Los pacientes del Hospital de San Juan de Dios en el Reino Latino de Jerusalén
Resumen La empresa de construcción y puesta en marcha del hospital de San Juan de Jerusalén expresaba la enorme capacidad de concentración de recursos, así como el protagonismo en la atención médica que poseían los hermanos hospitalarios dentro del Reino Latino de Jerusalén. Sin embargo, y pese a su importancia, se ha discutido el grado de desarrollo médico que la institución efectivamente alcanzó y si los servicios que ofrecía tendían al simple cuidado y hospedaje de personas convalecientes o a la curación de pacientes enfermos. En este trabajo proponemos una relectura de un conjunto diverso de documentos que describen la tarea desplegada por la orden para, de esta manera, lograr una mejor comprensión del carácter específico de esta institución.
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Allan, Nigel. «Hospice to Hospital in the Near East: An Instance of Continuity and Change in Late Antiquity». Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 1990, vol. 64, n.º 3, pp. 446-462.
Amouroux, Monique. «Colonization and creation of hospitals: the eastern extension of western hospitality in the eleventh and twelfth centuries». Mediterranean Historical Review, 1999, vol. 14, pp. 31-43.
Ariès, Philippe. L’enfant et la vie familiale sous l’Ancien Régime. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1973.
Beltjens, Alains. «Le récit d’une journée au Grand Hôpital de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem sous le règne des derniers rois latins ayant résidé à Jérusalem ou le témoignage d’un clerc anonyme conservé dans le manuscrit Clm. 4620 de Munich». Société de l’Histoire et du Patrimoine de l’Ordre de Malte. Numéro spécial, 2004, vol. 14, pp. 1-79.
Beltjens, Alain. «Un commentaire anglo-normand d’une partie importante de la Règle et de quelques fragments de réglementations diverses de l’hôpital de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem». Société de l’Histoire et du Patrimoine de l’Ordre de Malte. Numéro spécial, 2006, vol. 16, pp. 1-123.
Boas, Adrian. Archeology of the Military Orders. London: Routledge, 2006.
Brodman, James W. «Religion and Discipline in the Hospitals of Thirtennth-century France». En Bowers, Barbara S. (ed.). The Medieval Hospital and Medical Practice. London–New York: Routledge, 2007, pp. 123-132.
Brodman, James. Charity and Welfare: Hospitals and the Poor in Medieval Catalonia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.
Bronstein, Judith. «Servus pauperum Christi: los servicios de los Hospitalarios a los peregrinos en el Oriente Latino, siglos XI-XIII». Memoria y Civilización, 2013, vol. 16, pp. 219-236.
Congourdeau, Marie-Hélène. «La médecine byzantine. Une réévaluation nécessaire». Revue du Praticien, 2004, vol. 54, n.º 15, pp. 1733-1737.
Constantelos, Demetrios J. Byzantine philanthropy and social welfare. New Brunswick–New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1968.
Cunningham, Hugh. The invention of Childhood. London: BBC Books, 2006.
DaVIs, Adam J. The Medieval Economy of Salvation. Charity, Commerce, and the Rise of the Hospital. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
DelaVIlle le Roulx, Joseph (ed.). Cartulaire général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem, 4 vols. Paris: Académie Royale des Inscriptions et Belle-Lettres, 1895-1906.
Demurger, Alain. Les Hospitaliers. De Jerusalem à Rhodes. 1050-1317. Paris: Éditions Tallandier, 2015.
Dols, Michael. «The origins of the Islamic hospital: myth and reality». The Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 1987, vol. 61, pp. 367-390.
Edgington, Susan. «Administrative Regulations for the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem dating from the 1180s». Crusades, 2005, vol. 4, pp. 21-37.
Edgington, Susan. «The First Crusade: Expanding the Historiography». En Edgington, Susan y García-Guijarro, Luis (eds.). Jerusalem the Golden. The Origins and Impact of the First Crusade. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2014, pp. 1-7.
Edgington, Susan. «The Hospital of St John in Jerusalem». En Amar, Zohar; Lev, Efrain y Schwartz, Joshua (eds.). Medicine in Jerusalem throughout the ages. Tel Aviv: Eretz, 1999, pp. XXI-XXII.
Hamarneh, Sami. «Development of hospitals in Islam». Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 1962, vol. 17, pp. 366-384.
Horden, Peregrine. «How Medicalised Were Byzantine Hospitals?». Medicina & Storia, 2006, vol. 5, n.º 10, pp. 45-74.
Horden, Peregrine. «The Earliest Hospitals in Byzantium, Western Europe, and Islam». The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 2005, vol. 35, n.º 3, pp. 361-389.
Huygens, Robert (ed.). Guillaume du Tyr. Chronicon, Corpus Christianorum. Continuatio Medievalis, vols. 63, 63A. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1986.
