What Is it Really that we Call Context? Towards a Model for a Systematic Analysis of Context
Abstract In current models of disability, the role of context is considered essential. To date, no theoretical models have been developed to systematically analyze the influence of context on the lives of people with disabilities. The article explains the treatment received by the context in different reference models. A conceptual model of context analysis based on categories is offered to better understand its influence on people’s lives and to facilitate the transformation of the barriers faced.
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VERDUGO, M. Á. (1994). El cambio del paradigma en la concepción del retraso mental: la nueva definición de la AAMR. Siglo Cero, 25(3), 5-42.
VERDUGO, M. Á. (1999). Avances conceptuales actuales y del futuro inmediato: revision de la definición de 1992 de la AAMR. Siglo Cero, 30(5), 1-10.
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DARWIN, C. (1859). On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. John Murray Eds. [Traducción española. El origen de las especies por medio de la selección natural. Espasa Calpe. 1921].
LUCKASSON, R., BORTHWICK-DUYL, S., BUNTINX, W. H. E., COULTER, D. L., CRAIG, E. M., REEVE, A., SCHALOCK, R. L., SNELL, M. E., SPITALNIK, D. M., SPREAT, S. y TASSÉ, M. J. (2002). Mental retardation: definition, classification, and systems of supports (10.ª ed.). American Association on Mental Retardation.
LUCKASSON, R., COULTER, D. L., POLLOWAY, E. A., REESE, S., SCHALOCK, R. L., SNELL, M. E., SPITALNIK, D. M. y STARK, J. A. (1992). Mental retardation: definition, classification, and systems of supports (9.ª ed.). American Association on Mental Retardation.
PALACIOS, A. (2008). El modelo social de discapacidad: orígenes, caracterización y plasmación en la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. Cinca.
SCHALOCK, R. L., BORTHWICK-DUFFY, S., BRADLEY, V., BUNTIX, W. H. E., COULTER, D. L., CRAIG, E. P. M., … YEAGER, M. H. (2010). Intellectual disability: definition, classification, and systems of support (11.ª ed.). American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
SCHALOCK, R. L., LUCKASSON, R. y SHOGREN, K. A. (2020). Going beyond environment to context: leveraging the power of context to produce change. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1885; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061885
SCHALOCK, R. L., LUCKASSON, R. A., SHOGREN K. A., BORTHWICK-DUFFY, S., BRADLEY, V. J., WIL BUNTIX, D. L. COULTER, C. E. M., GÓMEZ, S. C., LACHAPELLE, Y., REEVE, A., SNELL MILLER, M. E., SCOTT SPREAT, TASSÉ, M. J., THOMPSON, J. R., VERDUGO ALONSO, M. Á., WEHMEYER, M. L., MARK H. YEAGER y GÓMEZ SÁNCHEZ, L. E. (2007). El nuevo concepto de retraso mental: Comprendiendo el cambio al término discapacidad intelectual. Siglo Cero, 38(4), 21-36.
SCHALOCK, R. L., LUCKASSON, R. y TASSÉ, M. J. (2021). Intellectual disability: definition, diagnosis, classification, and planning supports (12.ª ed.). AAIDD.
SCHALOCK R. L., LUCKASSON R., TASSÉ, M. J. y VERDUGO, M. Á. (2018). A Holistic theoretical approach to intellectual disability: going beyond the four current perspectives. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 56(2), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-56.2.79. PMID: 29584556
SCHALOCK, R. L. y VERDUGO, M. Á. (2002/2003). Quality of life for human service practitioners. American Association on Mental Retardation [Traducido al castellano por M. Á. VERDUGO y C. JENARO. Calidad de vida. Manual para profesionales de la educación, salud y servicios sociales. Alianza].
SCHALOCK, R. L. y VERDUGO, M. Á. (2007). El concepto de calidad de vida en los servicios y apoyos para personas con discapacidad intelectual. Siglo Cero, 38(4), 21-36.
SCHALOCK, R., VERDUGO, M. Á., GÓMEZ, L. y REINDERS, H. (2016). Moving us toward a theory of individual quality of life. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 121, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-121.1.1
SHOGREN, K. A. (2013) Consider context. An integrative concept for promoting outcomes in the intellectual disability field. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 51 (2), 132-7. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-51.2.132
SHOGREN, K. A., LUCKASSON, R. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2014). The definition of context and its application in the field of intellectual disability. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 11, 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12077
SHOGREN, K. A., LUCKASSON, R. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2015). Using context as an integrative framework to align policy goals, supports, and outcomes in intellectual disability. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 53, 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-53.5.367
SHOGREN, K. A., LUCKASSON, R. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2018). The responsibility to build contexts that enhance human functioning and promote valued outcomes for people with intellectual disability: strengthening system responsiveness. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 56, 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-56.5.287
SHOGREN, K., LUCKASSON, R. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2020a). Leveraging the power of context in disability policy development, implementation, and evaluation: multiple applications to enhance personal outcomes. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 31, 230-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207320923656.
SHOGREN, K. A., LUCKASSON, R. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2020b). Using a Multidimensional Model to analyze context and enhance personal outcomes. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 58, 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-58.2.95
SHOGREN, K. A., SCHALOCK, R. L. y LUCKASSON, R. (2018). The use of a context-based change model to unfreeze the status quo and drive valued outcomes. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 15, 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12233
THOMPSON, J. R., SCHALOCK, R. L., AGOSTA, J., TENINTY, L. y FORTUNE, J. (2014). How the supports paradigm is transforming service systems for persons with intellectual and related developmental disabilities. Inclusion, 2, 86-99.
VERDUGO, M. Á. (1994). El cambio del paradigma en la concepción del retraso mental: la nueva definición de la AAMR. Siglo Cero, 25(3), 5-42.
VERDUGO, M. Á. (1999). Avances conceptuales actuales y del futuro inmediato: revision de la definición de 1992 de la AAMR. Siglo Cero, 30(5), 1-10.
VERDUGO, M. Á., CRESPO, M. y CAMPO, M. (2013). Clasificación de la discapacidad. En M. Á. VERDUGO y R. L. SCHALOCK (Coords.), Discapacidad e inclusión. Manual para la docencia (pp. 43-60). Amarú Ediciones, Colección Psicología.
VERDUGO, M. Á., JENARO, C., CALVO, M. I. y NAVAS P. (2017). Disability policy implementation from a cross-cultural perspective. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 55(4), 234-246. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-55.4.234
VERDUGO, M. Á., SCHALOCK, R. L. y GÓMEZ, L. E. (2021). El Modelo de Calidad de Vida y Apoyos: la unión tras veinticinco años de caminos paralelos. Siglo Cero, 52(3), 9-28.
UNITED NATIONS. (2006). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability. https://www.un.org/disabilities/convention
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. (1980). International classification of impairments, Disabilities and handicaps (ICIDH). A Manual of classification relating to consequences of diseases. Autor. [Trad. Cast.: INSERSO. (1981). Clasificación internacional de deficiencias, discapacidades y minusvalías. Manual de clasificación de las consecuencias de la enfermedad. Autor.]
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. (2001a). International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Author. Versión española https://www.imserso.es/InterPresent2/groups/imserso/documents/binario/435cif.pdf (consultado en febrero 2022).
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. (2001b). Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud, CIF. Versión abreviada. Organización Mundial de la Salud. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43360
Simarro-Vázquez, L. (2023). What Is it Really that we Call Context? Towards a Model for a Systematic Analysis of Context. Siglo Cero, 54(3), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero.31154
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