Cimmerians, Amazons and Greek Art
Abstract In this article we will explain the sources related to the Cimmerian people, their relationship with the Scythian migratory movements to the Northern Ponto region and the relationship of both peoples with the Amazonian myths. The influence of Indo-Iranian societies on Hellenistic art is well known, although diverse interpretations have been offered on many occasions of the appearance of Oriental archers in a lot of pieces of vascular painting. Below we will try to explain these connections between the eastern nomadic societies and the Amazonian mythical stories in the Archaic period, as well as their interpretation in the decorative motifs of Greek ceramics.
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Azarpay, Guitty. Urartian art and artifacts. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1968.
Blok, Josine. The Early Amazons. Modern and Ancient Perspectives on a Persistent Myth. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
Bothmer, Dietrich. Amazons in Greek art. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957.
Braund, D. «Scythian Archers, Athenian Democracy and a Fragmentary Inscription from Erythrae». En Antichnÿi mir i Vizantiya. A special volume in honour of the 70th birthday of V.I. Kadeyev (Kharkov), editado por V. F. Meshcheryakov, V. F. (ed.), 48-56, 1997.
Burney, C. A. «A First Season of Excavations at the Urartian Citadel of Kayahdere». Anatolian Studies 16 (1966): 55-112.
Diakonoff, Igor. «The Cimmerians». En Monumentum Georg Morgenstierne I, editado por G. Lazard, 103-140. Leiden, 1981.
Duncan, A. M. «Bede, Iona and the Picts». En The Writing of History in the Middle Ages, editado por R. H. C. Davis y J. M. Wallace-Hadrill. Oxford, 1981.
Encinas Moral, A. L. Etnogénesis y evolución de la sociedad escita. Madrid: ALEM, 1999.
Frolov, É. D. «Skifÿ v Afinakh». VDI n.º 1 (1998): 135-142.
Gaydukevich, V. F. y S. I. Kaposhina. «K voprosu o mestnykh elementakh v kulture antichnykh gorodov severnogo Prichernomoria». SA. T. XV. S. (1951): 162-187.
Ghirshman, Roman y The?re?se Sonneville-David. Les Cimme?riens et leurs Amazones: le manuscrit R.G. Paris: ADPF, 1983.
Grákov, Boris Nikolaevic?. Die Skythen. Berlin: D. Wiss, 1971.
Harmatta, János. Studies on the history of the Sarmatians. Budapest: Pa?zma?ny Pe?ter Tudoma?nyegyet. Go?ro?g Filol. Inte?zet, 1950.
Henning, Richard. «Neue Betrachtungen zur Geographie Homers». Geograph. Zeitschr. 32 (1926): 290-296.
Henning, Richard. «Die westlichen und nördlíchen Kultureinflüsse auf die antike Mittelmeerwelt». Klío 25 (1932): 1-21.
Ivantchik, Askold. «La légende «grecque» sur l’origine des Scythes (Hérodote 4.8-10)». En Origines gentium (Ausonius – Publications, Études 7), editado por V. Fromentin y S. Gotteland, 207-220. Bordeaux, 2001.
Ivantchik, Askold. «Le dêmos et la polis des Cimmériens dans l’Odyssée (XI, 14): le contenu de l’image épique». Collection de l’Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l’Antiquité (2005), 83-98.
Ivantchik, Askold. «Scythian’ Archers on Archaic Attic Vases: Problems of Interpretation». Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 12(3-4), (2006): 197-271.
Ivantchik, Askold. «Sinope et les Cimmériens». Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 16 (2010): 65-72.
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Latyshev, V. V. Izvestiya drevnikh pisateley o Skifii i kavkaze. San Petersburg: Farn, 1992.
Lebedynsky, Iaroslav. Les Cimmériens, Les premiers nómades des steppes européennes IXe-VIIe siécles av. J.-C. Paris: Errance, 2004.
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Lissarrague, François. L’autre guerrier. Archers, peltastes, cavaliers dans l’imagerie attique. Paris: Rome, 1990.
Mayor, Adrienne. The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014.
Merrills, Andrew. History and Geography in Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Mohen, Jean-Pierre y Gosudarstvenny? ?rmitazh. Avant les Scythes: pre?histoire de l’art en U.R.S.S. Paris: E?ditions de la Re?union des muse?es nationaux, 1979.
Mongait, Alexander. Archaeology in the U.S.S.R. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1961.
