Humiliation and Justice for Children Living in Poverty
Abstract As a matter of justice children are entitled to many different things. In this paper we will argue that one of these things is positive self-relations (self-confidence, self-respect, and self-esteem), and that this implies that they must not be humiliated. This allows us to criticize poverty as unjust and to conclude that it should be alleviated. We will defend this claim in three steps: (1) we will introduce and examine three types of positive selfrelations (self-confidence, self-respect, and self-esteem) and argue that children are entitled to all of these; (2) we will move on to examine the concept of humiliation and argue that acts of humiliating are unjust even if the victims do not experience them as humiliating; (3) finally, we will provide five arguments as to why it is humiliating for children to live in poverty. The five arguments presented in the last section are: (a) poverty is connected to other forms of injustice; (b) poverty is undeserved and represents an arbitrary feature of affected children for which they cannot be held responsible; (c) poverty is widespread among children; (d) poverty is imposed on children because they are part of a larger social group; (e) poverty is an enduring humiliation and not just an occasional incident.
- Referencias
- Cómo citar
- Del mismo autor
- Métricas
ALKIRE, Sabina, & ROCHE, J. M.: “Beyond headcount: measures that reflect the breadth and components of child poverty”, in Minuji N, Alberto & Shailen, Nandy (eds): Global Child Poverty and Well-being, Bristol, Policy Press, 2012, pp. 103–33.
ARCHARD, David, & SKIVENES, M.: “Balancing a Child’s Best Interests and a Child’s Views”, in The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 17 (1), 2009, pp. 1–21. doi: 10.1163/157181808X358276.
BIGGERI, Mario, & MEHROTRA, Santosh 2011. “Child Poverty as Capability Deprivation: How to Choose Domains of Child Well-being and Poverty”, in Ballet, Jéro?me and Comim, Flavio (eds): Children and the capability approach, Basingstoke / New York, NY, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, pp. 46–75.
FRASER, Nancy & HONNETH, Axel: Redistribution or recognition?: a political-philosophical exchange, London / New York, NY: Verso, 2003.
GRAF, Gunter, & SCHWEIGER, Gottfried: “Capabilities, Recognition and the Philosophical Evaluation of Poverty: A Discussion of Issues of Justification and the Role of subjective Experiences”, in International Critical Thought, 2013, 3 (3): 282–96. doi: 10.1080/21598282.2013.818088.
HONNETH, Axel: The struggle for recognition: the moral grammar of social conflicts. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1996.
HONNETH, Axel: “Redistribution as Recognition: A Response to Nancy Fraser”, in Fraser, Nancy & Honneth, Axel: Redistribution or recognition?: a political-philosophical exchange, London / New York, NY, Verso, 2003, pp. 10–97.
HONNETH, Axel: The I in We. Studies in the Theory of Recognition, Cambridge / Malden, MA, Polity Press, 2012.
HONNETH, Axel: Freedom’s Right: The Social Foundations of Democratic Life, Cambridge, Polity, 2014.
LAITINEN, Arto: “Social bases of self-esteem: Rawls, Honneth and beyond”, in Nordicum-Mediterraneum, 7 (2) 2012. http://nome.unak.is/nm-marzo-2012/ vol-7-n-2-2012/45-conference-paper/307-social-bases-of-self-esteem-rawlshonneth-and-beyond.
LESSMANN, Ortrud: “Child Poverty from a Capability Perspective”, in Hart, Caroline, Babic, Bernhard & Biggeri, Mario (eds) 1: Agency and participation in childhood and youth: international applications of the capability approach in schools and beyond, New York, NY, Bloomsbury Academic, 2014, pp. 101–19.
LINDNER, Evelin Gerda: “In Times of Globalization and Human Rights: Does Humiliation Become the Most Disruptive Force?”, in Journal of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (1), 2007, pp. 1–30.
MARGALIT, Avishai: The Decent Society, Cambridge, MA / London, Harvard University Press, 1996.
NEUHÄUSER, Christian, & MÜLLER, Julia:. “Relative Poverty”, in Kaufmann, Paulus, Kuch, Hannes, Neuhäuser, Christian and Webster, Elaine: Humiliation, degradation, dehumanization: human dignity violated, Dordrecht / New York, NY, Springer, 2011, pp. 159–72.
NUSSBAUM, Martha: Creating capabilities: the human development approach, Cambridge, MA / London, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011.
RIDGE, Tess: “The Everyday Costs of Poverty in Childhood: A Review of Qualitative Research Exploring the Lives and Experiences of Low-Income Children in the UK “Children & Society 25 (1), 2007, pp. 73–84. doi: 10.1111/ j.1099-0860.2010.00345.x.
TESCHL, Miriam, and COMIM, Flavio: “Adaptive Preferences and Capabilities: Some Preliminary Conceptual Explorations”, in Review of Social Economy 63 (2), 201 229–47. doi:10.1080/00346760500130374.
THOMAS, Nigel: “Love, rights and solidarity: Studying children’s participation using Honneth’s theory of recognition”, in Childhood 19 (4), 2012, pp. 453–66. doi: 10.1177/0907568211434604.
THOMPSON, Ross A.: “The Development of the Person: Social Understanding, Relationships, Conscience, Self”, in Damon, William & Lerner, Richard M.: Handbook of Child Psychology, volume three: Social, Emotional, & Personality Development, 6., Hoboken, N J., John Wiley & Sons, 2007, pp. 24–98.
WALKER, Robert, Grace Bantebya Kyomuhendo, Chase, Elaine, Sohail, Choudhry, Gubrium, Erika K.,Yongmie, Nicola, Lødemel, Ivar & others: “Poverty in Global Perspective: Is Shame a Common Denominator?”, in Journal of Social Policy 42 (02), 2013, pp. 215–33. doi: 10.1017/S0047279412000979.
