Severe Disability. Perspectives and Lines of Action

Abstract

In academic literature, disability and employment are normally studied as one unique field, not minding that there is enormous diversity among them. What should be taken into account is the fact that disabilities could turn into a barrier when it comes to entering the Spanish labor market. This task turns into something worse depending on the type and degree of disability. That is why it is very important to be aware of different disability degrees. In this way, Spanish law has distinguished what is considered to be a disability of “special difficulty”, stating a way of measuring the different disabilities degrees. This paper focuses on the characteristics of this disadvantage, showing those aspects of which make a difference from the rest of the disabilities. Strategic action lines, in which these differences are taken into account, are proposed to be followed by the Public Administration, to give a specific response to support these people in a better and more accurate way. Their incorporation into the labor market is not only a laudable purpose and a social responsibility, but it also generates a positive impact on the economy, in which sheltered employment has become increasingly important in recent years.
  • Referencias
  • Cómo citar
  • Del mismo autor
  • Métricas
ABELLÁN, A. e HIDALGO, R. M. (2011). Definiciones de discapacidad en España (Informe n.º 109). Informes Portal Mayores.
AKKRAMAN, A., KEF, S. y MEININGER, H. P. (2016). Job satisfaction of people with intellectual disabilities in integrated and sheltered employment: an exploration of the literature. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12168
BARRIO del CAMPO, J. A, ÁRIAS, M., RUIZ, M. I. y VICENTE, F. (2007). Envejecimiento y discapacidad intelectual: la nueva etapa. INFAD Revista de Psicología, 2, 43-56.
BATTILANA, J. y LEE, M. (2014). Advancing research on hybrid organizing-insights from the study of social enterprises. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 397-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2014.893615
CHARLSON, F. J., BAXTER, A. J., DUA, T., DEGENHARDT, L., WHITEFORD, H. A. y VOS, T. (2015). Excess mortality from mental, neurological and substance use disorders in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Science, 24(2), 121-140. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796014000687
COOPER, S. A., SMILEY, E., MORRISON, J., WILLIAMSON, A. y ALLAN, L. (2007). Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence and associated factors. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/0.1192/bjp.bp.106.022483
CUETO, B., MALO, M. A. y RODRÍGUEZ, V. (2011). La brecha de participación laboral de las personas con discapacidad en España: un análisis con la edad. Cuadernos del Mercado del Trabajo, 8, 20-27.
DART, R. (2004). The legitimacy of social enterprise. Nonprofit and management leadership, 14(4), 411-424. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.43
DEAN, E., SHOGREN, K., HAGIWARA, M. y WEHMEYER, M. (2018). How does employment influence health outcomes? A systematic review of the intellectual disability literature. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 49(1) 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3233/JVR-180950
DE LORENZO, R. (2004). El futuro de los discapacitados en el mundo: el empleo como factor determinante para la inclusión. Revista del Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, 50, 73-89.
DOMÍNGUEZ, J. y NAVAS, P. (2018). Deterioro cognitivo y trastorno neurodegenerativo en personas con discapacidad intelectual. Siglo Cero, 49(1), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero20184915367
FELCE, D. y PERRY, J. (1995). Quality of life: its definition and measurement. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 16(1), 51-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-4222(94)00028-8
FOLCH, A., CORTÉS, M. J., VICENS, P. y MARTÍNEZ-LEAL, R. (2017). Health profiles in people with intellectual developmental disorders. Salud Pública de México, 59(4), 400-407. https://doi.org/10.21149/8199
FRIEDMAN, C., RIZZOLO, M. C. y SPASSIANI, N. A. (2020). The impact of organizational supports on the person-centered health of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 17(1), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12320
GARCÍA, L., NAVAS, P., VERDUGO, M. Á. y ARIAS, V. B. (2020). Chronic health conditions in aging individuals with intellectual disabilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093126
GELASHVILI, V., CAMACHO, M. M. y SEGOVIA, M. J. (2016). Análisis económico-financiero de los centros especiales de empleo de España. Revista Española de Discapacidad, 4(2), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.5569/2340- 5104.04.02.01
HAHN, J. E., FOX, S. y JANICKI, M. P. (2015). Aging among older adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: setting national goals to address transitions in health, retirement, and late-life. Inclusion, 3(4), 250-259. https://doi.org/10.1352/2326-6988-3.4.250
HELLER, T. (2009). Envejecimiento y discapacidad intelectual. Siglo Cero, 40, (1), 67-78.
