Under-diagnosis of mental disorder in people with intellectual disabilities: study of prevalence in population with different degrees of intellectual disability
Abstract There are a few studies in the literature analyzing the prevalence of mental illness in people with intellectual disabilities (ID). This study explores the prevalence of mental disorders in adults without previous mental disorder and different degrees of ID. We assessed 142 individuals with varying degrees of ID and with unknown previous psychiatric disorder. We applied the diagnostic battery PAS-ADD based on criteria ICD-10 and DSM-IV TR to analyzed the prevalence of mental disorders in people with mild / moderate ID. We applied the Spanish version of the scale DASH-II to analyze the prevalence of mental disorders in people with severe and profound ID. We found a psychiatric disorder previously undiagnosed in 29.57% of our sample. In people with mild/ moderate ID the most common psychiatric disorder was depressive disorder (33.3%), but in people with severe and profound ID was the anxiety disorder. The most prevalent medical comorbidity was epilepsy (22.5% of the total sample and 39.2% in the population with severe / profound intellectual disabilities). Psychiatric disorders seem to be more common in the population with ID than in the general population, increasing their prevalence and medical comorbidity in severe and profound ID.
- Referencias
- Cómo citar
- Del mismo autor
- Métricas
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed).
American Psychiatric Association. (2014). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5a ed).
Amiet, C., Gourfinkel-An, I., Bouzamondo, A., Tordjman, S., Baulac, M., Lechat, P., … Cohen, D. (2008). Epilepsy in Autism is Associated with Intellectual Disability and Gender: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. Biological Psychiatry, 64(7), 577–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.030
Blackwood, D. H. R., Thiagarajah, T., Malloy, P., Pickard, B. S., & Muir, W. J. (2008). Chromosome abnormalities, mental retardation and the search for genes in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Neurotoxicity Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03033803
CIE 10 -Trastornos mentales y del comportamiento - Pautas diagnosticas. Criterios diagnósticos de investigación. (2014). Medvance S.L.
Cooper, S.-A., Smiley, E., Morrison, J., Williamson, A., & Allan, L. (2007). Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: Prevalence and associated factors. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.022483
Deb, S., Thomas, M., & Bright, C. (2001). Mental disorder in adults with intellectual disability. 2: The rate of behaviour disorders among a community-based population aged between 16 and 64 years. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research?: JIDR, 45(Pt 6), 506–14. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00373.x
Emerson, E., Hatton, C., Thompson, T., & Parmenter, T. R. (2004). The International Handbook of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. (E. Emerson, C. Hatton, T. Thompson, & T. R. Parmenter, Eds.)The International Handbook of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470713198
Espie, C. A., Watkins, J., Curtice, L., Espie, A., Duncan, R., Ryan, J. A., … Sterrick, M. (2003). Psychopathology in people with epilepsy and intellectual disability; an investigation of potential explanatory variables. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 74(11), 1485–92. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.11.1485
Fatemi, S. H., & Folsom, T. D. (2011). The role of fragile X mental retardation protein in major mental disorders. Neuropharmacology, 60(7–8), 1221–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.11.011
Fletcher, R., Loschen, E., Stavrakaki, C., & First, M. (2007). Diagnostic Manual - Intellectual Disability (DM-ID). Kingston, NY: NADD press.
García González-Gordon, R. (2002). Adaptación espa-ola de la entrevista PAS-ADD. Una entrevista estandarizada. (R. García González-Gordon, Ed.) (1st ed.). Cadiz: UNIVERSIDAD DE CADIZ, S.PUBLICACIONES.
