Arqueología del buceo en apnea: Un estudio fundacional
Resumen Este estudio explora la presencia de buceadores en los registros arqueológicos de la cuenca mediterránea. Las pruebas directas del buceo son escasas, lo que ha contribuido a ocultar su presencia en los estudios académicos. Aunque se han conservado referencias a los buceadores en el registro literario, no se ha intentado relacionar estas informaciones con el registro arqueológico. Aplicando un nuevo marco teórico que hace hincapié en la etnografía y la arqueología experimental, este estudio consigue vincular varios artefactos mal identificados con el trabajo de los buceadores, un primer paso hacia una mejor comprensión del importante papel que desempeñaron en la economía de sus comunidades.
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Aeschines. Speeches: Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1919.
Alfaro Giner, Carmen. “Fishing Nets in the Ancient World: The Historical and Archaeological Evidence”. In Ancient Nets and Fishing Gear. Proceedings of the International Workshop on “Nets and Fishing Gear in Classical Antiquity: A First Approach” Cadiz, November 15–17, 2007, edited by Tonnes Bekker-Nielsen and Darío Bernal Casasola, 54–81. Cadiz and Aarhus: Cadiz University and Aarhus Univ. Press, 2010.
Andreae, Bernard, Karin Rhein, and Bucerius Kunst Forum, eds. Kleopatra Und Die Caesaren: Eine Ausstellung Des Bucerius Kunst Forums, 28. Oktober 2006 Bis 4. Februar 2007 (Publikationen Des Bucerius Kunst Forums). München: Hirmer, 2006.
Aristotle. Problems, Volume I: Books 1–19. Translated by Robert Mayhew. Cambridge, Mass, 2011.
Aristotle, A.L. Peck, and E.S. Forster. Parts of Animals. Movement of Animals. Progression of Animals. Revised edition. Loeb Classical Library 323. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1937.
Ashburner, Walter. The Rhodian Sea-Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909.
Athenaeus. The Deipnosophists. Translated by Charles Burton Gulick. Vol. 1. 7 vols. Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library, 1927.
Bacchylides, and Corinna. Greek Lyric: Volume IV, Bacchylides, Corinna, and Others. Translated by David A. Campbell. Cambridge, Mass., 1992.
Beaulieu, Marie-Claire. The Sea in the Greek Imagination. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.
Bekker-Nielsen, Tønnes. “Fishing in the Roman World”. Classica and Mediaevalia 53 (2002): 215–233.
Bernal Casasola, Darío. “Fishing Tackle in Hispania: Reflections, Proposals and First Results”. In Ancient Nets and Fishing Gear, Proceedings of the International Workshop on “Nets and Fishing Gear in Classical Antiquity: A First Approach”. Cadiz, November 15–17 2007, edited by Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen and Darío Bernal Casasola, 82–137. Cadiz: Universidad de Cadiz and Aarhus Press, 2010.
Bernard, H. Russell. “Kalymnos: The Island of the Sponge Fishermen”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 268 (1976): 289–307. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47652.x
Binford, Lewis R. “Archaeological Systematics and the Study of Culture Process”. American Antiquity 31 (2) (1965): 203–210. 10.2307/2693985
Boardman, John. Athenian Red Figure Vases: The Classical Period. London: Thames & Hudson, 1989.
Boardman, John. The History of Greek Vases. London: Thames & Hudson, 2001.
Boussuges, A., P. Pinet, P. Thomas, E. Bergmann, J-M Sainty, and D. Vervloet. “Haemoptysis after Breath-Hold Diving”. European Respiratory Journal 13 (1999): 697–699. 10.1183/09031936.99.13369799
Caspers, Elisabeth C. L. During. “Corals, Pearls and Prehistoric Gulf Trade”. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 13 (1983): 21–29.
Castanyer, P. “Les Arts de Pesca a Empúries”. In Pescadors de l’antiga Empúreis. Catálogo de La Exposición, edited by X. Aquilué and J. Monturiol, 20–22. Girona, 2006.
