that curriculum studies generally focus on organizing, planning, and arranging knowledge, either in a normative or a critical way, then curriculum history is less about looking at the past curriculum than the historical practices that are entangled in the ways that knowledge is organized. With the turn to performative approach aroused in science studies, this article problematizes the ways «situations» and «problems» embodied in STEM education are imagined and materialized as crisis of future survival through a performative historiography. The article will begin with introducing post-humanist science studies of performativity and Michelle Murphy (2017)’s concepts «phantasmagram» to accounting for the conceptual-material-affective conditions of apparatuses that configure spacetime and stabilize phenomena. Then, it will first draw upon existing scholarship in the history and sociology of science to discuss how the «real-life situation» was invented through US military and scientific experiments that substituted it for the condition of its production during the war and post-war era. Following that, I will explore two experiments (Mintz’ experiment of panic behavior and Spaceship Earth Movement) to examine how the phantasma of crisis was coconstituted with the scientific simulation of collective problem-solving at both micro and macro scales during the 1950s-1970s. Lastly, it will introduce how this phantasmagram of crisis animated the anticipatory curriculum and the pedagogy of problem-solving to prepare American students for global survival in and after the 1980s.
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stem-education/
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Ward, B.: Spaceship Earth, New York, Columbia University Press, 1966.
(Traducción de Elena Patricia Hernández Rivero, Universidad de Salamanca)
Asimov, Issac: Earth: Our Crowded Spaceship, New York: Fawcett Crest, 1974.
Baker, Bernadette: «To show is to know? The conceptualization of evidence and discourses of vision in social science and education research», Curriculum Inquiry, (2017). DOI: 10.1080/03626784.2017.1283593
Bales, R. y Flanders, N.: «Planning an Observation Room and Group Laboratory», American Sociological Review, 19(6) (1954), pp. 771-781.
Bales, Robert Freed y Strodtbeck, Fred L. «Phases in Group Problem-Solving», Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46 (1951), pp. 482-495.
Barad, K.: «Posthumanist performativity: Toward an understanding of how matter comes to matter», Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28(3) (2003), pp. 801-831.
Barad, K.: Meeting the Universe Halfway, Duke University Press, 2007.
Bonneuil, Christophe: «Development as Experiment: Science and State Building in Late Colonial and Postcolonial Africa, 1930-1970», Osiris, 2nd ser., 15 (2000), pp. 258-281.
Botkin, J. W.; Elmandjra, M. y Malitza, M.: No Limits to Learning: Bridging the Human Gap: The Report to the Club of Rome, Pergamon Press, 1979.
Boulding, Kenneth: «The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth», en Holdren, John P. y Ehrlich. Paul R. (eds.): Global Ecology, Readings toward a Rational Strategy for Man, 1971, pp. 180-187.
Bybee, Robert: «Science Education Policies for an Ecological Society: Aims and Goals», Science Education, 63(2) (1979), pp. 245-255.
Chun, Wendy: Updating to Remain the Same: Habitual New Media, Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press, 2016.
Erickson, Paul; Klein, Judy L.; Daston, Lorraine; Lemov, Rebecca; Sturm, Thomas y Gordin, Michael D.: How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind: The Strange Career of Cold War Rationality, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2013.
Fuller, R. Buckminster: Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth, Carbondale, Southern Illinois University Press, 1969.
Hawkhill Associates: Spaceship earth, Madison, WI, Author, 2003.
King, D. C.: International Education for Spaceship Earth, New York, Foreign Policy Association, 1971.
Kuhn, T.: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 1962.
Meadows, D. H.; Meadows, D. L.; Randers, J. y Behrens III, W. W.: The Limits to Growth: A Report for The Club of Rome’s Project on The Predicament of Mankind, New York, Potomac Associates, 1972.
Mintz, A.: «Non-adaptive group behavior», The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46(2) (1951), pp. 150-159.
