The Geographical Location of Special Education Schools: An Additional Barrier to Inclusion

Abstract

This study analyzes the geographical location of special education schools (SES) in the Valencian Community. To this end, the geographical location of the SES was compared with that of mainstream schools within the same locality, considering the state or private ownership of the SES, as well as their year of construction. In total, 357 schools were included (46 are SES). For the analysis, a distinction was made between (1) localities with fewer and (2) with more than 100,000 inhabitants. In the first case, the distance to the city hall was calculated for each of the schools, using the Manhattan distance unit, and the Cartociudad tool. In the second case, a qualitative analysis of the location of the SES was carried out using the Leaflet library in R. The results suggest that the same criteria have not been followed for the location of mainstream schools as for SES, the latter being mostly located in the peripheries. This location is unfavourable for social inclusion, as it leads to the invisibility of the students of these schools and hinders their social participation. In this sense, newly created SES do not follow the same location patterns.
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