Crowe, Fiona, Alessandra Sperduti, Tamsin C. O’Connell, Oliver E. Craig, Karola Kirsanow, Paola Germoni, Roberto Macchiarelli, Peter Garnsey, and Luca Bondioli. “Water-Related Occupations and Diet in Two Roman Coastal Communities (Italy, First to Third Century AD): Correlation between Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Values and Auricular Exostosis Prevalence”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 142 (3) (2010): 355–366. 10.1002/ajpa.21229
Curtius, Quintus, History of Alexander, Volume I, Books 1–5. Translated by J. C. Rolfe. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1946.
DeVries, Keith. “Diving into the Mediterranean”. Expedition 21 (1) (1978): 4–8. https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/diving-into-the-mediterranean/
Dio Cassius. Roman History, Volume IX: Books 71–80. Translated by Earnest Cary and Herbert B. Foster. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1927.
Donkin, R.A. Beyond Price: Pearls and Pearl-Fishing: Origins to the Age of Discoveries. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1998.
Edmonds, John Maxwell. The Fragments of Attic Comedy. Vol. IIIA. Leiden: Brill, 1961.
Fitz-Clarke, John R. “Lung Compression Effects on Gas Exchange in Human Breath-Hold Diving”. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 165 (2009): 221–228. 10.1016/j.resp.2008.12.006
Fitz-Clarke, John R. “Mechanics of Airway and Alveolar Collapse in Human Breath-Hold Diving”. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 159 (2007): 202–210. 10.1016/j.resp.2007.07.006
Frost, Frank J. “Scyllias: Diving in Antiquity”. Greece & Rome, Second Series, 15 (2) (1968): 180–185. https://www.jstor.org/stable/642431
Frost, Honor. “Bronze Age Stone-Anchors from the Eastern Mediterranean”. Mariner’s Mirror 56, no. 4 (1970): 377–394. 10.1080/00253359.1970.10658560
Fuchs, W. “The Chian Element in Chian Art”. In Chios, a Conference at the Homereion in Chios 1984, edited by John Boardman and C.E. Vaphopoulou-Richardson, 275–293. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
Galili, Ehud, and Baruch Rosen. “Ancient Remotely-Operated Instruments Recovered Under Water off the Israeli Coast”. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 37 (2) (2008): 283–294. 10.1017/S1047759400018948
George, A. R., ed. The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts. Oxford, New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003.
Gianfrotta, Piero. “Archeologia Subacquea e Testimonianze Di Pesca”. Mélanges de l’Ecole Française de Rome. Antiquité 111 (1) (1999): 9–36.
Giesecke, Heinz-Eberhard. “The Akrotiri Ship Fresco”. The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration 12 (2) (1983): 123–143. 10.1111/j.1095-9270.1983.tb00121.x
Grossi Mazzorin, Jacopo de. Archeozoologia. Lo Studio Dei Resti Animali in Archeologia. Bari: Editori Laterza, 2008.
Gusinde, Martin. Hombres Primitivos En La Tierra Del Fuego. Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1951.
Gutierrez, J.M., and F. Giles. “Útiles de Pesca de La Factoría de Salazones P-19 (Anzuelos, Ganchos y Punta de Arpón Tipo Macalón)”. In Garum y Salazones En El Círculo Del Estrecho. Catálogo de La Exposición, Granada, edited by A. Arévalo, Darío Bernal Casasola, and A. Torremocha, 140–141. Cádiz: Ediciones Osuna, 2004.
Hemelrijk, J. M. Caeretan Hydriae. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1984.
Hemelrijk, J. M. More about Caeretan Hydria: Addenda et Clarificanda. Amsterdam: Allard Pierson Series, 2009.
Heraclides of Pontus, and H.B. Gottschalk. Heraclides of Pontus. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press., 1980.
Herodotos. Histories. Translated by A. D. Godley. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press., 1922.
Holloway, R. Ross. “The Tomb of the Diver”. American Journal of Archaeology 110 (3) (2006): 365–388.
