The Role of the Roman Navy in the Second Punic War
Abstract Despite the vast amount of modern research concerning the Second Punic War, the role the Roman navy played has been largely ignored. Instead, nearly all studies focus on the large-scale infantry engagements featuring Hannibal the Carthaginian general versus the leaders of the Roman Republic. This study aims to address this lacuna by highlighting the Roman navy’s role in the long-term victory over Carthage. An analysis of ancient ships and warfare strategies reveals that there were many limitations which hindered the ability of a fleet from operating along coastlines lacking friendly port cities. Due to a combination of geography, strategy and success in battle Rome was consistently able to exploit these limitations at Carthaginian expense. The implication being that the efforts of the navy were a significant factor in the eventual Roman victory.
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Macdonald, E. 2015. Hannibal: A Hellenistic Life. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Morrison, J.S. and J.F. Coates. 1996. Greek and Roman Oared Warships. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
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Steinby, C. 2007. The Roman Republican Navy: from the Sixth Century to 167 B.C. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica.
Steinby, C. 2014. Rome Versus Carthage: The War at Sea. South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Maritime.
Thiel, J.H. 1946. Studies on the History of Roman Sea-Power in Republican Times. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.
Thiel, J.H. 1954. A History of Roman Sea-Power Before the Second Punic War. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.
Dart, C.J. 2009. Review of The Roman Republican Navy: From the Sixth Century to 167 B.C., by C.J. Dart. BMCR 4:31.
Dart, C.J. 2012. "Duumuiri Nauales and the Navy of the Roman Republic." Latomus 71.4: 1000-1014.
Dart, C.J. and F.J. Vervaet. 2011. "The Significance of the Naval Triumph in Roman History (260-29 BCE)." ZPE 176:267-280.
Fronda, M.P. 2010. Between Rome and Carthage: Southern Italy during the Second Punic War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. - https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511750830
Hoyos, D. 2015. Mastering the West. A History of the Punic Wars. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hoyos, D., ed. 2011. A Companion to the Punic Wars. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell. - https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444393712
Lazenby, J.F. 1978. Hannibal's War: A Military History of the Second Punic War. Warminster: Aris and Phillips.
Levene, D.S. 2010. Livy on the Hannibalic War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. - https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198152958.001.0001
Macdonald, E. 2015. Hannibal: A Hellenistic Life. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Morrison, J.S. and J.F. Coates. 1996. Greek and Roman Oared Warships. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
Pitassi, M. 2011. Roman Warships. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
Rankov, B. 1996. "The Second Punic War at Sea." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 41.67:49-57. - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.1996.tb01913.x
Rosenstein, N.S. 2012. Rome and the Mediterranean 290 to 146 BC: The Imperial Republic. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Smith, W., ed. 1867. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
Steinby, C. 2004. "War at Sea in the Second Punic War." Ancient Society 34: 77-114. - https://doi.org/10.2143/AS.34.0.505236
Steinby, C. 2007. The Roman Republican Navy: from the Sixth Century to 167 B.C. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica.
Steinby, C. 2014. Rome Versus Carthage: The War at Sea. South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Maritime.
Thiel, J.H. 1946. Studies on the History of Roman Sea-Power in Republican Times. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.
Thiel, J.H. 1954. A History of Roman Sea-Power Before the Second Punic War. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.
Elliott, A. M. (2018). The Role of the Roman Navy in the Second Punic War. Studia Historica. Historia Antigua, 36, 5–29. https://doi.org/10.14201/shha201836529
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