Individual Support Plans: enhancing personal outcomes
Abstract For organizations providing supports to persons with intellectual disability it is their main task to enhance the quality of life of their clients. Individual Support Plans should be designed with this goal in mind. Consequently, important questions in writing an ISP are: 1) What does the person want?, and 2) Which support does the person need? The outcome should obviously be a good quality of life.Furthermore we emphasize in our work the importance of evidence-based practices. Based on these starting points we propose the following guideliness for an ISP. An ISP should:– Explore goals and personal perspectives: what does a person want in his life.– Explore what support a person needs and wants: which supports are important for and which are important to the person.– Formulate support strategies in answer to the personal goals, wants and needs.– Monitor in dialogue with the person the process of support.– Measure personal outcomes.– Comprise an ongoing system of finetuning and adjusting.– Use evidence based practices in doing so.– Be transparant and comprehensible for the person.Following these guideliness we developed an internet based ISP in which the eight QOL dimensions provide the framework for developing support strategies, the dialogue with the client is build into the system of supports, and evidence based instruments are used to measure support needs and personal outcomes.
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BROWN, I. y BROWN, R. I. (2003). Quality of life and disability: An approach for community practitioners. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
CLAES, C., VAN HOVE, G., VAN LOON, J., VANDEVELDE, S. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2009). Eight principles for assessing quality of life-related personal outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 98 (1), 61-72.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9517-7
O'BRIEN, J. y O'BRIEN, C. L. (1989). What's worth working for? Leadership for better quality human services. Syracuse, NY: Responsive Systems Associates.
SCHALOCK, R. L. (2014). Aligning Quality of Life Domains to Potential Support Strategies and Anticipated Effects. Handout at a meeting in Arduin, March 2014.
SCHALOCK, R. L., BROWN, R. T., CUMMINS, R., MATTIKKA, L., FELCE, D. y BROWN, I. (2000). Conceptualization, measurement and application of the concept of quality of life: A consensus document symposium. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 44, 452-452.
SCHALOCK, R. L. y VERDUGO, M. Á. (2002). Handbook on quality of life for human service practitioners. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.
SCHALOCK, R. L. y VERDUGO, M. Á. (2012 a). A conceptual and measurement framework to guide policy development and systems change. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7, 71-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2012.00329.x
SCHALOCK, R. L., VERDUGO, M. Á., BONHAM, G. S., FANTOVA, F. y VAN LOON, J. (2008). Enhancing personal outcomes: Organizational strategies, guidelines, and examples. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 5 (4), 276-285.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2007.00135.x
SCHALOCK, R. L., VERDUGO M. Á. y GÓMEZ, L. E. (2011). Evidence-based practices in the field of Intellectual and developmental disabilities: An international consensus approach. Evaluation and Program Planning, 34, 273-282.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2010.10.004
SCHALOCK, R. L., VERDUGO, M. Á., JENARO, C., WANG, M., WEHMEYER, M., XU, J. y LACHAPELLE, Y. (2005). Cross-cultural study of quality of life indicators. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 110, 298-311.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[298:CSOQOL]2.0.CO;2
THOMPSON, J. T., BRYANT, B. R., CAMPBELL, E. M., CRAIG, E. M., HUGHES, C. M., ROTHOLZ, D. ET AL. (2004). Support Intensity Scale Manual. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.
Van Loon, J. H. M., Bonham, G. S., Peterson, D. D., Schalock, R. L., Claes, C. y Decramer, A. E. M. (2012). The Use of Evidence-Based Outcomes in Systems and Organizations Providing Services and Supports to Persons with Intellectual Disability. Evaluation and Program Planning, 36 (2013), 80-87.
VAN LOON, J. H. M., CLAES, C., VAN HOVE, G. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2010). De ontwikkeling van de Persoonsgerichte Ondersteuningsuitkomsten Schaal (POS). Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Zorg aan mensen met verstandelijke beperkingen, 36 (3), 180-196.
VAN LOON, J. H. M. y VAN HOVE, G. (2001). Emancipation and self-determination of people with learning disabilities and down-sizing institutional care. Disability & Society, 16, 233-254.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687590120035825
VAN LOON, J. H. M., VAN HOVE, G. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2009). The use of SIS data / items for the development of an individual supports plan. En R. L. scHaLocK y J. tHoMPson, The SIS Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
VAN LOON, J. H. M., VAN HOVE, G., SCHALOCK, R. L. y CLAES, C. (2008). Personal Outcomes Scale: A Scale to Assess an Individual's Quality of Life. Stichting Arduin, Netherlands: Universiteit Gent.