Huygens, Robert (ed.). Peregrinationes tres: Saewulf, John of Wurzburg, Theodericus, Corpus Christianorum. Continuatio Medievalis, vol. 139. Turnhout: Brepols, 1994.
Kedar, Benajmin. «A note on Jerusalem’s Bimaristan and Jerusalem’s Hospital». En Borchardt, Karl; Jaspert, Nikolas y Nicholson, Helen (eds.). The Hospitallers, the Mediterranean and Europe Festschrift for Anthony Luttrell. London: Ashgate, 2007, pp. 7-11.
Kedar, Benjamin. «A twelfth-century description of the Jerusalem Hospital». En Nicholson, Helen (ed.). The Military Orders: fighting for the faith and caring for the sick. Vol. 2. London: Ashgate, 1998.
Luttrell, Anthony T. «The Earliest Hospitallers». En Kedar, Benjamin; Riley-Smith, Jonathan y Hiestand, Rudolf (eds.). Montjoie: Studies in Crusade history in honor of Hans Eberhard Mayer. London: Variorum, 2007.
Luttrell, Anthony T. «The Hospitallers’ Early Written Records». En France, John y Zajac, William (eds.). The Crusades and their Sources. Essays Presented to Bernard Hamilton. Londres: Routledge, 1998, pp. 135-154.
Miller, Timothy. «Byzantine hospitals». Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 1984, vol. 38, pp. 53-63.
Miller, Timothy. The birth of the hospital in the Byzantine Empire. Baltimore–London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1997.
Miller, Timothy. The Orphans of Byzantium. Child Welfare in the Christian Empire. Washington D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2003.
Mitchell, Piers D. Medicine in the Crusades, warfare, wounds and the medieval surgeon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Nutton, Vivian. «Medicine in the Greek World, 800-50 BC». En Conrad, Lawrence et al. (eds.). The Western Medical Tradition. 800 BC to AD 1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 26-27.
Orme, Nicholas. Medieval Children. London: Yale University Press, 2001.
Pringle, Denys. The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem; A Corpus 3: The City of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Ragab, Ahmed. The Medieval Islamic Hospital. Medicine, Religion and Charity. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Riley-Smith, Jonathan. The Knights Hospitallers in the Levant, c. 1070-1309. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
Risse, Gunter. Mending Bodies, saving souls: A history of hospitals. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Shahar, Shulamith. Childhood in the Middle Ages. London: Routledge, 1990.
Touati, François-Olivier. «La Terre Sainte: un laboratoire hospitalier au Moyen Âge?». En Bulst, Neithard y Spiess, Karl (eds.). Sozialgeschichte Mittelalterlicher Hospitäler. Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2007, pp. 169-211.
Amouroux, Monique. «Colonization and creation of hospitals: the eastern extension of western hospitality in the eleventh and twelfth centuries». Mediterranean Historical Review, 1999, vol. 14, pp. 31-43.
Ariès, Philippe. L’enfant et la vie familiale sous l’Ancien Régime. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1973.
Beltjens, Alains. «Le récit d’une journée au Grand Hôpital de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem sous le règne des derniers rois latins ayant résidé à Jérusalem ou le témoignage d’un clerc anonyme conservé dans le manuscrit Clm. 4620 de Munich». Société de l’Histoire et du Patrimoine de l’Ordre de Malte. Numéro spécial, 2004, vol. 14, pp. 1-79.
Beltjens, Alain. «Un commentaire anglo-normand d’une partie importante de la Règle et de quelques fragments de réglementations diverses de l’hôpital de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem». Société de l’Histoire et du Patrimoine de l’Ordre de Malte. Numéro spécial, 2006, vol. 16, pp. 1-123.
Boas, Adrian. Archeology of the Military Orders. London: Routledge, 2006.
Brodman, James W. «Religion and Discipline in the Hospitals of Thirtennth-century France». En Bowers, Barbara S. (ed.). The Medieval Hospital and Medical Practice. London–New York: Routledge, 2007, pp. 123-132.
Brodman, James. Charity and Welfare: Hospitals and the Poor in Medieval Catalonia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.
Bronstein, Judith. «Servus pauperum Christi: los servicios de los Hospitalarios a los peregrinos en el Oriente Latino, siglos XI-XIII». Memoria y Civilización, 2013, vol. 16, pp. 219-236.
Congourdeau, Marie-Hélène. «La médecine byzantine. Une réévaluation nécessaire». Revue du Praticien, 2004, vol. 54, n.º 15, pp. 1733-1737.
Constantelos, Demetrios J. Byzantine philanthropy and social welfare. New Brunswick–New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1968.
Cunningham, Hugh. The invention of Childhood. London: BBC Books, 2006.
