The Youtuber Phenomenon and its Transmedia Expansion. Analysis of Youth Empowerment in Social Media
Abstract This work approaches the phenomenon of youth empowerment in social media, specifically YouTube. For this, it studies the reach of the channels of the ten most important Spanish youtubers according to Social Blade, as well as the expansion and transmedia reach of his personal branding. The descriptive analysis of their channels and the latest published videos confirms the use of links to other social networks such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, as well as entertainment content.
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Boyd, M. S. (2014). Participatory framework on YouTube? Commenter interaction in US political speeches. Journal of Pragmatics, 72, 46-58. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.03.002
Castells, M. (2000). La era de la información: economía, sociedad y cultura. Madrid: Alianza
Cayari, C. (2011). The youtube effect: how youtube has provided new ways to consume, create, and share music. International Journal of Education & The Arts, 12(6), 1-28.
Chau, C. (2010). Youtube as a participatory culture. New Directions for Youth Development, 128, 65-74. Davis, S. M. (1987). Future perfect. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley publishing company. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.376
Haridakis, P. y Hanson, G. (2009). Social interaction and co-viewing with youtube: blending mass communication reception and social connection. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 53(2), 317-335. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08838150902908270
Horkheimer, M. y Adorno, T. (1969). Dialéctica del iluminismo. Buenos Aires: Sur.
IAB Spain (2017). Estudio sobre redes sociales 2017 [en línea]. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/JmpfbE
Jerslev, A. (2016). In the Time of the Microcelebrity: Celebrification and the YouTuber Zoella. International Journal of Communication, 10, 5233-5251.
Katz, E., Blumler, J. G. y Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and Gratifications Research. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509-523. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/268109
Katz, E. y Lazarsfeld, P. (2006). Personal influence. New Jersey: Transaction.
Kim, J. (2012). The institutionalization of YouTube: From user-generated content to professionally generated content. Media, Culture & Society, 34(1), 53-67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443711427199
Lin, H. F. (2006). Understanding Behavioral Intention to Participate in Virtual Communities. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 540-547.
Lin, N. (1999). Building a Network Theory of Social Capital. Connections, 22(1), 28-51.
Lovelock, M. (2017). «Is every YouTuber going to make a coming out video eventually?»: YouTube celebrity video bloggers and lesbian and gay identity. Celebrity Studies, 8(1), 87-103. doi 10.1080/19392397.2016.1214608. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.540
Martínez, F. (2010, 9 de octubre). La teoría de los usos y gratificaciones aplicada a las redes sociales. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/KVzjvF
McLuhan, M. y Nevitt, B. (1972). Take Today: The Executive As Dropout. New York: Harcourt Brace.
McQuail, D., Blumler, J. y Brown, R. (1972). The television audience: a revised perspective. En D. McQuail (Ed.), Sociology of mass communication, pp. 135-165. London, UK: Longma. Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6.
Prensky, M. (2007). How to teach with technology: keeping both teachers and students comfortable in an era of exponential change. Emerging Technologies for Learning, 2, 40-47.
Rull, A. (2014, 14 de mayo). Ser youtuber es un infierno creativo. El Diario. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/2EG1PU
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations. New York: Free Pres.
Sabich, M. A. y Steinberg, L. (2017). Discursividad youtuber: afecto, narrativas y estrategias de socialización en comunidades de Internet. Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación, 8(2), 171-188. doi https://doi.org/10.14198/MEDCOM2017.8.2.12
Soep, E. (2012). Generación y recreación de contenidos digitales por los jóvenes: implicaciones para la alfabetización mediática. Comunicar, 38, 93-100. doi: https://doi.org/10.3916/C38-2012-02-10
Sweeny, R. W. (2009). There’s no ‘I’ in YouTube: social media networked identity and art education. International Journal of Education Through Art, 5(2/3), 201-212. Toffler, A. (1980). La tercera ola. Barcelona: Plaza & Janes.
