Descriptive scientific analysis: progress of the educational system of Saudi Arabia
Abstract Saudi Arabia has set itself the goal of developing a knowledge-based society. Demographic changes and economic growth within short time in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia led to radical changes of the educational system. Higher education institutions are in expansion and international collaborations are being intensified. The policy of gender segregation based on a neopatriarchal society favored by the tribal system is an important cultural element of Saudi society and influences the Saudi educational culture.This article provides a scientific description and analyzes the main elements of the Saudi higher education system using the few data available due to the limited release of official statistics. Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University is analyzed as a case study based on the author’s experience who taught there as an academic years of 2006 and 2008. Being the first private institution to admit both male and female students it had to face several challenges. Furthermore, the impact of international collaborations is identified by exploring the «King Abdullah Scholarship Programme» which gives thousands of students the opportunity to study abroad.Education while having a global function also fulfills a national function. Therefore, collaborations with Western universities in the Kingdom have created challenges for the recent generations in balancing Western values imposed throughout their higher education with their traditional culture. Due to the policy of gender segregation, the Saudi educational system represents different obstructions and opportunities particularly for female students.
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Al-Dali, W.; Fnais, M. y Newbould, I. (2013). Private Higher Education in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Reality, Challenges and Aspirations. En L. Smith y A. Abouammoh (Eds.). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia (pp. 127-136). Dordrecht: Springer Science +Business Media.
Al-Ghambi, S. y Tight, S. (2013). Selecting and Developing High-Quality Academic Staff. En L. Smith y A. Abouammoh (Eds.). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia (pp. 83-93). Dordrecht: Springer Science +Business Media.
Al-Ohali, M. y Burdon, S. (2013). International Collaboration. En L. Smith y A. Abouammoh (Eds.). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia (pp. 159-166). Dordrecht: Springer Science +Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6321-0_15
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eiu Views Wire Middle East (2005). Middle East/Africa. Saudi Arabia. Jobs for the girls? Country Monitor, 13 (35), 8.
Hilal, K. (2011). The impact of international higher education scholarships in Saudi Arabia. PhD, University of New England, Armidale.
Jamjoom, F. B. y Kelly, P. (2013). Higher Education for Woman in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. En L. Smith y A. Abouammoh (Eds.). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia (pp. 117-125). Dordrecht: Springer Science +Business Media.
Leach, F. (1994). Expatriates as Agents of Cross-cultural Transmission. Journal of Comparative Education, 24 (3), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305792940240303
Middle East Monitor (2005). Working Women. Middle East Monitor: The Gulf, 15 (12), 3-4.
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Prince Mohammad University (2014). Consultado el 3 de julio de 2014. http://www.pmu.edu.sa/About/Students.aspx.
Princess Noura Bint Abdul Rahman University (2014). Consultado el 3 de julio de 2014. http://www.pnuproject.com/.
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Smith, L. y Abouammoh, A. (2013b). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia: Conclusions. En L. Smith y A. Abouammoh (Eds.). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia (pp. 181-190). Dordrecht: Springer Science +Business Media.
United Nations Development Program (2012). Human Development Data for the Arab States. Saudi Arabia. Consultado el 3 de julio de 2014. http://www.arab-hdr.org/data/profiles/SAU.aspx.
Vidyasagar, G. y Rea, D. M. (2004). Saudi women doctors: Gender and careers within Wahhabic Islam and a 'westernised' work culture. Women's Studies International Forum, 27 (3), 261-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2004.06.008
Wall Street Journal (2007). Other Comments. Forbes, 180 (8), 24.
wkö - Witschaftskammer Österreich (2014). Länderreport Saudi-Arabien. Consultado el 3 de julio de 2014. http://wko.at/statistik/laenderprofile/lp-saudi-arabien.pdf.
Al-Ghambi, S. y Tight, S. (2013). Selecting and Developing High-Quality Academic Staff. En L. Smith y A. Abouammoh (Eds.). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia (pp. 83-93). Dordrecht: Springer Science +Business Media.
Al-Ohali, M. y Burdon, S. (2013). International Collaboration. En L. Smith y A. Abouammoh (Eds.). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia (pp. 159-166). Dordrecht: Springer Science +Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6321-0_15
Auswärtiges Amt (2014). Innenpolitik. Descargado el 3 de julio de 2014. http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Aussenpolitik/Laender/Laenderinfos/SaudiArabien/Innenpolitik_node.html.