HOGG, J., REEVES, D., ROBERT, J. y MUDFORD, O. C. (2001). Consistency, context and confidence in judgements of affective communication in adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45(1), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2001.00289.x
HOLLAND, A., SULLIVAN, S. y HUSSAIN, R. (2002). The influence of intellectual disability on life expectancy. The Journals of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 57A(7), 470-472.
KRAHN, G. L., HAMMOND, L. y TURNER, A. (2006). A cascade of disparities: health and health care access for people with intellectual disabilities. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Review, 12, 70-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.20098
LÓPEZ, C. M. y SECO, E. (2005). Discapacidad y empleo en España: su visibilidad. INNOVAR Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales, 15(26), 59-72.
LUKAS, J. F., LIZASOAIN, L., GALARRETA, J. y ETXEBERRIA, J. (2018). Job satisfaction among disabled people in the sheltered workshop: differential analysis. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12492
MAES, B., LAMBRECHTS, G., HOSTYN, I. y PETRY, K. (2007). Quality-enhancing interventions for people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: a review of the empirical research literature. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 32(3), 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668250701549427
MANK, A., GROSSI, T. y ROGAN, P. (2007). Integrated employment or sheltered workshops: preferences of adults with intellectual disabilities, their families, and staff. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 26(1), 5-19.
MANSELL, J. (2006). Deinstitutionalisation and community living: progress, problems and priorities. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 31(2) 65-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668250600686726
McAFEE, J. K. y McNAUGHTON, D. (1997). Transitional outcomes – job satisfaction of workers with disabilities. Part one: general job satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 8, 135-142.
MIGLIORE, A., MANK, D., GROSSI, T. y ROGAN, P. (2007). Integrated employment or sheltered workshops: preferences of adults with intellectual disabilities, their families, and staff. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 26(1), 5-19.
MOSS, S., EMERSON, E., KIERNAN, C., TURNER, S., HATTON, C. y ALBORZ, A. (2000). Psychiatric symptoms in adults with learning disability and challenging behaviour. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 177(5), 452-456.
MOURIDSEN, S. E., BRONNUM-HANSEN, H., RICH, B. e ISAGER, T. (2008). Mortality and causes of death in autism spectrum disorders: an update. Autism, 12(4), 403-414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361308091653
MUÑOZ, A., FERNÁNDEZ, A. B., BELINCHÓN, M., SELLÁN, M. C., DÍAZ, M. L., HERNANDO, M. F. y MUÑOZ, L. (2017). Discapacidad intelectual y salud: derechos, desigualdades, evidencias y propuestas. http://www.plenainclusioncantabria.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/DISCAPACIDAD-INTELECTUAL-Y-SALUD.pdf
NAVAS, P., GÓMEZ, L. E., VERDUGO, M. Á. y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2012). Derechos de las personas con discapacidad intelectual: implicaciones de la Convención de Naciones Unidas. Siglo Cero, 43(3), 7-28.
NAVAS, P., VERDUGO, M. Á., MARTÍNEZ, S. y SAINZ, F. (2017). Derechos y calidad de vida en personas con discapacidad intelectual y mayores necesidades de apoyo. Siglo Cero, 48(4).
NOVELL, R., RUEDA, P. y SALVADOR, L. (2003). Salud mental y alteraciones de la conducta en las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Guía práctica para técnicos y cuidadores. https://www.plenainclusion.org/sites/default/files/libro_saludmental.pdf
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD. (2011). Informe mundial sobre la discapacidad. http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/es/
PETROVSKI, P. y GLEESON, G. (1997). The relationship between job satisfaction and psychological health in people with an intellectual disability in competitive employment. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 22(3), 199-212.
PETRY, K. y MAES, B. (2007). Description of the support needs of people with profound multiple disabilities using the 2002 AAMR system: an overview of literature. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 42(2), 130-143.
