Interpreting in Flemish Hospitals: Interpreters’ View and Healthcare Workers’ Expectations
Abstract
In Flanders (Belgium) social interpreters and intercultural mediators help bridge the communication gap between foreign language speaking patients and healthcare workers. This paper reports on a comparative survey among social interpreters and intercultural mediators with a focus on how they perceive their role and tasks as interpreters in a healthcare setting. We examine if this is related to different codes of conduct and task descriptions. The survey showed that intercultural mediators feel that they can take on various roles, and have a whole range of responsibilities and duties, much more than social interpreters. In practice, social interpreters find it difficult to stick to their code of conduct. Another survey among healthcare workers working inside a hospital revealed that, in general, their expectations of an interpreter correspond more to the profile of an intercultural mediator than to the profile of a social interpreter.
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Angelelli, Claudia V. 2004. Revisiting the interpreter's role: A study of conference, court, and medical interpreters in Canada, Mexico and the United States. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.55
Angelelli, Claudia V. 2006. «Validating Professional Standards and Codes. Challenges and Opportunities». Interpreting 8 (2): 175-193. https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.8.2.04ang
Bancroft, Marjory A. 2015. «Community interpreting: A profession rooted in social justice». In The Routledge Handbook of Interpreting, ed. by Holly Mikkelson & Renée Jourdenais. London: Routledge: 217-235.
Bot, Hanneke. 2005. Dialog Interpreting in Mental Health. Amsterdam: Rodopi Publishers.
CCHI, Certification Commission for Healthcare Interpreters. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.cchicertification.org/.
CHIA, California Healthcare Interpreting Association. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.chiaonline.org/.
Corsellis, Ann. 2008. Public Service Interpreting. The First Steps. New York: Palgrave Macmillian. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230581951
Council of Europe. 2001. Common European framework of reference for languages: learning, teaching, assessment. Accessed March 3, 2017. http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/Source/Framework_EN.pdf.
De Bontridder, Leen; De Groote, Robin. 2011. Handboek: Basisopleiding Sociaal Tolken [Handbook: basic training Social Interpreting]. Brussels: COC Sociaal tolken en vertalen.
de Greef, M; Segers, M. 2016. Van gezonde taal naar familietaal naar werktaal. Een literatuuronderzoek naar de problematiek van taal en impact van specifieke taalprogramma's in zes levensdomeinen. Maastricht University. Accessed April 20, 2017. https://www.lezenenschrijven.nl/uploads/editor/Van_gezonde_taal_tot_familietaal_naar_werktaal_literatuurstudie_LS_MU_juni2016_.pdf.
Federal Public Service. 2014. «Interculturele Bemiddeling in de Gezondheidszorg» [intercultural mediation in healthcare]. Accessed September 22, 2016. www.intercult.be
Federal Public Service. 2016. Gids voor de interculturele Bemiddeling in de gezondheidszorg [Guide for intercultural mediation in healthcare]. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.health.belgium.be/nl/gids-voor-de-interculturele-bemiddeling-de-gezondheidszorg.
Flores Glenn. 2005. «The impact of medical interpreter services on the quality of health care: a systematic review». Medical Care Research & Review, 62 (3): 255-299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558705275416
Green Judith. et al. 2004. «Translators and mediators: Bilingual young people's accounts of their interpreting work in health care». Social Science and Medicine, 60: 2097-2110.
Hale, Sandra. 2011. Public Service Interpreting. In The Oxford Handbook of Translation Studies, ed. by Kirsten Malmkjær & Kevin Windle. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 343-357.
Junction Migration-Integration. 2013. «Deontologische Code Sociaal Tolken» [deontological code for social interpreters]. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.kruispuntmi.be/sites/default/files/bestanden/documenten/deontologische_code_sociaal_tolken.pdf.
Junction Migration-Integration. 2014. «Wat is sociaal tolken?» [What is social interpreting?]. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.kruispuntmi.be/thema/sociaal-tolken-en-vertalen/wat-is-sociaal-tolkenvertalen/wat-is-sociaal-tolken.
NCIHC, National Council on Interpreting in Health Care. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.ncihc.org/.