DaVIs, Adam J. The Medieval Economy of Salvation. Charity, Commerce, and the Rise of the Hospital. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
DelaVIlle le Roulx, Joseph (ed.). Cartulaire général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem, 4 vols. Paris: Académie Royale des Inscriptions et Belle-Lettres, 1895-1906.
Demurger, Alain. Les Hospitaliers. De Jerusalem à Rhodes. 1050-1317. Paris: Éditions Tallandier, 2015.
Dols, Michael. «The origins of the Islamic hospital: myth and reality». The Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 1987, vol. 61, pp. 367-390.
Edgington, Susan. «Administrative Regulations for the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem dating from the 1180s». Crusades, 2005, vol. 4, pp. 21-37.
Edgington, Susan. «The First Crusade: Expanding the Historiography». En Edgington, Susan y García-Guijarro, Luis (eds.). Jerusalem the Golden. The Origins and Impact of the First Crusade. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2014, pp. 1-7.
Edgington, Susan. «The Hospital of St John in Jerusalem». En Amar, Zohar; Lev, Efrain y Schwartz, Joshua (eds.). Medicine in Jerusalem throughout the ages. Tel Aviv: Eretz, 1999, pp. XXI-XXII.
Hamarneh, Sami. «Development of hospitals in Islam». Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 1962, vol. 17, pp. 366-384.
Horden, Peregrine. «How Medicalised Were Byzantine Hospitals?». Medicina & Storia, 2006, vol. 5, n.º 10, pp. 45-74.
Horden, Peregrine. «The Earliest Hospitals in Byzantium, Western Europe, and Islam». The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 2005, vol. 35, n.º 3, pp. 361-389.
Huygens, Robert (ed.). Guillaume du Tyr. Chronicon, Corpus Christianorum. Continuatio Medievalis, vols. 63, 63A. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1986.
Huygens, Robert (ed.). Peregrinationes tres: Saewulf, John of Wurzburg, Theodericus, Corpus Christianorum. Continuatio Medievalis, vol. 139. Turnhout: Brepols, 1994.
Kedar, Benajmin. «A note on Jerusalem’s Bimaristan and Jerusalem’s Hospital». En Borchardt, Karl; Jaspert, Nikolas y Nicholson, Helen (eds.). The Hospitallers, the Mediterranean and Europe Festschrift for Anthony Luttrell. London: Ashgate, 2007, pp. 7-11.
Kedar, Benjamin. «A twelfth-century description of the Jerusalem Hospital». En Nicholson, Helen (ed.). The Military Orders: fighting for the faith and caring for the sick. Vol. 2. London: Ashgate, 1998.
Luttrell, Anthony T. «The Earliest Hospitallers». En Kedar, Benjamin; Riley-Smith, Jonathan y Hiestand, Rudolf (eds.). Montjoie: Studies in Crusade history in honor of Hans Eberhard Mayer. London: Variorum, 2007.
Luttrell, Anthony T. «The Hospitallers’ Early Written Records». En France, John y Zajac, William (eds.). The Crusades and their Sources. Essays Presented to Bernard Hamilton. Londres: Routledge, 1998, pp. 135-154.
Miller, Timothy. «Byzantine hospitals». Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 1984, vol. 38, pp. 53-63.
Miller, Timothy. The birth of the hospital in the Byzantine Empire. Baltimore–London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1997.
Miller, Timothy. The Orphans of Byzantium. Child Welfare in the Christian Empire. Washington D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2003.
Mitchell, Piers D. Medicine in the Crusades, warfare, wounds and the medieval surgeon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Nutton, Vivian. «Medicine in the Greek World, 800-50 BC». En Conrad, Lawrence et al. (eds.). The Western Medical Tradition. 800 BC to AD 1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 26-27.
Orme, Nicholas. Medieval Children. London: Yale University Press, 2001.
Pringle, Denys. The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem; A Corpus 3: The City of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Ragab, Ahmed. The Medieval Islamic Hospital. Medicine, Religion and Charity. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Riley-Smith, Jonathan. The Knights Hospitallers in the Levant, c. 1070-1309. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
Risse, Gunter. Mending Bodies, saving souls: A history of hospitals. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Shahar, Shulamith. Childhood in the Middle Ages. London: Routledge, 1990.
Touati, François-Olivier. «La Terre Sainte: un laboratoire hospitalier au Moyen Âge?». En Bulst, Neithard y Spiess, Karl (eds.). Sozialgeschichte Mittelalterlicher Hospitäler. Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2007, pp. 169-211.
Greif, E. A. (2021). Los pacientes del Hospital de San Juan de Dios en el Reino Latino de Jerusalén. Studia Historica. Historia Medieval, 38(2), 221–238. https://doi.org/10.14201/shhme2020382221238
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