Augustus and the Cult of the Emperor
Abstract Faced with the worship of the ruler in the Greek east, Augustus could do little more that regulate a practice that had already existed over three centuries. His problem in Rome, in contrast, was to adapt the cult of the ruler required by contemporary practice to the usage of the Republic in such as way as to distance himself from Caesar, whose indiscretion had produced his untimely death. The system he hit upon was to emphasize Republican forms, key abstractions, and the worship of state gods closely connected with his rule: in other words to establish the cult of the emperor by other then direct means. In the Latin west in contrast he was free to shape the ruler cult as he chose. His principal contribution here was to establish regional centres at Lugdunum and elsewhere for the worship of Roma and Augustus, a prescription originally laid down for nonRomans in the Greek east. Sharply to be distinguished from this is the altar of Augustus at Tarraco reported by Quintilian. This can only be municipal, not the foundation monument of the provincial cult of Hispania citerior, which began only after the emperor’s death and dei?cation.
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ALFÖLDY, G.: «Tarraco». RE Suppl. 15. Berlin, 1978, pp. 570-644.
ALFÖLDY, G.: «In omnes provincias exemplum. Hispanien und das Imperium Romanum» in URSO, G. (ed.): Hispania Terris Omnibus Felicior. Premesse ed esiti di un processo di integrazione (Atti del convegno internazionale, Cividale del Friuli, 27-29 settembre 2001). Pisa, 2002, pp. 183-99.
BEARD, M., NORTH, J., PRICE, S.: Religions of Rome. 1-2, Cambridge, 1998.
ÉTIENNE, R.: Le Culte impérial dans la péninsule ibérique d’Auguste à Dioclétien (BEFAR 191). Paris, 1958.
FERNÁNDEZ OCHOA, C., MORILLO CERDÁN, A.: «El Convento Araugustano y las Aras Sestianas: re?exiones sobre la primera organización», Latomus 61, 2002, pp. 666-695. FISHWICK, D.: «The Altar of Augustus and the Municipal Cult of Tarraco», MDAI(M) 23, 1982, pp. 222-33.
FISHWICK, D.: «L’autel des Trois Gaules: le témoignage des monnaies», Bulletin de la Société Nationale des Antiquaires de France, 1986, pp. 90-111.
FISHWICK, D.: The Imperial Cult in the Latin West (M. J. Vermaseren [ed.], Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l’empire romain [EPRO] 108). Leiden, 1987.
FISHWICK, D.: The Imperial Cult in the Latin West (EPRO 108). 2, l. Leiden, 1991.
FISHWICK, D.: «Four Temples at Tarraco» in SMALL, A. M. (ed.): Subject and Ruler: The Cult of the Ruling Power in Classical Antiquity (JRA Suppl. 17). Ann Arbor, 1997, 165-184.
FISHWICK, D.: The Imperial Cult in the Latin West (H. S. Versnel, R. van den Broek [eds.], Religions in the Graeco-Roman World [RGRW 145]), Provincial Ruler Cult: Institution and Evolution. 3, 1. Leiden, 2002a.
FISHWICK, D.: The Imperial Cult in the Latin West (H. S. Versnel, R. van den Broek [eds.], Religions in the Graeco-Roman World [RGRW 146]), Provincial Ruler Cult: Institution and Evolution. 3, 2. Leiden, 2002b.
FISHWICK, D.: The Imperial Cult in the Latin West (RGRW 147), Provincial Ruler Cult: The Provincial Centre; Provincial Cult. 3, 3. Leiden, 2004.
FISHWICK, D.: The Imperial Cult in the Latin West (RGRW 148), Provincial Ruler Cult: The Provincial Centre; Provincial Cult. 3, 4. Leiden, 2005.
FISHWICK, D.: «The Dedication of the Ara Trium Galliarum», Latomus 55, 1996, 87100.
FISHWICK, D.: «Numen Augustum», ZPE, 2007, 160, 247-255.
FISHWICK, D.: «A Critical Assessment: On the Imperial Cult in Religions of Rome», RST 28, 2009, 129-174.
FISHWICK, D.: «The Status and Location of the Altar of Augustus at Tarraco,» Phoenix 69, 2015, forthcoming.
GRADEL, I.: Emperor Worship and Roman Religion. Oxford, 2002.