Bhattacharjee, Y. (2011). Saudi Universities Offer Chas In Exchange for Academic Prestige. Science, 334, 1344-1345. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.334.6061.1344
Bosbait, M. y Wilson, R. (2005). Education, School to Work Transitions and Unemployment in Saudi Arabia. Middle Eastern Studies, 41 (4), 533-545. https://doi.org/10.1080/00263200500119258
Bukhari, F. y Denman, B. (2013). Student Scholarships in Saudi Arabia: Implications and Opportunities for Overseas Engagement. En L. Smith y A. Abouammoh (Eds.). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia (pp. 1-12). Dordrecht: Springer Science +Business Media.
Denman, B. D. y Hilal, K. T. (2011). From barriers to bridges: An investigation on Saudi student mobility (2006-2009). International Review of Education, 57 (3-4), 299-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-011-9221-0
Doumato, E. A. (2000). Getting God's Ear: women, Islam, and healing in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. New York: Columbia University Press.
eiu Views Wire Middle East (2005). Middle East/Africa. Saudi Arabia. Jobs for the girls? Country Monitor, 13 (35), 8.
Hilal, K. (2011). The impact of international higher education scholarships in Saudi Arabia. PhD, University of New England, Armidale.
Jamjoom, F. B. y Kelly, P. (2013). Higher Education for Woman in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. En L. Smith y A. Abouammoh (Eds.). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia (pp. 117-125). Dordrecht: Springer Science +Business Media.
Leach, F. (1994). Expatriates as Agents of Cross-cultural Transmission. Journal of Comparative Education, 24 (3), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305792940240303
Middle East Monitor (2005). Working Women. Middle East Monitor: The Gulf, 15 (12), 3-4.
Ministry of Higher Education (2009). Saudi's higher education achievements & challenges. Global assessment & international experts' views. Consultado el 25 de enero de 2012 de la base de datos de //www.mohe.gov.sa/en/default.aspx.
Pakkiasamy, D. (2004). Saudi Arabia's Plan for Changing Its Workforce. Descargado el 3 de julio de 2014. http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/saudi-arabias-plan-changing-
Pavan, A. (2013). A New Perspective on the Quest for Education: The Saudi Arabian Way to Knowledge Society. Higher Education Studies, 3 (6), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v3n6p25
Pharaon, N. A. (2004). Saudi Women and the Muslim State in the Twenty-First Century. Sex Roles, 51 (5/6), 349-366. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SERS.0000046618.62910.ef
Prince Mohammad University (2014). Consultado el 3 de julio de 2014. http://www.pmu.edu.sa/About/Students.aspx.
Princess Noura Bint Abdul Rahman University (2014). Consultado el 3 de julio de 2014. http://www.pnuproject.com/.
Rubin, B. (2006). The Long War for Freedom. The Arab Struggle for Democracy in the Middle East. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Saleh, M. S. (1986). Development of higher education in Saudi Arabia. Higher Education, 15 (1-2), 17-23. Consultado el 3 de julio de 2014. http://link.springer.com/article/ https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138089
10.1007%2FBF00138089
Smith, L. y Abouammoh, A. (2013a). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia: Reforms, Challenges and Priorities. En L. Smith y A. Abouammoh (Eds.). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia (pp. 1-12). Dordrecht: Springer Science +Business Media.
Smith, L. y Abouammoh, A. (2013b). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia: Conclusions. En L. Smith y A. Abouammoh (Eds.). Higher Education in Saudi Arabia (pp. 181-190). Dordrecht: Springer Science +Business Media.
United Nations Development Program (2012). Human Development Data for the Arab States. Saudi Arabia. Consultado el 3 de julio de 2014. http://www.arab-hdr.org/data/profiles/SAU.aspx.
Vidyasagar, G. y Rea, D. M. (2004). Saudi women doctors: Gender and careers within Wahhabic Islam and a 'westernised' work culture. Women's Studies International Forum, 27 (3), 261-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2004.06.008
Wall Street Journal (2007). Other Comments. Forbes, 180 (8), 24.
wkö - Witschaftskammer Österreich (2014). Länderreport Saudi-Arabien. Consultado el 3 de julio de 2014. http://wko.at/statistik/laenderprofile/lp-saudi-arabien.pdf.
Profanter, A. (2017). Descriptive scientific analysis: progress of the educational system of Saudi Arabia. Enseñanza & Teaching: Interuniversity Journal of Didactic, 35(1), 65–79. https://doi.org/10.14201/et20173516579
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