Murphy, M.: The Economization of Life, Durham, Duke University Press, 2017.
Nasa: Apollo 8 Mission Image – Earthrise, 1968. https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/apollo-8-earthrise [3 de junio de 2019].
National Academy of Engineering and National Research Council (NAE & NRC): Engineering in K-12 Education: Understanding the Status and Improving the Prospects, Washington, DC, The National Academies Press, 2009.
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine (NAS, NAE & IM): Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future, Washington, DC, The National Academy Press, 2007.
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics: An Agenda for Action: Recommendations for School Mathematics of the 1980s, Reston, VA, NCTM, 1980.
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM): Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics, Reston, VA, NCTM, 1989.
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM): Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, Reston, VA, NCTM, 2000.
National Science Board: Educating Americans for the 21st century: a plan of action for improving mathematics, science, and technology education for all American elementary and secondary students so that their achievement is the best in the world by 1995: a report to the American people and the National Science Board, Washington, D.C., Author, 1983.
Nesbitt, W.: «International Education for The Twenty-First Century [special issue]», Social Education, vol. XXXII, n.º 7 (1968), pp. 637-739.
Ngss Lead States: Next generation science standards: For states, by states, Washington, DC, The National Academy Press, 2013.
Noble, D.: «Cocknit Cognition: Education, the Military and Cognitive Engineering», AI & Society, 3 (1989), pp. 271-296.
Orr, Jackie: Panic Diaries: A Genealogy of Panic Disorder, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2006.
Picus, Larry et al.: Teaching Problem Solving: A Research Synthesis, Portland, Oreg, Northwest Regional Educational Lab. (ED 238 875), 1983.
Popkewitz, T.: «The Alchemy of the Mathematics Curriculum: Inscriptions and the Fabrication of the Child», American Educational Research Journal, 41(1) (2004), pp. 3-34.
Romberg, T. y Tufte, F.: Chapter 15 «Mathematics Curriculum Engineering: Some Suggestions from Cognitive Science», en Romberg, Thomas A. y Stewart, Deborah M. (eds.): The Monitoring of School Mathematics: Background Papers. Volume 1: The Monitoring Project and Mathematics Curriculum, Madison, WI, Wisconsin Center for Education Research, 1987, pp. 71-108.
Schoenfeld, Alan: «Problem solving in the United States, 1970-2008: Research and theory, practice and politics», ZDM: The International Journal on Mathematics Education, 39(5) (2007), pp. 537-551.
Schrader, A.: «Responding to Pfiesteria piscicida (the Fish Killer): Phantomatic Ontologies, Indeterminacy, and Responsibility in Toxic Microbiology», Social Studies of Science, 40(2) (2010), pp. 275-306.
Shane, H. y Tabler, M.: Educating for a New Millennium: Views of 132 International Scholars, Bloomington, Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1981.
Shilling, R.: Creating an Engine for Breakthrough Innovation in STEM Education, 2014. URL: https://sites.ed.gov/oii/2014/12/creating-an-engine-for-breakthrough-innovation-in-
stem-education/
Troupe, T. K. y Tejido, J.: What’s the matter with the three little pigs? The fairy-tale physics of matter, North Mankato, MN, Picture Window Books, a Capstone imprint, 2019.
US Department of Education, The National Commission on Excellence in Education: A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform, 1983. https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/index.html [3 de junio de 2019].
US Department of Education, Office of Innovation and Improvement: STEM 2026: A Vision for Innovation in STEM Education, Washington, DC, Author, 2016.
Ward, B.: Spaceship Earth, New York, Columbia University Press, 1966.
(Traducción de Elena Patricia Hernández Rivero, Universidad de Salamanca)
Zheng, L. (2022). Can problem-solving be problematized: performative phantasmagrams of crisis in US STEM education reform. Historia De La Educación, 40(1), 199–220. https://doi.org/10.14201/hedu202140199220
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