WOLFF, Jonathan, & DE-SHALIT, Avner: Disadvantage, Oxford Political Theory, Oxford / New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 2007.
ZAVALETA REYLES, Diego. 2007. “The Ability to go about Without Shame: A Proposal for Internationally Comparable Indicators of Shame and Humiliation”, in Oxford Development Studies 35 (4), 2007, pp. 405–30. doi: 10.1080/13600810701701905.
ARCHARD, David, & SKIVENES, M.: “Balancing a Child’s Best Interests and a Child’s Views”, in The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 17 (1), 2009, pp. 1–21. doi: 10.1163/157181808X358276.
BIGGERI, Mario, & MEHROTRA, Santosh 2011. “Child Poverty as Capability Deprivation: How to Choose Domains of Child Well-being and Poverty”, in Ballet, Jéro?me and Comim, Flavio (eds): Children and the capability approach, Basingstoke / New York, NY, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, pp. 46–75.
FRASER, Nancy & HONNETH, Axel: Redistribution or recognition?: a political-philosophical exchange, London / New York, NY: Verso, 2003.
GRAF, Gunter, & SCHWEIGER, Gottfried: “Capabilities, Recognition and the Philosophical Evaluation of Poverty: A Discussion of Issues of Justification and the Role of subjective Experiences”, in International Critical Thought, 2013, 3 (3): 282–96. doi: 10.1080/21598282.2013.818088.
HONNETH, Axel: The struggle for recognition: the moral grammar of social conflicts. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1996.
HONNETH, Axel: “Redistribution as Recognition: A Response to Nancy Fraser”, in Fraser, Nancy & Honneth, Axel: Redistribution or recognition?: a political-philosophical exchange, London / New York, NY, Verso, 2003, pp. 10–97.
HONNETH, Axel: The I in We. Studies in the Theory of Recognition, Cambridge / Malden, MA, Polity Press, 2012.
HONNETH, Axel: Freedom’s Right: The Social Foundations of Democratic Life, Cambridge, Polity, 2014.
LAITINEN, Arto: “Social bases of self-esteem: Rawls, Honneth and beyond”, in Nordicum-Mediterraneum, 7 (2) 2012. http://nome.unak.is/nm-marzo-2012/ vol-7-n-2-2012/45-conference-paper/307-social-bases-of-self-esteem-rawlshonneth-and-beyond.
LESSMANN, Ortrud: “Child Poverty from a Capability Perspective”, in Hart, Caroline, Babic, Bernhard & Biggeri, Mario (eds) 1: Agency and participation in childhood and youth: international applications of the capability approach in schools and beyond, New York, NY, Bloomsbury Academic, 2014, pp. 101–19.
LINDNER, Evelin Gerda: “In Times of Globalization and Human Rights: Does Humiliation Become the Most Disruptive Force?”, in Journal of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (1), 2007, pp. 1–30.
MARGALIT, Avishai: The Decent Society, Cambridge, MA / London, Harvard University Press, 1996.
NEUHÄUSER, Christian, & MÜLLER, Julia:. “Relative Poverty”, in Kaufmann, Paulus, Kuch, Hannes, Neuhäuser, Christian and Webster, Elaine: Humiliation, degradation, dehumanization: human dignity violated, Dordrecht / New York, NY, Springer, 2011, pp. 159–72.
NUSSBAUM, Martha: Creating capabilities: the human development approach, Cambridge, MA / London, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011.
RIDGE, Tess: “The Everyday Costs of Poverty in Childhood: A Review of Qualitative Research Exploring the Lives and Experiences of Low-Income Children in the UK “Children & Society 25 (1), 2007, pp. 73–84. doi: 10.1111/ j.1099-0860.2010.00345.x.
TESCHL, Miriam, and COMIM, Flavio: “Adaptive Preferences and Capabilities: Some Preliminary Conceptual Explorations”, in Review of Social Economy 63 (2), 201 229–47. doi:10.1080/00346760500130374.
THOMAS, Nigel: “Love, rights and solidarity: Studying children’s participation using Honneth’s theory of recognition”, in Childhood 19 (4), 2012, pp. 453–66. doi: 10.1177/0907568211434604.
THOMPSON, Ross A.: “The Development of the Person: Social Understanding, Relationships, Conscience, Self”, in Damon, William & Lerner, Richard M.: Handbook of Child Psychology, volume three: Social, Emotional, & Personality Development, 6., Hoboken, N J., John Wiley & Sons, 2007, pp. 24–98.
WALKER, Robert, Grace Bantebya Kyomuhendo, Chase, Elaine, Sohail, Choudhry, Gubrium, Erika K.,Yongmie, Nicola, Lødemel, Ivar & others: “Poverty in Global Perspective: Is Shame a Common Denominator?”, in Journal of Social Policy 42 (02), 2013, pp. 215–33. doi: 10.1017/S0047279412000979.
WOLFF, Jonathan, & DE-SHALIT, Avner: Disadvantage, Oxford Political Theory, Oxford / New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 2007.
ZAVALETA REYLES, Diego. 2007. “The Ability to go about Without Shame: A Proposal for Internationally Comparable Indicators of Shame and Humiliation”, in Oxford Development Studies 35 (4), 2007, pp. 405–30. doi: 10.1080/13600810701701905.
Schweiger, G. (2015). Humiliation and Justice for Children Living in Poverty. Azafea: Revista De Filosofía, 16, 57–72. https://doi.org/10.14201/13031
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
+
−