Hölscher, Tonio. El nadador de Paestum: Juventud, eros y mar en la antigua Grecia. Madrid: Crítica, 2022.
Homer. Homer: The Iliad: Volume II, Books 13–24. Translated by A. T. Murray and William Wyatt. 2nd edition. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Univ. Press, 1925.
Ilardo, Melissa A., Ida Moltke, Thorfinn S. Korneliussen, Jade Cheng, Aaron J. Stern, Fernando Racimo, Peter de Barros Damgaard, et al. “Physiological and Genetic Adaptations to Diving in Sea Nomads”. Cell 173 (3) (2018): 569–580. e15. 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.054
Isler, H. P. “Drei Neue Gefässe Aus Der Werkstatt Der Caeretaner Hydrien”. Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 98 (1983): 15–56.
Kito, Hiromasa. “Review of Activities: Harvest, Seasons and Diving Patterns”. In Physiology of Breath-Hold Diving and the Ama of Japan, edited by Hermann Rahn and Tetsuro Yokoyama, 41–56. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1965.
Klein, Wilhelm. Zur sogenannten Aphrodite vom Esquilin. Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, 1907.
Livius, Titus. Livy: in fourteen volumes. 12: Books XL - XLII. Translated by Evan T. Sage. Reprinted. The Loeb classical library 332. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 2000.
Marangou, Lila I., ed. Ancient Greek Art from the Collection of Stavros S. Niarchos. Athens: N.P Goulandris Foundation and Museum of Cycladic Art, 1995.
Marzano, Annalisa. Harvesting the Sea: The Exploitation of Marine Resources in the Roman Mediterranean. First edition. Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2013.
McManamon, John M. Neither Letters nor Swimming: The Rebirth of Swimming and Free-diving. Leiden; Boston, 2021.
Monro, Charles Henry. The Digest of Justinian. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1904.
Oleson, John Peter. “A Possible Physiological Basis for the Term Urinator, ‘Diver.’” The American Journal of Philology 97 (1) (1976): 22–29. 10.2307/294109
Oniz, Hakan, and Ahmet Denker. “Four Rare Ring-Shaped Artifacts from Antalya and Mediterranean Diver Weights of Antiquity”. Journal of Maritime Archaeology 17 (4) (2022): 559–577. 10.1007/s11457-022-09343-2
Oppian, Colluthus, Tryphiodorus, and A.W. Mair. Oppian, Colluthus, Tryphiodorus. Loeb Classical Library 219. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1928.
Ovid. Metamorphoses. Translated by A. D. Melville and E. J. Kenney. Reissue edition. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2009.
Papadopoulos, John K. “The Natural History of a Caeretan Hydria”. BABESCH 91 (2016): 69–85.
Papadopoulos, John K., and Deborah Ruscillo. “A Ketos in Early Athens: An Archaeology of Whales and Sea Monsters in the Greek World”. American Journal of Archaeology 106 (2) (2002): 187–227. 10.2307/4126243
Paton, W. R. The Greek anthology. Vol. 3. 5 vols. London and New York: London, W. Heinemann; New York, G.P. Putnam’s sons, 1916.
Pausanias. Descripción de Grecia. Translated by M. Cruz Herrero Ingelmo. 3 vols. Madrid: Gredos, 1994.
Pelizzari, Umberto, and Stefano, Tovaglieri. Manual of Freediving: Underwater on a Single Breath. Rev Upd edition. Reddick, FL: Idelson Gnocchi Pub, 2004.
Pliny. Pliny: Natural History, Volume III, Books 8–11. Translated by H. Rackham. Harvard Univ. Press, 1940.
Pliny. Pliny: Natural History, Volume IX, Books 33–35. Translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge, Mass., 1952.
Plutarch, Lives, Volume VIII: Sertorius and Eumenes. Phocion and Cato the Younger. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1919.
Plutarch, Moralia, Volume VIII, Table-Talk, Books 1–6. Translated by P. A. Clement and H. B. Hoffleit. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1969.
