Tecnología y Derecho una mirada al Comercio Electrónico, el Cibercrimen y el Soft Law

Abstract

International law, the e-commerce and technology justify their relationship because, in the specific case of the Internet or cyberspace, does not establish land, sea or air borders. The Internet, therefore, encompasses a plurality of jurisdictions. Within the development of technology, there are new concepts such as digital personality, digital person (user), electronic signature (password), electronic commerce (e-commerce), digital ecosystem, cybercrimes, and a new term called Soft Law. Today, humanity relates and interacts on a virtual planet or cyberspace or, rather, in a digital ecosystem, where e-commerce is a paradigm to be taken into account. This suggests that digital disruption has a presence on every continent and almost every country in the world.

Actualmente, podemos comunicarnos de un continente a otro, de un país a otro con solo tener acceso a Internet y a un dispositivo tecnológico (smartphone, tablet, laptop) y, para ello, no se necesita visa o pasaporte. Sin embargo, dicha cohesión también ha traído concomitantemente la proliferación de ciertas conductas que, a la luz del derecho, no son adecuadas o son ilegales, tal es el caso de los ciberdelitos, los cuales no conocen de fronteras terrestres, marítimas o de cualquier otra índole, ya que se realizan en un entorno digital o virtual. Probablemente, a futuro se crearán fronteras digitales las cuales hoy en día son un noúmeno, con el objetivo de combatir el cibercrimen, lo que generaría también delimitar jurisdicciones digitales y un tribunal ad hoc, instituciones que podrían crearse por medio de un tratado o plantearse desde la academia como forma de coadyuvar a que los Estados logren un consenso, que al final contribuya a combatir los delitos transfronterizos sin afectar el acceso a las TIC. El derecho, igualmente, debe evolucionar hacia el ciberderecho o el derecho digital, el cual dentro de sus ramas plantearía el derecho global digital internacional con el objetivo de crear un derecho originario contenido en tratados o convenios internacionales para regular y garantizar la seguridad jurídica, el tráfico de información, la información personal y la justicia en el actual mundo digital.

Currently, we can communicate from one continent to another, from one country to another just by having access to the Internet and a technological device (smartphone, tablet, laptop), and for this, no visa or passport is needed. However, this cohesion has also brought concomitantly the proliferation of certain behaviors that, in the light of the law, are not appropriate or are illegal, such is the case of cybercrimes which do not know of land, sea or any other borders, since they are carried out in a digital or virtual environment. Probably, in the future digital borders will be created which today are a noumeno, with the aim of combating cybercrime, which would also generate delimiting Digital Jurisdictions and an ad hoc Tribunal, institutions that could be created through a Treaty or, raised from the academy as a way to help States achieve a consensus, that in the end contributes to combating cross-border crime without affecting access to ICTs. The law must also evolve towards cyberlaw or digital law, which within its branches would raise the International Digital Global Law in order to create an Original Law contained in International Treaties or Conventions to regulate and guarantee legal certainty, information traffic, personal information and justice in the current digital world.

Therefore, the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is regard by many as the new industrial revolution, also called Revolution 4.0. This has been evolving since the last decades of the twentieth century and the first twenty years of the twenty-first century causing a «digital boom» with the development of computer programs and cellular devices (smartphones), fueled by the progress of Artificial Intelligence.