Is Self-Expression Chic? Globalisation, Value Change and Convergence in Latin America
Abstract The literature concerning human values change, argues the main factor driving increasing levels of secularization and self-expression is the improvement of material conditions. In fact, studies succeeded to present evidence of the strong relationship between GDP and post-materialist attitudes at the national level. Still, in this study, we demonstrate this relationship is not as strong in Latin America. Based on the theory of mass-elite convergence of values, we argue that the main factor driving value change in Latin America is globalisation and not economic development. With globalisation, attitudes and values hitherto exclusive to the elites became socially desirable and praised (chic) resulting in their massive dissemination. Using data from the World Values Survey, we confirm that variables related to material conditions are the best predictor for secularization and self-expression among Western European countries. However, in Latin America, the effects of economic development are weaker, and the evidence indicates that variables related to social globalisation are more important to explain value change patterns.
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Arrighi, G. (2010). The long twentieth century: Money, power, and the origins of our times («New and updated ed.»-- Cover). London; New York: Verso.
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1). https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
Baumol, W. J., Nelson, R. R., & Wolff, E. N. (1994). Convergence of productivity: Cross-national studies and historical evidence. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/id/10087211
Bonikowski, B. (2010). Cross-national interaction and cultural similarity: A relational analysis. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 51(5), 315–348. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715210376854.
Bourguignon, F., Coyle, D., Fernàndez, R., Giavazzi, F., Marin, D., O’Rourke, K., … Winters, L. A. (n.d.). Making Sense of Globalization: A Guide to the Economic Issues. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/b/lmu/muenbk/20240.html.
Castells, M. (2005). La sociedad red (3. ed). Madrid: Alianza Ed.
Castro, H. C. de O. de, & Ranincheski, S. (2013). A internacionalização da democracia: A universalização dos valores liberais. Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas, 7(1), 116–133.
Conesa, E. R. (1994). Los secretos del desarrollo: Claves para entender y superar el estancamiento de la Argentina de hoy. Buenos Aires: Planeta. 22
Costanza, R., Kubiszewski, I., Giovannini, E., Lovins, H., McGlade, J., Pickett, K. E., … Wilkinson, R. (2014). Development: Time to leave GDP behind. Nature News, 505(7483), 283. https://doi.org/10.1038/505283a.
Deutsch, F., & Welzel, C. (2016). The Diffusion of Values among Democracies and Autocracies. Global Policy, 7(4), 563–570. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12388.
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101.
Dreher, A. (2006). Does globalization affect growth? Evidence from a new index of globalization. Applied Economics, 38(10), 1091–1110. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500392078.
Goedemé, T., & Collado, D. (2016). The EU Convergence Machine at Work. To the Benefit of the EU’s Poorest Citizens? JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 54(5), 1142–1158. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12382.
Goldthorpe, J. H. (2012). De vuelta a la clase y el estatus: Por qué debe reivindicarse una perspectiva sociológica de la desigualdad social. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 137. https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.137.43 .
Gray, J. (2009). False dawn: The delusions of global capitalism. London: Granta.
Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N., & Sturm, J.-E. (2019). The KOF Globalisation Index – revisited. The Review of International Organizations, 14(3), 543–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-019-09344-2.
Held, D. (2004). A globalizing world? Culture, economics, politics. London; New York: Routledge in association with the Open University.
Held, D., McGrew, A. G., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (Eds.). (2002). Global transformations: Politics, economics and culture. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Univ. Press.
De Oliveira De Castro, H. C., Capistrano, D., Ranincheski, S., & Bisong Tambe, E. (2020). Is Self-Expression Chic? Globalisation, Value Change and Convergence in Latin America. Revista Latinoamericana De Opinión Pública, 9(2), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.23132
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