Haro, J. M., Palacín, C., Vilagut, G., Martínez, M., Bernal, M., Luque, I., … Grupo ESEMeD-Espa-a. (2006). [Prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors: results from the ESEMeD-Spain study]. Medicina Clínica, 126(12), 445–51. https://doi.org/10.1157/13086324
Jokiranta, E., Sourander, A., Suominen, A., Timonen-Soivio, L., Brown, A. S., & Sillanpää, M. (2014). Epilepsy among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: a population-based study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(10), 2547–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2126-6
Koskentausta, T., Iivanainen, M., & Almqvist, F. (2007). Risk factors for psychiatric disturbance in children with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research?: JIDR, 51(Pt 1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00871.x
Kozlowski, A. M., Matson, J. L., Sipes, M., Hattier, M. A., & Bamburg, J. W. (2011). The relationship between psychopathology symptom clusters and the presence of comorbid psychopathology in individuals with severe to profound intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(5), 1610–1614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.02.004
Matson, J. L., Gardner, W. I., Coe, D. A., & Sovner, R. (1991). A scale for evaluating emotional disorders in severely and profoundly mentally retarded persons. Development of the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped (DASH) scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry?: The Journal of Mental Science, 159, 404–9. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.3.404
Matsuura, M., Adachi, N., Muramatsu, R., Kato, M., Onuma, T., Okubo, Y., … Hara, T. (2005). Intellectual disability and psychotic disorders of adult epilepsy. Epilepsia, 46 Suppl 1, 11–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.461004.x
Moss, S., Ibbotson, B., Prosser, H., Goldberg, D., Patel, P., & Simpson, N. (1997). Validity of the PAS-ADD for detecting psychiatric symptoms in adults with learning disability (mental retardation). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32(6), 344–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00805440
Petry, K., Maes, B., & Vlaskamp, C. (2009). Measuring the quality of life of people with profound multiple disabilities using the QOL-PMD: First results. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30(6), 1394–1405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.06.007
Psychiatrics, R. C. of. (2001). DC-LD. Diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders for usewith adults with learning disabilities/mental retardation. (The royal colleges of psychiatrics, Ed.) (1st ed.). London: Bristish Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
Reiss, S., & Valenti-Hein, D. (1994). Development of a psychopathology rating scale for children with mental retardation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(1), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.1.28
Rojahn, J., Matson, J. L., Naglieri, J. A., & Mayville, E. (2004). Relationships Between Psychiatric Conditions and Behavior Problems Among Adults With Mental Retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<21:RBPCAB>2.0.CO;2
Rush, A. J., & Frances, A. (2000). Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Treatment of psychiatric and behavioral problems in mental retardation. American Journal of Mental Retardation AJMR, 105(3), 159–226.
Salvador-Carulla, L., & Novell-Alsina, R. (2002). Guía práctica de la evaluación psiquiátrica en el retraso mental (1st ed.). Madrid: Aula Medica ediciones.
Schalock, Robert L., Verdugo Alonso, M. A. (2002). Handbook on quality of life for human service practitioners. (D. L. Braddock, Ed.) (1st ed.). Washington DC: American Asociation on mental retardation.
Schmitz, B. (2005). Depression and mania in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 46 Suppl 4, 45–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.463009.x
Smith, K., Shah, A., Wright, K., & Lewis, G. (1995). The prevalence and costs of psychiatric disorders and learning disabilities. The British Journal of Psychiatry?: The Journal of Mental Science, 166(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.1.9
Sperli, F., Rentsch, D., Despland, P. A., Foletti, G., Jallon, P., Picard, F., … Seeck, M. (2009). Psychiatric comorbidity in patients evaluated for chronic epilepsy: a differential role of the right hemisphere? European Neurology, 61(6), 350–7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000210547
Turygin, N., Matson, J. L., & Adams, H. (2014). Prevalence of co-occurring disorders in a sample of adults with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities who reside in a residential treatment setting. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(7), 1802–1808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.01.027
Vargas-Vargas, C., Rafanell, A., Montalvo, D., Estarlich, M., Pomarol-Clotet, E., & Sarró, S. (2014). Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the diagnostic assessment for the severely handicapped (DASH-II). Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36C, 537–542.