Pomey, Patrice. “Les Épaves Grecques et Romaines de La Place Jules-Verne à Marseille”. Comptes Rendus Des Séances de l’Académie Des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 139 (2) (1995): 459–484.
Pomey, Patrice, and Pierre Poveda. “Gyptis: Sailing Replica of a 6th-Century-BC Archaic Greek Sewn Boat”. The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration 47 (1) (2018): 45156. 10.1080/10572414.2021.1943949
Powell, Judith. Fishing in the Prehistoric Aegran. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology and Literature 137. Göteborg: Paul Åströms Förlag, 1996.
Rahn, Hermann, and Tetsuro Yokoyama, eds. Physiology of Breath-Hold Diving and the Ama of Japan. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1965.
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Andreae, Bernard, Karin Rhein, and Bucerius Kunst Forum, eds. Kleopatra Und Die Caesaren: Eine Ausstellung Des Bucerius Kunst Forums, 28. Oktober 2006 Bis 4. Februar 2007 (Publikationen Des Bucerius Kunst Forums). München: Hirmer, 2006.
Aristotle. Problems, Volume I: Books 1–19. Translated by Robert Mayhew. Cambridge, Mass, 2011.
Aristotle, A.L. Peck, and E.S. Forster. Parts of Animals. Movement of Animals. Progression of Animals. Revised edition. Loeb Classical Library 323. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1937.
Ashburner, Walter. The Rhodian Sea-Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909.
Athenaeus. The Deipnosophists. Translated by Charles Burton Gulick. Vol. 1. 7 vols. Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library, 1927.
Bacchylides, and Corinna. Greek Lyric: Volume IV, Bacchylides, Corinna, and Others. Translated by David A. Campbell. Cambridge, Mass., 1992.
Beaulieu, Marie-Claire. The Sea in the Greek Imagination. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.
Bekker-Nielsen, Tønnes. “Fishing in the Roman World”. Classica and Mediaevalia 53 (2002): 215–233.
Bernal Casasola, Darío. “Fishing Tackle in Hispania: Reflections, Proposals and First Results”. In Ancient Nets and Fishing Gear, Proceedings of the International Workshop on “Nets and Fishing Gear in Classical Antiquity: A First Approach”. Cadiz, November 15–17 2007, edited by Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen and Darío Bernal Casasola, 82–137. Cadiz: Universidad de Cadiz and Aarhus Press, 2010.
Bernard, H. Russell. “Kalymnos: The Island of the Sponge Fishermen”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 268 (1976): 289–307. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47652.x
Binford, Lewis R. “Archaeological Systematics and the Study of Culture Process”. American Antiquity 31 (2) (1965): 203–210. 10.2307/2693985
Boardman, John. Athenian Red Figure Vases: The Classical Period. London: Thames & Hudson, 1989.
Boardman, John. The History of Greek Vases. London: Thames & Hudson, 2001.
Boussuges, A., P. Pinet, P. Thomas, E. Bergmann, J-M Sainty, and D. Vervloet. “Haemoptysis after Breath-Hold Diving”. European Respiratory Journal 13 (1999): 697–699. 10.1183/09031936.99.13369799
Caspers, Elisabeth C. L. During. “Corals, Pearls and Prehistoric Gulf Trade”. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 13 (1983): 21–29.
Castanyer, P. “Les Arts de Pesca a Empúries”. In Pescadors de l’antiga Empúreis. Catálogo de La Exposición, edited by X. Aquilué and J. Monturiol, 20–22. Girona, 2006.
Crowe, Fiona, Alessandra Sperduti, Tamsin C. O’Connell, Oliver E. Craig, Karola Kirsanow, Paola Germoni, Roberto Macchiarelli, Peter Garnsey, and Luca Bondioli. “Water-Related Occupations and Diet in Two Roman Coastal Communities (Italy, First to Third Century AD): Correlation between Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Values and Auricular Exostosis Prevalence”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 142 (3) (2010): 355–366. 10.1002/ajpa.21229
Curtius, Quintus, History of Alexander, Volume I, Books 1–5. Translated by J. C. Rolfe. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1946.