Parzinger, Hermann. Die Skythen. Wissen: C. H. Beck, 2016.
Piotrovskiy, B. Vanskoye tsarstvo (The Urartian kingdom). Moscow: Vostochnaya literatura, 1959.
Pisani, V. «Griechische Miszellen, 4: Kimmerier – Kimbroi». En Beiträge zur Ethnolinguistik. Gedenkschrift zum 100, editado por F. Hestermann. Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, 1980.
Porada, Edith. The Art of Ancient Iran: Pre- Islamic Cultures. New York, 1965.
Prusek, J. Chinese statelets and the Northern barbarians in the period 1400-300 BC. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1971.
Rostowzew, Michael. Skythien und der Bosporus. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1993.
Salvini, Mirjo. Geschichte und Kultur der Uratiier. Darmstadt, 1995.
Sauter, Hermann. Studiem zum kimmerierproblem. R. Habelt, 2000.
Sánchez Sanz, Arturo. Ars Amazónica. Estudio de fuentes y análisis comparativo. Tesis doctoral presentada en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2019.
Schiltz, Véronique. Les Scythes. Paris: Gallimard, 1984.
Schramm, Gottfried. Nordpontische Ströme. Namenphilologische Zuga ?nge zur Fru ?zeit des europa ïschen Ostens. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck Ruprecht, 1973.
Skrzhinskaya, M. V. «Geroi kimmeriiskikh i skifskikh legend v grecheskoi poézii i vazovoi zhivopisi VII-VI vv. do n.é». VDI 4 (1986): 84-94.
Unal, Vuslat. «Zwei Graber eurasischer Reiternomaden im nordlichen Zentralanatolien». BAVA 4 (1982): 65-81.
Ustinova, Yulia. The supreme gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God. Leiden: Brill, 1999.
Waterman, Leroy. Royal Correspondence of the Assyrian Empire. Part I. Ann Harbor: University of Michigan Press, 1972.
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Ulrich. Homerische Untersuchungcn = Philologiscite Untersudtungen 7. Berlin. 1884.
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Ulrich. Diellias und Homer. Berlin, 1916.
Azarpay, Guitty. Urartian art and artifacts. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1968.
Blok, Josine. The Early Amazons. Modern and Ancient Perspectives on a Persistent Myth. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
Bothmer, Dietrich. Amazons in Greek art. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957.
Braund, D. «Scythian Archers, Athenian Democracy and a Fragmentary Inscription from Erythrae». En Antichnÿi mir i Vizantiya. A special volume in honour of the 70th birthday of V.I. Kadeyev (Kharkov), editado por V. F. Meshcheryakov, V. F. (ed.), 48-56, 1997.
Burney, C. A. «A First Season of Excavations at the Urartian Citadel of Kayahdere». Anatolian Studies 16 (1966): 55-112.
Diakonoff, Igor. «The Cimmerians». En Monumentum Georg Morgenstierne I, editado por G. Lazard, 103-140. Leiden, 1981.
Duncan, A. M. «Bede, Iona and the Picts». En The Writing of History in the Middle Ages, editado por R. H. C. Davis y J. M. Wallace-Hadrill. Oxford, 1981.
Encinas Moral, A. L. Etnogénesis y evolución de la sociedad escita. Madrid: ALEM, 1999.
Frolov, É. D. «Skifÿ v Afinakh». VDI n.º 1 (1998): 135-142.
Gaydukevich, V. F. y S. I. Kaposhina. «K voprosu o mestnykh elementakh v kulture antichnykh gorodov severnogo Prichernomoria». SA. T. XV. S. (1951): 162-187.
Ghirshman, Roman y The?re?se Sonneville-David. Les Cimme?riens et leurs Amazones: le manuscrit R.G. Paris: ADPF, 1983.
Grákov, Boris Nikolaevic?. Die Skythen. Berlin: D. Wiss, 1971.
Harmatta, János. Studies on the history of the Sarmatians. Budapest: Pa?zma?ny Pe?ter Tudoma?nyegyet. Go?ro?g Filol. Inte?zet, 1950.
Henning, Richard. «Neue Betrachtungen zur Geographie Homers». Geograph. Zeitschr. 32 (1926): 290-296.
Henning, Richard. «Die westlichen und nördlíchen Kultureinflüsse auf die antike Mittelmeerwelt». Klío 25 (1932): 1-21.
