The figure of the helper advisor in cases of sexual abuse against people with intellectual disabilities
Abstract In this paper we analyse the main barriers that people with intellectual disabilities who have suffered sexual abuse have to face when they access the Justice system. Regarding these barriers, the Victim Support Unit for People with Intellectual Disabilities of the Fundación Carmen Pardo-Valcarce proposes the inclusion in the judicial process of a helper advisor. The entry into force in 2015 of the Law 4/2015, in 27 April, the Statute of the crime victim represents an exemplary opportunity to ensure the incorporation of support proposals involving the insertion of the helper advisor in the judicial process in cases where the victim is a person with intellectual disabilities. In this paper we analyse the impact of the helper advisor, with particular emphasis on cases that have been dismissed under instruction.
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Anaut-Bravo, S., Arza, J. y Álvarez, M. J. (2014). La incidencia de la exclusión social en los hogares con personas con discapacidad. En M. Laparra, VII Informe sobre exclusión y desarrollo social en España, documento de trabajo 3.3.
Bettenay, C., Ridley, A. M., Henry, L. A. y Crane, L. (2014). Cross-examination: The testimony of children with and without Intellectual Disabilities. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28, 204-214. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2979
Botero, C., Coronel, E. y Andrés, C. (2009). Revisión teórica del concepto de victimización secundaria. Liberabit, Revista de Psicología, 8 (1), 49-58.
Brown, H., Stein, J. y Turk, V. (1995). The sexual abuse of adults with learning disabilities.Mental Handicap Research, 8, 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.1995.tb00139.x
Bull, R. (2010). The investigative interviewing of children and other vulnerable witnesses: Psychological research and working/profesional practice. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 15, 5-23. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466509X440160
Cederborg, A. C. y Gumpert, C. (2010). The challenge of assessing credibility when children with intellectual disabilities are alleged victims of abuse. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 12 (2), 125-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/15017410902909134
Cederborg, A. C. y Lamb, M. (2008). Interviewing alleged victims with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52 (1), 49-58.
Clare, I. C. H. y Gudjonsson, G. H. (1995). The vulnerability of suspects with intellectual disabilities during police interviews: A review and experimental study of decision-making. Mental Handicap Research, 8, 110-128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.1995.tb00149.x
Finkelhor, D. (2009). The Prevention of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Future of Children, 19 (2),169-94. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.0.0035
Gentle, M., Milne, R., Powell, M. B. y Sharman, S. J. (2013). Does the cognitive Interview Promote the Coherence of Narrative Accounts in Children with and Without an Intellectual Disability? International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 60, 30-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2013.757138
Henry, L. A. y Gudjonsson, G. H. (2003). Eyewitness memory, suggestibility and repeated recall sessions in children with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities. Law and Human Behavior, 27, 481-505. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025434022699
Henry, L., Ridley, A., Perry, J. y Crane, L. (2011). Perceived credibility and eyewitness testimony of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55 (4), 385-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01383.x
Horner-Johnson, W. y Drum, C. E. (2006). Prevalence of maltreatment of people with intellectual disabilities: a review of recent published research. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Review, 12, 57-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.20097
Huete, A. (2012). La discapacidad como factor de exclusión social. Evidencias empíricas desde una perspectiva de derechos. Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca.
Johnson, H. (2012). Protecting the most vulnerable from abuse. The ASHA Leader, 17 (14),16-19.
Martínez, M. I. (2012). Abuso sexual en ni-os y adolescentes. Palma de Mallorca: Criminología y Justicia.
McCarthy, M. y Thompson, D. (1997). A Prevalence Study os Sexual Abuse of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities Referred for Sex Education. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 10 (2), 105-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.1997.tb00012.x
Milne, R. y Bull, R. (2006). Interviewing victims of crime, including children and people with intellectual disabilities. En M. Kebbell y G. Davies (Eds.), Practical Psychology for forensic investigations (pp. 7-24). Chichester, WS: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470713389.ch1
Perlman, N. B., Ericson, K. I., Esses, V. M. e Isaacs, B. J. (1994). The developmentally handicapped witness: Competecy as a function os question format. Law and Human Behaviour, 18, 171-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01499014
Recio, M., Alemany, A. y Manzanero, A. L. (2012). La figura del facilitador en la investigación policial y judicial con víctimas con discapacidad intelectual. Siglo Cero, 43 (3), 54-68.
Reiter, S., Bryen, D. N. y Shachar, I. (2007). Adolescents with intelectual disabilities as victims of abuse. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 11, 371-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629507084602
Shapland, J., Wilmore, J. y Duff, P. (1985). Victims andthe criminal justice system. Aldershot:Gower.
Sobsey, D. (1994). Violence and abuse in the lives of people with disabilities: The end of silent acceptance? Baltimore: Brookes.
Steller, M. (1989). Recent developments in statement analysis. En J. C. Yuille (Ed.), Credibility assessment (pp. 135-154). Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7856-1_8
Verdugo, M. Á., Alcedo, M. A., Bermejo, B. y Aguado, A. (2002). El abuso sexual a personas con discapacidad intelectual. Psicothema, 14, 124-129.