VREEKE, G. J., JANSSEN, C. G. C., RESNICK, S. y STOLK, J. (1998). Kwaliteit van bestaan van mensen met een verstandelijke handicap. Ontwikkeling van een meetinstrument voor woonvoorzieningen en de stand van zaken in Nederlandse instellingen. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit.
WANG, M., SCHALOCK, R. L., VERDUGO, M. Á. y JENARO, C. (2010). Examining the factor structure and hierarchical nature of the quality of life construct. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 115, 218-233.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-115.3.218
CLAES, C., VAN HOVE, G., VAN LOON, J., VANDEVELDE, S. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2009). Eight principles for assessing quality of life-related personal outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 98 (1), 61-72.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9517-7
O'BRIEN, J. y O'BRIEN, C. L. (1989). What's worth working for? Leadership for better quality human services. Syracuse, NY: Responsive Systems Associates.
SCHALOCK, R. L. (2014). Aligning Quality of Life Domains to Potential Support Strategies and Anticipated Effects. Handout at a meeting in Arduin, March 2014.
SCHALOCK, R. L., BROWN, R. T., CUMMINS, R., MATTIKKA, L., FELCE, D. y BROWN, I. (2000). Conceptualization, measurement and application of the concept of quality of life: A consensus document symposium. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 44, 452-452.
SCHALOCK, R. L. y VERDUGO, M. Á. (2002). Handbook on quality of life for human service practitioners. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.
SCHALOCK, R. L. y VERDUGO, M. Á. (2012 a). A conceptual and measurement framework to guide policy development and systems change. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7, 71-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2012.00329.x
SCHALOCK, R. L., VERDUGO, M. Á., BONHAM, G. S., FANTOVA, F. y VAN LOON, J. (2008). Enhancing personal outcomes: Organizational strategies, guidelines, and examples. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 5 (4), 276-285.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2007.00135.x
SCHALOCK, R. L., VERDUGO M. Á. y GÓMEZ, L. E. (2011). Evidence-based practices in the field of Intellectual and developmental disabilities: An international consensus approach. Evaluation and Program Planning, 34, 273-282.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2010.10.004
SCHALOCK, R. L., VERDUGO, M. Á., JENARO, C., WANG, M., WEHMEYER, M., XU, J. y LACHAPELLE, Y. (2005). Cross-cultural study of quality of life indicators. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 110, 298-311.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[298:CSOQOL]2.0.CO;2
THOMPSON, J. T., BRYANT, B. R., CAMPBELL, E. M., CRAIG, E. M., HUGHES, C. M., ROTHOLZ, D. ET AL. (2004). Support Intensity Scale Manual. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.
Van Loon, J. H. M., Bonham, G. S., Peterson, D. D., Schalock, R. L., Claes, C. y Decramer, A. E. M. (2012). The Use of Evidence-Based Outcomes in Systems and Organizations Providing Services and Supports to Persons with Intellectual Disability. Evaluation and Program Planning, 36 (2013), 80-87.
VAN LOON, J. H. M., CLAES, C., VAN HOVE, G. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2010). De ontwikkeling van de Persoonsgerichte Ondersteuningsuitkomsten Schaal (POS). Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Zorg aan mensen met verstandelijke beperkingen, 36 (3), 180-196.
VAN LOON, J. H. M. y VAN HOVE, G. (2001). Emancipation and self-determination of people with learning disabilities and down-sizing institutional care. Disability & Society, 16, 233-254.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687590120035825
VAN LOON, J. H. M., VAN HOVE, G. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2009). The use of SIS data / items for the development of an individual supports plan. En R. L. scHaLocK y J. tHoMPson, The SIS Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
VAN LOON, J. H. M., VAN HOVE, G., SCHALOCK, R. L. y CLAES, C. (2008). Personal Outcomes Scale: A Scale to Assess an Individual's Quality of Life. Stichting Arduin, Netherlands: Universiteit Gent.
VREEKE, G. J., JANSSEN, C. G. C., RESNICK, S. y STOLK, J. (1998). Kwaliteit van bestaan van mensen met een verstandelijke handicap. Ontwikkeling van een meetinstrument voor woonvoorzieningen en de stand van zaken in Nederlandse instellingen. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit.
WANG, M., SCHALOCK, R. L., VERDUGO, M. Á. y JENARO, C. (2010). Examining the factor structure and hierarchical nature of the quality of life construct. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 115, 218-233.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-115.3.218
Van Loon, J. H. M. (2015). Individual Support Plans: enhancing personal outcomes. Siglo Cero, 46(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero20154612540
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