DeVries, Keith. “Diving into the Mediterranean”. Expedition 21 (1) (1978): 4–8. https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/diving-into-the-mediterranean/
Dio Cassius. Roman History, Volume IX: Books 71–80. Translated by Earnest Cary and Herbert B. Foster. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1927.
Donkin, R.A. Beyond Price: Pearls and Pearl-Fishing: Origins to the Age of Discoveries. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1998.
Edmonds, John Maxwell. The Fragments of Attic Comedy. Vol. IIIA. Leiden: Brill, 1961.
Fitz-Clarke, John R. “Lung Compression Effects on Gas Exchange in Human Breath-Hold Diving”. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 165 (2009): 221–228. 10.1016/j.resp.2008.12.006
Fitz-Clarke, John R. “Mechanics of Airway and Alveolar Collapse in Human Breath-Hold Diving”. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 159 (2007): 202–210. 10.1016/j.resp.2007.07.006
Frost, Frank J. “Scyllias: Diving in Antiquity”. Greece & Rome, Second Series, 15 (2) (1968): 180–185. https://www.jstor.org/stable/642431
Frost, Honor. “Bronze Age Stone-Anchors from the Eastern Mediterranean”. Mariner’s Mirror 56, no. 4 (1970): 377–394. 10.1080/00253359.1970.10658560
Fuchs, W. “The Chian Element in Chian Art”. In Chios, a Conference at the Homereion in Chios 1984, edited by John Boardman and C.E. Vaphopoulou-Richardson, 275–293. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
Galili, Ehud, and Baruch Rosen. “Ancient Remotely-Operated Instruments Recovered Under Water off the Israeli Coast”. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 37 (2) (2008): 283–294. 10.1017/S1047759400018948
George, A. R., ed. The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts. Oxford, New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003.
Gianfrotta, Piero. “Archeologia Subacquea e Testimonianze Di Pesca”. Mélanges de l’Ecole Française de Rome. Antiquité 111 (1) (1999): 9–36.
Giesecke, Heinz-Eberhard. “The Akrotiri Ship Fresco”. The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration 12 (2) (1983): 123–143. 10.1111/j.1095-9270.1983.tb00121.x
Grossi Mazzorin, Jacopo de. Archeozoologia. Lo Studio Dei Resti Animali in Archeologia. Bari: Editori Laterza, 2008.
Gusinde, Martin. Hombres Primitivos En La Tierra Del Fuego. Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1951.
Gutierrez, J.M., and F. Giles. “Útiles de Pesca de La Factoría de Salazones P-19 (Anzuelos, Ganchos y Punta de Arpón Tipo Macalón)”. In Garum y Salazones En El Círculo Del Estrecho. Catálogo de La Exposición, Granada, edited by A. Arévalo, Darío Bernal Casasola, and A. Torremocha, 140–141. Cádiz: Ediciones Osuna, 2004.
Hemelrijk, J. M. Caeretan Hydriae. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1984.
Hemelrijk, J. M. More about Caeretan Hydria: Addenda et Clarificanda. Amsterdam: Allard Pierson Series, 2009.
Heraclides of Pontus, and H.B. Gottschalk. Heraclides of Pontus. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press., 1980.
Herodotos. Histories. Translated by A. D. Godley. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press., 1922.
Holloway, R. Ross. “The Tomb of the Diver”. American Journal of Archaeology 110 (3) (2006): 365–388.
Hölscher, Tonio. El nadador de Paestum: Juventud, eros y mar en la antigua Grecia. Madrid: Crítica, 2022.
Homer. Homer: The Iliad: Volume II, Books 13–24. Translated by A. T. Murray and William Wyatt. 2nd edition. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Univ. Press, 1925.