Valkenburg, P. M. y Petrer, J. (2007). Preadolescents and Adolescents Online Communication and their Closeness to Friends. Developmental Psychology, 43, 267-277. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.267
Varas Rojas, L. E. (2009, 12 de noviembre). Imaginarios sociales que van naciendo en comunidades virtuales: Facebook, crisis analógica, futuro digital. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/xxFevp
Boyd, M. S. (2014). Participatory framework on YouTube? Commenter interaction in US political speeches. Journal of Pragmatics, 72, 46-58. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.03.002
Castells, M. (2000). La era de la información: economía, sociedad y cultura. Madrid: Alianza
Cayari, C. (2011). The youtube effect: how youtube has provided new ways to consume, create, and share music. International Journal of Education & The Arts, 12(6), 1-28.
Chau, C. (2010). Youtube as a participatory culture. New Directions for Youth Development, 128, 65-74. Davis, S. M. (1987). Future perfect. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley publishing company. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.376
Haridakis, P. y Hanson, G. (2009). Social interaction and co-viewing with youtube: blending mass communication reception and social connection. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 53(2), 317-335. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08838150902908270
Horkheimer, M. y Adorno, T. (1969). Dialéctica del iluminismo. Buenos Aires: Sur.
IAB Spain (2017). Estudio sobre redes sociales 2017 [en línea]. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/JmpfbE
Jerslev, A. (2016). In the Time of the Microcelebrity: Celebrification and the YouTuber Zoella. International Journal of Communication, 10, 5233-5251.
Katz, E., Blumler, J. G. y Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and Gratifications Research. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509-523. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/268109
Katz, E. y Lazarsfeld, P. (2006). Personal influence. New Jersey: Transaction.
Kim, J. (2012). The institutionalization of YouTube: From user-generated content to professionally generated content. Media, Culture & Society, 34(1), 53-67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443711427199
Lin, H. F. (2006). Understanding Behavioral Intention to Participate in Virtual Communities. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 540-547.
Lin, N. (1999). Building a Network Theory of Social Capital. Connections, 22(1), 28-51.
Lovelock, M. (2017). «Is every YouTuber going to make a coming out video eventually?»: YouTube celebrity video bloggers and lesbian and gay identity. Celebrity Studies, 8(1), 87-103. doi 10.1080/19392397.2016.1214608. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.540
Martínez, F. (2010, 9 de octubre). La teoría de los usos y gratificaciones aplicada a las redes sociales. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/KVzjvF
McLuhan, M. y Nevitt, B. (1972). Take Today: The Executive As Dropout. New York: Harcourt Brace.
McQuail, D., Blumler, J. y Brown, R. (1972). The television audience: a revised perspective. En D. McQuail (Ed.), Sociology of mass communication, pp. 135-165. London, UK: Longma. Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6.
Prensky, M. (2007). How to teach with technology: keeping both teachers and students comfortable in an era of exponential change. Emerging Technologies for Learning, 2, 40-47.
Rull, A. (2014, 14 de mayo). Ser youtuber es un infierno creativo. El Diario. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/2EG1PU
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations. New York: Free Pres.
Sabich, M. A. y Steinberg, L. (2017). Discursividad youtuber: afecto, narrativas y estrategias de socialización en comunidades de Internet. Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación, 8(2), 171-188. doi https://doi.org/10.14198/MEDCOM2017.8.2.12
Soep, E. (2012). Generación y recreación de contenidos digitales por los jóvenes: implicaciones para la alfabetización mediática. Comunicar, 38, 93-100. doi: https://doi.org/10.3916/C38-2012-02-10
Sweeny, R. W. (2009). There’s no ‘I’ in YouTube: social media networked identity and art education. International Journal of Education Through Art, 5(2/3), 201-212. Toffler, A. (1980). La tercera ola. Barcelona: Plaza & Janes.
Valkenburg, P. M. y Petrer, J. (2007). Preadolescents and Adolescents Online Communication and their Closeness to Friends. Developmental Psychology, 43, 267-277. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.267
Varas Rojas, L. E. (2009, 12 de noviembre). Imaginarios sociales que van naciendo en comunidades virtuales: Facebook, crisis analógica, futuro digital. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/xxFevp
Hidalgo-Marí, T., & Segarra-Saavedra, J. (2017). The Youtuber Phenomenon and its Transmedia Expansion. Analysis of Youth Empowerment in Social Media. Fonseca, Journal of Communication, 15(15), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.14201/fjc2017154356
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