Prosumers Flexibility as Support for Ancillary Services in Low Voltage Level
Abstract
The prosumers flexibility procurement has increased due to the current penetration of distributed and variable renewable energy sources. The prosumers flexibility is often able to quickly adjust the power consumption, making it well suited as a primary and secondary reserve for ancillary services. In the era of smart grids, the role of the aggregator has been increasingly exploited and considered as a player that can facilitate small prosumers' participation in electricity markets. This paper proposes an approach based on the use of prosumers flexibility by an aggregator to support ancillary services at a low voltage level. An asymmetric pool market approach is considered for flexibility negotiation between prosumers and the local marker operator (aggregator). From the achieved results it is possible to conclude that the use of flexibility can bring technical and economic benefits for network operators.
- Referencias
- Cómo citar
- Del mismo autor
- Métricas
European Union Emissions Trading Scheme. 2019. Ancillary services (electricity market). In Emissions-EUETS.com. https://www.emissions-euets.com/internal-electricity-market-glossary/368-ancillary-services
Faia, R., Faria, P., Vale, Z., and Spinola, J. 2019. Demand response optimization using particle swarm algorithm considering optimum battery energy storage schedule in a residential house. Energies, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/en12091645
Gerard, H., Rivero Puente, E. I., and Six, D. 2018. Coordination between transmission and distribution system operators in the electricity sector: A conceptual framework. Utilities Policy, 50, 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2017.09.011
Hancher, L., and Winters, B. 2017. The EU Winter Package. Allen & Overy, February. http://fsr.eui.eu/wp-content/uploads/The-EU-Winter-Package.pdf
Hollinger, R., Diazgranados, L. M., Braam, F., Erge, T., Bopp, G., and Engel, B. 2016. Distributed solar battery systems providing primary control reserve. IET Renewable Power Generation, 10(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2015.0147
Huda, M., Aziz, M., and Tokimatsu, K. 2018. Potential ancillary services of electric vehicles (vehicle-to-grid) in Indonesia. Energy Procedia, 152, 1218–1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.172
Lymperopoulos, I., Qureshi, F. A., Nghiem, T., Khatir, A. A., and Jones, C. N. 2015. Providing ancillary service with commercial buildings: The Swiss perspective. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 28(8), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.08.149
Martin Almenta, M., Morrow, D. J., Best, R. J., Fox, B., and Foley, A. M. 2016. Domestic fridge-freezer load aggregation to support ancillary services. Renewable Energy, 87, 954–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.08.033
Qureshi, F. A., and Jones, C. N. 2018. Hierarchical control of building HVAC system for ancillary services provision. Energy and Buildings, 169, 216–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.03.004
Sasidharan, N., and Singh, J. G. 2017. A resilient DC community grid with real time ancillary services management. Sustainable Cities and Society, 28, 367–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2016.10.007
Soares, J., Morais, H., Sousa, T., Vale, Z., and Faria, P. 2013. Day-ahead resource scheduling including demand response for electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 4(1), 596–605. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2012.2235865
Thukaram, D., Wijekoon Banda, H. M., and Jerome, J. 1999. A robust three phase power flow algorithm for radial distribution systems. Electric Power Systems Research, 50(3), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7796(98)00150-3
Xavier, L. S., Cupertino, A. F., and Pereira, H. A. 2018. Ancillary services provided by photovoltaic inverters: Single and three phase control strategies. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 70, 102–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2018.03.010