Whitaker, S., & Read, S. (2006). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among people with intellectual disabilities: An analysis of the literature. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(4), 330–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2006.00293.x
World Health Organisation. (2004). ICD-10 guide for mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 82.
American Psychiatric Association. (2014). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5a ed).
Amiet, C., Gourfinkel-An, I., Bouzamondo, A., Tordjman, S., Baulac, M., Lechat, P., … Cohen, D. (2008). Epilepsy in Autism is Associated with Intellectual Disability and Gender: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. Biological Psychiatry, 64(7), 577–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.030
Blackwood, D. H. R., Thiagarajah, T., Malloy, P., Pickard, B. S., & Muir, W. J. (2008). Chromosome abnormalities, mental retardation and the search for genes in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Neurotoxicity Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03033803
CIE 10 -Trastornos mentales y del comportamiento - Pautas diagnosticas. Criterios diagnósticos de investigación. (2014). Medvance S.L.
Cooper, S.-A., Smiley, E., Morrison, J., Williamson, A., & Allan, L. (2007). Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: Prevalence and associated factors. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.022483
Deb, S., Thomas, M., & Bright, C. (2001). Mental disorder in adults with intellectual disability. 2: The rate of behaviour disorders among a community-based population aged between 16 and 64 years. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research?: JIDR, 45(Pt 6), 506–14. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00373.x
Emerson, E., Hatton, C., Thompson, T., & Parmenter, T. R. (2004). The International Handbook of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. (E. Emerson, C. Hatton, T. Thompson, & T. R. Parmenter, Eds.)The International Handbook of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470713198
Espie, C. A., Watkins, J., Curtice, L., Espie, A., Duncan, R., Ryan, J. A., … Sterrick, M. (2003). Psychopathology in people with epilepsy and intellectual disability; an investigation of potential explanatory variables. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 74(11), 1485–92. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.11.1485
Fatemi, S. H., & Folsom, T. D. (2011). The role of fragile X mental retardation protein in major mental disorders. Neuropharmacology, 60(7–8), 1221–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.11.011
Fletcher, R., Loschen, E., Stavrakaki, C., & First, M. (2007). Diagnostic Manual - Intellectual Disability (DM-ID). Kingston, NY: NADD press.
García González-Gordon, R. (2002). Adaptación espa-ola de la entrevista PAS-ADD. Una entrevista estandarizada. (R. García González-Gordon, Ed.) (1st ed.). Cadiz: UNIVERSIDAD DE CADIZ, S.PUBLICACIONES.
Haro, J. M., Palacín, C., Vilagut, G., Martínez, M., Bernal, M., Luque, I., … Grupo ESEMeD-Espa-a. (2006). [Prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors: results from the ESEMeD-Spain study]. Medicina Clínica, 126(12), 445–51. https://doi.org/10.1157/13086324
Jokiranta, E., Sourander, A., Suominen, A., Timonen-Soivio, L., Brown, A. S., & Sillanpää, M. (2014). Epilepsy among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: a population-based study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(10), 2547–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2126-6
Koskentausta, T., Iivanainen, M., & Almqvist, F. (2007). Risk factors for psychiatric disturbance in children with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research?: JIDR, 51(Pt 1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00871.x
Kozlowski, A. M., Matson, J. L., Sipes, M., Hattier, M. A., & Bamburg, J. W. (2011). The relationship between psychopathology symptom clusters and the presence of comorbid psychopathology in individuals with severe to profound intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(5), 1610–1614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.02.004
Matson, J. L., Gardner, W. I., Coe, D. A., & Sovner, R. (1991). A scale for evaluating emotional disorders in severely and profoundly mentally retarded persons. Development of the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped (DASH) scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry?: The Journal of Mental Science, 159, 404–9. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.3.404