PETRY, K., MAES, B. y VLASKAMP, C. (2005). Domains of quality of life of people with profound multiple disabilities: the perspective of parents and direct support staff. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 18(1), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2004.00209.x
ROLLINS, A. L., BOND, G. R., JONES, A. M., KUKLA, M. y COLLINS, L. A. (2011). Workplace social networks and their relationship with job outcomes and other employment characteristics for people with severe mental illness. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 35(3), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.3233/JVR-2011-0575
RUBIO, F. J. (2003). La construcción social del empleo protegido: los Centros Especiales de Empleo. Nómadas. Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas, 8. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/181/18100819.pdf
SANTERO, R., CASTRO, B., MARTÍNEZ, M. I. y GUILLÓ, N. (2016). Integración de personas con discapacidad en la Economía Social. Elementos facilitadores y obstáculos detectados en la incorporación del colectivo. CIRIEC-España, 88, 29-59. https://abayanalistas.net/es/wp-content/uploads/informes/CIRIEC_8802_Santero.pdf
SEGARRA, J. A., FONTRODONA, J., PALENCIA, L., CARRILLO, J. y POBLETE, M. J. (2019). Libro Blanco para la formación, ocupación y empleo de las personas con discapacidad y especiales dificultades en los centros especiales de trabajo de Cataluña. https://doi.org/10.15581/018.ST-498
SEPE. (2019). Informe Estatal del Mercado de Trabajo de las personas con discapacidad. https://www.sepe.es/contenidos/observatorio/mercado_trabajo/3206-1.pdf
SHEEHAN, R., SINAI, A., BASS, N., BLATCHFORD, P., BOHNEN, I., BONELL, S. y MUKHERJI, K. (2015). Dementia diagnostic criteria in Down syndrome. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 30(8), 857-863. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4228
TASSÉ, M. J., BERTELLI, M., KATES, W., SIMON, E. y NAVAS, P. (2017). Intellectual disability (intellectual disability disorder). En R. FLETCHER, S. A. COOPER y J. BARNHILL (Eds.), Diagnostic Manual - Intellectual Disability (2.a ed.) (pp. 75-90). NADD Press.
TOBOSO, M. y GUZMÁN, F. (2010). Cuerpos, capacidades, exigencias funcionales... y otros lechos de Procusto. Política y Sociedad, 47(1), 67-83.
TYRER, F., SMITH, L. K. y McGROTHER, C. W. (2007). Mortality in adults with moderate to profound intellectual disability: a population-based study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(7), 520-527. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00918.x
VERDUGO, M. Á. (2018). Conceptos clave que explican los cambios en la provisión de apoyos a las discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo en España. Siglo Cero, 49(1), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero20184913552
VERDUGO, M. Á., JORDÁN DE URRÍES, F. B., SÁNCHEZ, M. C. y BENITO, C. (2009). Influencia de las pensiones en el acceso al empleo y la actividad. En M. Á. VERDUGO, T. NIETO, F. B. JORDÁN DE URRÍES, B. y M. CRESPO (Coords.), Mejorando resultados personales para una vida de calidad (pp. 163-177). Amarú.
VERDUGO, M. Á. y NAVAS, P. (2016). Todos somos todos. Derechos y calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y mayores necesidades de apoyo: informe ejecutivo. INICO. https://www.plenainclusion.org/sites/default/files/30-11-16-todossomostodos-informeejecutivo.pdf
VILLA, N. (2003). Situación laboral de las personas con discapacidad en España. Revista Complutense de Educación, 14(2), 393-424. https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/RCED/article/view/RCED0303220393A/16401
YBEMA, J., KOPPMAN, A. y PEETERS, M. (2019). Working in sheltered employment: a weekly diary study. International Journal of Stress Management, 27(2), 160-171. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000141
YIP, K. S. y NG, Y. N. (1999). The dilemma of productivity-oriented management versus treatment-oriented management in sheltered workshops in Hong Kong. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22(4), 390-397. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095211
ZOHAR CONSULTORIA y MARKETING SOCIAL. (2015). El sobreesfuerzo económico que la discapacidad intelectual o de desarrollo ocasiona en la familia en España 2014. FEAPS Resumen Ejecutivo. https://www.plenainclusion.org/sites/default/files/informe_ejecutivo_sobreesfuerzo_feaps_final_feb15.pdf
Carrillo Pujol, J. (2022). Severe Disability. Perspectives and Lines of Action. Siglo Cero, 53(4), 53–67. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero20225345367

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Jordi Carrillo Pujol

,
Geneva Business School
Av República Argentina 58, 2-2 08023 Barcelona
+