LIERTZ, U.-M.: Kult und Kaiser. Studien zu Kaiserkult und Kaiserverehrung in den germanischen Provinzen und Gallia Belgica zur römischen Kaiserzeit (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae 20). Rome, 1998.
MAR R., RUIZ DE ARBULO J., VIVÓ D., BELTRÁN-CABALLERO J. A.: Tarraco. Arquitectura y urbanismo de una capital provincial romana; Documents d’Arqueologia Clàssica. 5, 1, Tarragona, 2012.
ALFÖLDY, G.: «In omnes provincias exemplum. Hispanien und das Imperium Romanum» in URSO, G. (ed.): Hispania Terris Omnibus Felicior. Premesse ed esiti di un processo di integrazione (Atti del convegno internazionale, Cividale del Friuli, 27-29 settembre 2001). Pisa, 2002, pp. 183-99.
BEARD, M., NORTH, J., PRICE, S.: Religions of Rome. 1-2, Cambridge, 1998.
ÉTIENNE, R.: Le Culte impérial dans la péninsule ibérique d’Auguste à Dioclétien (BEFAR 191). Paris, 1958.
FERNÁNDEZ OCHOA, C., MORILLO CERDÁN, A.: «El Convento Araugustano y las Aras Sestianas: re?exiones sobre la primera organización», Latomus 61, 2002, pp. 666-695. FISHWICK, D.: «The Altar of Augustus and the Municipal Cult of Tarraco», MDAI(M) 23, 1982, pp. 222-33.
FISHWICK, D.: «L’autel des Trois Gaules: le témoignage des monnaies», Bulletin de la Société Nationale des Antiquaires de France, 1986, pp. 90-111.
FISHWICK, D.: The Imperial Cult in the Latin West (M. J. Vermaseren [ed.], Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l’empire romain [EPRO] 108). Leiden, 1987.
FISHWICK, D.: The Imperial Cult in the Latin West (EPRO 108). 2, l. Leiden, 1991.
FISHWICK, D.: «Four Temples at Tarraco» in SMALL, A. M. (ed.): Subject and Ruler: The Cult of the Ruling Power in Classical Antiquity (JRA Suppl. 17). Ann Arbor, 1997, 165-184.
FISHWICK, D.: The Imperial Cult in the Latin West (H. S. Versnel, R. van den Broek [eds.], Religions in the Graeco-Roman World [RGRW 145]), Provincial Ruler Cult: Institution and Evolution. 3, 1. Leiden, 2002a.
FISHWICK, D.: The Imperial Cult in the Latin West (H. S. Versnel, R. van den Broek [eds.], Religions in the Graeco-Roman World [RGRW 146]), Provincial Ruler Cult: Institution and Evolution. 3, 2. Leiden, 2002b.
FISHWICK, D.: The Imperial Cult in the Latin West (RGRW 147), Provincial Ruler Cult: The Provincial Centre; Provincial Cult. 3, 3. Leiden, 2004.
FISHWICK, D.: The Imperial Cult in the Latin West (RGRW 148), Provincial Ruler Cult: The Provincial Centre; Provincial Cult. 3, 4. Leiden, 2005.
FISHWICK, D.: «The Dedication of the Ara Trium Galliarum», Latomus 55, 1996, 87100.
FISHWICK, D.: «Numen Augustum», ZPE, 2007, 160, 247-255.
FISHWICK, D.: «A Critical Assessment: On the Imperial Cult in Religions of Rome», RST 28, 2009, 129-174.
FISHWICK, D.: «The Status and Location of the Altar of Augustus at Tarraco,» Phoenix 69, 2015, forthcoming.
GRADEL, I.: Emperor Worship and Roman Religion. Oxford, 2002.
LIERTZ, U.-M.: Kult und Kaiser. Studien zu Kaiserkult und Kaiserverehrung in den germanischen Provinzen und Gallia Belgica zur römischen Kaiserzeit (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae 20). Rome, 1998.
MAR R., RUIZ DE ARBULO J., VIVÓ D., BELTRÁN-CABALLERO J. A.: Tarraco. Arquitectura y urbanismo de una capital provincial romana; Documents d’Arqueologia Clàssica. 5, 1, Tarragona, 2012.
Fishwick, D. (2014). Augustus and the Cult of the Emperor. Studia Historica. Historia Antigua, 32, 47–60. Retrieved from https://revistas.usal.es/uno/index.php/0213-2052/article/view/12611
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