Matsuura, M., Adachi, N., Muramatsu, R., Kato, M., Onuma, T., Okubo, Y., … Hara, T. (2005). Intellectual disability and psychotic disorders of adult epilepsy. Epilepsia, 46 Suppl 1, 11–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.461004.x
Moss, S., Ibbotson, B., Prosser, H., Goldberg, D., Patel, P., & Simpson, N. (1997). Validity of the PAS-ADD for detecting psychiatric symptoms in adults with learning disability (mental retardation). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32(6), 344–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00805440
Petry, K., Maes, B., & Vlaskamp, C. (2009). Measuring the quality of life of people with profound multiple disabilities using the QOL-PMD: First results. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30(6), 1394–1405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.06.007
Psychiatrics, R. C. of. (2001). DC-LD. Diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders for usewith adults with learning disabilities/mental retardation. (The royal colleges of psychiatrics, Ed.) (1st ed.). London: Bristish Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
Reiss, S., & Valenti-Hein, D. (1994). Development of a psychopathology rating scale for children with mental retardation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(1), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.1.28
Rojahn, J., Matson, J. L., Naglieri, J. A., & Mayville, E. (2004). Relationships Between Psychiatric Conditions and Behavior Problems Among Adults With Mental Retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<21:RBPCAB>2.0.CO;2
Rush, A. J., & Frances, A. (2000). Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Treatment of psychiatric and behavioral problems in mental retardation. American Journal of Mental Retardation AJMR, 105(3), 159–226.
Salvador-Carulla, L., & Novell-Alsina, R. (2002). Guía práctica de la evaluación psiquiátrica en el retraso mental (1st ed.). Madrid: Aula Medica ediciones.
Schalock, Robert L., Verdugo Alonso, M. A. (2002). Handbook on quality of life for human service practitioners. (D. L. Braddock, Ed.) (1st ed.). Washington DC: American Asociation on mental retardation.
Schmitz, B. (2005). Depression and mania in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 46 Suppl 4, 45–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.463009.x
Smith, K., Shah, A., Wright, K., & Lewis, G. (1995). The prevalence and costs of psychiatric disorders and learning disabilities. The British Journal of Psychiatry?: The Journal of Mental Science, 166(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.1.9
Sperli, F., Rentsch, D., Despland, P. A., Foletti, G., Jallon, P., Picard, F., … Seeck, M. (2009). Psychiatric comorbidity in patients evaluated for chronic epilepsy: a differential role of the right hemisphere? European Neurology, 61(6), 350–7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000210547
Turygin, N., Matson, J. L., & Adams, H. (2014). Prevalence of co-occurring disorders in a sample of adults with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities who reside in a residential treatment setting. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(7), 1802–1808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.01.027
Vargas-Vargas, C., Rafanell, A., Montalvo, D., Estarlich, M., Pomarol-Clotet, E., & Sarró, S. (2014). Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the diagnostic assessment for the severely handicapped (DASH-II). Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36C, 537–542.
Whitaker, S., & Read, S. (2006). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among people with intellectual disabilities: An analysis of the literature. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(4), 330–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2006.00293.x
World Health Organisation. (2004). ICD-10 guide for mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 82.
Peña Salazar, C., Arrufat Nebot, F., Fontanet, A., García-León, N., Más, S., Roura-Poch, P., & Santos López, J. M. (2017). Under-diagnosis of mental disorder in people with intellectual disabilities: study of prevalence in population with different degrees of intellectual disability. Siglo Cero, 48(3), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero20174832739
Similar Articles
- Gracia Delgado-Pardo, An Approach to the Study of Individual Differences and the Dual Diagnosis from Psychological Perspective in Children and Adolescents Down Syndrome , Siglo Cero: Vol. 52 No. 4 (2021)
- Elena Olmos, Antonia Cascales-Martínez, Manuel Contero González, Tolerance to Multisensory Immersive Virtual Environments and Electrodermal Ratio Measurement as an Identifier of ASD Population , Siglo Cero: Vol. 54 No. 1 (2023)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
+
−