Verdugo, M. Á. y Bermejo, B. G. (1995). El maltrato en personas con retraso mental. En Personas con discapacidad. Perspectivas psicopedagógicas y rehabilitadoras (pp. 873-924). Madrid: Siglo Veintiuno.
Bettenay, C., Ridley, A. M., Henry, L. A. y Crane, L. (2014). Cross-examination: The testimony of children with and without Intellectual Disabilities. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28, 204-214. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2979
Botero, C., Coronel, E. y Andrés, C. (2009). Revisión teórica del concepto de victimización secundaria. Liberabit, Revista de Psicología, 8 (1), 49-58.
Brown, H., Stein, J. y Turk, V. (1995). The sexual abuse of adults with learning disabilities.Mental Handicap Research, 8, 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.1995.tb00139.x
Bull, R. (2010). The investigative interviewing of children and other vulnerable witnesses: Psychological research and working/profesional practice. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 15, 5-23. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466509X440160
Cederborg, A. C. y Gumpert, C. (2010). The challenge of assessing credibility when children with intellectual disabilities are alleged victims of abuse. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 12 (2), 125-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/15017410902909134
Cederborg, A. C. y Lamb, M. (2008). Interviewing alleged victims with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52 (1), 49-58.
Clare, I. C. H. y Gudjonsson, G. H. (1995). The vulnerability of suspects with intellectual disabilities during police interviews: A review and experimental study of decision-making. Mental Handicap Research, 8, 110-128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.1995.tb00149.x
Finkelhor, D. (2009). The Prevention of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Future of Children, 19 (2),169-94. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.0.0035
Gentle, M., Milne, R., Powell, M. B. y Sharman, S. J. (2013). Does the cognitive Interview Promote the Coherence of Narrative Accounts in Children with and Without an Intellectual Disability? International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 60, 30-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2013.757138
Henry, L. A. y Gudjonsson, G. H. (2003). Eyewitness memory, suggestibility and repeated recall sessions in children with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities. Law and Human Behavior, 27, 481-505. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025434022699
Henry, L., Ridley, A., Perry, J. y Crane, L. (2011). Perceived credibility and eyewitness testimony of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55 (4), 385-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01383.x
Horner-Johnson, W. y Drum, C. E. (2006). Prevalence of maltreatment of people with intellectual disabilities: a review of recent published research. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Review, 12, 57-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.20097
Huete, A. (2012). La discapacidad como factor de exclusión social. Evidencias empíricas desde una perspectiva de derechos. Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca.
Johnson, H. (2012). Protecting the most vulnerable from abuse. The ASHA Leader, 17 (14),16-19.
Martínez, M. I. (2012). Abuso sexual en ni-os y adolescentes. Palma de Mallorca: Criminología y Justicia.
McCarthy, M. y Thompson, D. (1997). A Prevalence Study os Sexual Abuse of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities Referred for Sex Education. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 10 (2), 105-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.1997.tb00012.x
Milne, R. y Bull, R. (2006). Interviewing victims of crime, including children and people with intellectual disabilities. En M. Kebbell y G. Davies (Eds.), Practical Psychology for forensic investigations (pp. 7-24). Chichester, WS: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470713389.ch1
Perlman, N. B., Ericson, K. I., Esses, V. M. e Isaacs, B. J. (1994). The developmentally handicapped witness: Competecy as a function os question format. Law and Human Behaviour, 18, 171-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01499014
Recio, M., Alemany, A. y Manzanero, A. L. (2012). La figura del facilitador en la investigación policial y judicial con víctimas con discapacidad intelectual. Siglo Cero, 43 (3), 54-68.
Reiter, S., Bryen, D. N. y Shachar, I. (2007). Adolescents with intelectual disabilities as victims of abuse. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 11, 371-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629507084602
Shapland, J., Wilmore, J. y Duff, P. (1985). Victims andthe criminal justice system. Aldershot:Gower.
Sobsey, D. (1994). Violence and abuse in the lives of people with disabilities: The end of silent acceptance? Baltimore: Brookes.
Steller, M. (1989). Recent developments in statement analysis. En J. C. Yuille (Ed.), Credibility assessment (pp. 135-154). Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7856-1_8
Verdugo, M. Á., Alcedo, M. A., Bermejo, B. y Aguado, A. (2002). El abuso sexual a personas con discapacidad intelectual. Psicothema, 14, 124-129.
Verdugo, M. Á. y Bermejo, B. G. (1995). El maltrato en personas con retraso mental. En Personas con discapacidad. Perspectivas psicopedagógicas y rehabilitadoras (pp. 873-924). Madrid: Siglo Veintiuno.
Martorell Cafranga, A., & Alemany Carrasco, A. (2017). The figure of the helper advisor in cases of sexual abuse against people with intellectual disabilities. Siglo Cero, 48(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero2017483749
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