Ilardo, Melissa A., Ida Moltke, Thorfinn S. Korneliussen, Jade Cheng, Aaron J. Stern, Fernando Racimo, Peter de Barros Damgaard, et al. “Physiological and Genetic Adaptations to Diving in Sea Nomads”. Cell 173 (3) (2018): 569–580. e15. 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.054
Isler, H. P. “Drei Neue Gefässe Aus Der Werkstatt Der Caeretaner Hydrien”. Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 98 (1983): 15–56.
Kito, Hiromasa. “Review of Activities: Harvest, Seasons and Diving Patterns”. In Physiology of Breath-Hold Diving and the Ama of Japan, edited by Hermann Rahn and Tetsuro Yokoyama, 41–56. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1965.
Klein, Wilhelm. Zur sogenannten Aphrodite vom Esquilin. Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, 1907.
Livius, Titus. Livy: in fourteen volumes. 12: Books XL - XLII. Translated by Evan T. Sage. Reprinted. The Loeb classical library 332. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 2000.
Marangou, Lila I., ed. Ancient Greek Art from the Collection of Stavros S. Niarchos. Athens: N.P Goulandris Foundation and Museum of Cycladic Art, 1995.
Marzano, Annalisa. Harvesting the Sea: The Exploitation of Marine Resources in the Roman Mediterranean. First edition. Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2013.
McManamon, John M. Neither Letters nor Swimming: The Rebirth of Swimming and Free-diving. Leiden; Boston, 2021.
Monro, Charles Henry. The Digest of Justinian. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1904.
Oleson, John Peter. “A Possible Physiological Basis for the Term Urinator, ‘Diver.’” The American Journal of Philology 97 (1) (1976): 22–29. 10.2307/294109
Oniz, Hakan, and Ahmet Denker. “Four Rare Ring-Shaped Artifacts from Antalya and Mediterranean Diver Weights of Antiquity”. Journal of Maritime Archaeology 17 (4) (2022): 559–577. 10.1007/s11457-022-09343-2
Oppian, Colluthus, Tryphiodorus, and A.W. Mair. Oppian, Colluthus, Tryphiodorus. Loeb Classical Library 219. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1928.
Ovid. Metamorphoses. Translated by A. D. Melville and E. J. Kenney. Reissue edition. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2009.
Papadopoulos, John K. “The Natural History of a Caeretan Hydria”. BABESCH 91 (2016): 69–85.
Papadopoulos, John K., and Deborah Ruscillo. “A Ketos in Early Athens: An Archaeology of Whales and Sea Monsters in the Greek World”. American Journal of Archaeology 106 (2) (2002): 187–227. 10.2307/4126243
Paton, W. R. The Greek anthology. Vol. 3. 5 vols. London and New York: London, W. Heinemann; New York, G.P. Putnam’s sons, 1916.
Pausanias. Descripción de Grecia. Translated by M. Cruz Herrero Ingelmo. 3 vols. Madrid: Gredos, 1994.
Pelizzari, Umberto, and Stefano, Tovaglieri. Manual of Freediving: Underwater on a Single Breath. Rev Upd edition. Reddick, FL: Idelson Gnocchi Pub, 2004.
Pliny. Pliny: Natural History, Volume III, Books 8–11. Translated by H. Rackham. Harvard Univ. Press, 1940.
Pliny. Pliny: Natural History, Volume IX, Books 33–35. Translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge, Mass., 1952.
Plutarch, Lives, Volume VIII: Sertorius and Eumenes. Phocion and Cato the Younger. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1919.
Plutarch, Moralia, Volume VIII, Table-Talk, Books 1–6. Translated by P. A. Clement and H. B. Hoffleit. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1969.
Pomey, Patrice. “Les Épaves Grecques et Romaines de La Place Jules-Verne à Marseille”. Comptes Rendus Des Séances de l’Académie Des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 139 (2) (1995): 459–484.
Pomey, Patrice, and Pierre Poveda. “Gyptis: Sailing Replica of a 6th-Century-BC Archaic Greek Sewn Boat”. The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration 47 (1) (2018): 45156. 10.1080/10572414.2021.1943949
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