Influencia del clima motivacional en clase sobre el compromiso escolar de los adolescentes y su logro académico

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ISSN impreso: 2386-3919

ISSN online: 2386-3927

Prefijo Doi: 10.14201

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Melchor Gutiérrez
Universitat de Valencia
España
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1878-8751
Biografía
José Manuel Tomás
Universitat de València
España
Biografía
José Marcos Barrica
Departamento de Ciências da Educação do Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação.
Angola
Biografía
Isabel Romero
Universidade Katyavala Bwila
Angola
Biografía
Vol. 35 Núm. 1 (2017), Artículos, Páginas 21-37
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14201/et20173512137
Aceptado: mar 8, 2017

Resumen

La literatura científica ofrece evidencia empírica de la relación entre el compromiso escolar y numerosas variables del contexto educativo de los adolescentes. El compromiso se ha relacionado, entre otros importantes constructos, con el burnout, tanto de los alumnos como de los profesores; el rendimiento escolar; la satisfacción con la escuela; los problemas de disciplina; las orientaciones de meta de los alumnos, y el clima motivacional de la clase. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido analizar las relaciones entre el clima motivacional percibido en clase y el logro académico, mediado por el compromiso escolar de los alumnos. Han participado 2028 adolescentes que completaron diversos instrumentos para medir la percepción del clima motivacional de la clase, la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, el apoyo a la autonomía del alumno por el profesor y el logro académico. Los datos se analizaron mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales con variables observables (path analysis). Los resultados mostraron una relación significativa entre el clima motivacional y el compromiso escolar, y de éste con el logro académico. Cabe destacar, además, la relación directa de la percepción de competencia y el apoyo a la autonomía con el éxito académico de los estudiantes. De las tres variables a predecir (Portugués, Matemáticas y Éxito académico), la mejor predicha por el clima de clase ha sido la percepción de éxito académico de los alumnos. Se discuten los resultados en el marco de la teoría de las metas de logro, de la motivación autodeterminada, y de cara a su aplicación práctica en el proceso de  enseñanza-aprendizaje de los adolescentes. 

Palabras clave:

procesos educativos, compromiso del alumno, ambiente de clase, motivación del alumno, apoyo a la autonomía, logro académico

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