Ivantchik, Askold. «La légende «grecque» sur l’origine des Scythes (Hérodote 4.8-10)». En Origines gentium (Ausonius – Publications, Études 7), editado por V. Fromentin y S. Gotteland, 207-220. Bordeaux, 2001.
Ivantchik, Askold. «Le dêmos et la polis des Cimmériens dans l’Odyssée (XI, 14): le contenu de l’image épique». Collection de l’Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l’Antiquité (2005), 83-98.
Ivantchik, Askold. «Scythian’ Archers on Archaic Attic Vases: Problems of Interpretation». Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 12(3-4), (2006): 197-271.
Ivantchik, Askold. «Sinope et les Cimmériens». Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 16 (2010): 65-72.
Jacobson, Esther. The art of the Scythians: the interpenetration of cultures at the edge of the Hellenic world. New York: E. J. Brill, 1995.
Kirchhoff, Adolf. Die Homerische Odyssee 2. Hildesheim: Olms Verlag, 1879.
Kristensen, Anne. Who were the Cimmerians, and where did they come from? Sargon 11, the Cimmerians, and Rusa l. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1988.
Latyshev, V. V. Izvestiya drevnikh pisateley o Skifii i kavkaze. San Petersburg: Farn, 1992.
Lebedynsky, Iaroslav. Les Cimmériens, Les premiers nómades des steppes européennes IXe-VIIe siécles av. J.-C. Paris: Errance, 2004.
Lebedynsky, Iaroslav. De L’epee scythe au sabre mongol. Les armes blandes des nómades de la steppe. IXe siècle avant J.-C. - XIXe siècle après J.-C. Paris: Errance, 2008.
Lissarrague, François. L’autre guerrier. Archers, peltastes, cavaliers dans l’imagerie attique. Paris: Rome, 1990.
Mayor, Adrienne. The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014.
Merrills, Andrew. History and Geography in Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Mohen, Jean-Pierre y Gosudarstvenny? ?rmitazh. Avant les Scythes: pre?histoire de l’art en U.R.S.S. Paris: E?ditions de la Re?union des muse?es nationaux, 1979.
Mongait, Alexander. Archaeology in the U.S.S.R. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1961.
Parzinger, Hermann. Die Skythen. Wissen: C. H. Beck, 2016.
Piotrovskiy, B. Vanskoye tsarstvo (The Urartian kingdom). Moscow: Vostochnaya literatura, 1959.
Pisani, V. «Griechische Miszellen, 4: Kimmerier – Kimbroi». En Beiträge zur Ethnolinguistik. Gedenkschrift zum 100, editado por F. Hestermann. Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, 1980.
Porada, Edith. The Art of Ancient Iran: Pre- Islamic Cultures. New York, 1965.
Prusek, J. Chinese statelets and the Northern barbarians in the period 1400-300 BC. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1971.
Rostowzew, Michael. Skythien und der Bosporus. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1993.
Salvini, Mirjo. Geschichte und Kultur der Uratiier. Darmstadt, 1995.
Sauter, Hermann. Studiem zum kimmerierproblem. R. Habelt, 2000.
Sánchez Sanz, Arturo. Ars Amazónica. Estudio de fuentes y análisis comparativo. Tesis doctoral presentada en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2019.
Schiltz, Véronique. Les Scythes. Paris: Gallimard, 1984.
Schramm, Gottfried. Nordpontische Ströme. Namenphilologische Zuga ?nge zur Fru ?zeit des europa ïschen Ostens. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck Ruprecht, 1973.
Skrzhinskaya, M. V. «Geroi kimmeriiskikh i skifskikh legend v grecheskoi poézii i vazovoi zhivopisi VII-VI vv. do n.é». VDI 4 (1986): 84-94.
Unal, Vuslat. «Zwei Graber eurasischer Reiternomaden im nordlichen Zentralanatolien». BAVA 4 (1982): 65-81.
Ustinova, Yulia. The supreme gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God. Leiden: Brill, 1999.
Waterman, Leroy. Royal Correspondence of the Assyrian Empire. Part I. Ann Harbor: University of Michigan Press, 1972.
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Ulrich. Homerische Untersuchungcn = Philologiscite Untersudtungen 7. Berlin. 1884.
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Ulrich. Diellias und Homer. Berlin, 1916.
Sánchez Sanz, A. (2021). Cimmerians, Amazons and Greek Art. Studia Historica. Historia Antigua, 39, 5–26. https://doi.org/10.14201/shha202139526
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