Pelfrene, Edwin & Van Peer, Christine (eds). 2014. «Internationale migraties en migranten in Vlaanderen» [International migration and migrants in Flanders]. Accessed February 28, 2017. https://www.vlaanderen.be/nl/publicaties/detail/internationale-migraties-en-migranten-in-vlaanderen.
Pöchhacker Franz and Shlesinger Miriam. (eds). 2007. Healthcare interpreting. Philiadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Sociaal-Economische Raad van Vlaanderen. 2008. «Beroepscompetentieprofiel: Sociaal Tolk». Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.kruispuntmi.be/sites/default/files/bestanden/documenten/beroepscompetentieprofiel_sociaal_tolk.pdf.
Uluköylü, Sevgi. 2006. «Manchmal streite ich auch. Sprach- und Kulturmittlung für türkische Migrantinnen im Gesundheitsbereich». In Ich habe mich ganz peinlich gefühlt. Forschung zum Kommunaldolmetschen in Österreich: Problemstellungen, Perspektiven und Potenziale, ed. by Nadja Grbi?, Sonja Pöllabauer. Graz: Institut für Theoretische und Angewandte Translationswissenschaft: 181-228.
United Nations (2015). «International migrant stock 2015». Accessed February 28, 2017. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates15.shtml.
Valero-Garcés, C. & Martin, Anne (eds). 2008. Crossing Borders in Community Interpreting. Definitions and dilemmas. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Van de Geuchte, Sofie and Van Vaerenbergh, Leona. 2013. «Sprach- und Kulturmittlung im Gesundheitsbereich. Die Situation in den Niederlanden und Flandern». Transkom 6 (2), 420-440. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.trans-kom.eu/bd06nr02/trans-kom_06_02_07_Geuchte_Vaerenbergh_Gesundheit.20131212.pdf.
Verrept, Hans. 2013. «Interculturele communicatie: wat bestaat er en wat kost het…». Federal Public Service for Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.nvkvv.be/file?fle=557341&ssn=194230ace24e98423aac8d673598a7
Wadensjö, Cecilia. 1995. «Dialogue interpreting and the distribution of responsibility». Hermes, Journal of linguistics 14: 111–129.
Wadensjö, Cecilia. 1998. Interpreting as Interaction. London: Longman.
Angelelli, Claudia V. 2006. «Validating Professional Standards and Codes. Challenges and Opportunities». Interpreting 8 (2): 175-193. https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.8.2.04ang
Bancroft, Marjory A. 2015. «Community interpreting: A profession rooted in social justice». In The Routledge Handbook of Interpreting, ed. by Holly Mikkelson & Renée Jourdenais. London: Routledge: 217-235.
Bot, Hanneke. 2005. Dialog Interpreting in Mental Health. Amsterdam: Rodopi Publishers.
CCHI, Certification Commission for Healthcare Interpreters. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.cchicertification.org/.
CHIA, California Healthcare Interpreting Association. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.chiaonline.org/.
Corsellis, Ann. 2008. Public Service Interpreting. The First Steps. New York: Palgrave Macmillian. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230581951
Council of Europe. 2001. Common European framework of reference for languages: learning, teaching, assessment. Accessed March 3, 2017. http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/Source/Framework_EN.pdf.
De Bontridder, Leen; De Groote, Robin. 2011. Handboek: Basisopleiding Sociaal Tolken [Handbook: basic training Social Interpreting]. Brussels: COC Sociaal tolken en vertalen.
de Greef, M; Segers, M. 2016. Van gezonde taal naar familietaal naar werktaal. Een literatuuronderzoek naar de problematiek van taal en impact van specifieke taalprogramma's in zes levensdomeinen. Maastricht University. Accessed April 20, 2017. https://www.lezenenschrijven.nl/uploads/editor/Van_gezonde_taal_tot_familietaal_naar_werktaal_literatuurstudie_LS_MU_juni2016_.pdf.
Federal Public Service. 2014. «Interculturele Bemiddeling in de Gezondheidszorg» [intercultural mediation in healthcare]. Accessed September 22, 2016. www.intercult.be
Federal Public Service. 2016. Gids voor de interculturele Bemiddeling in de gezondheidszorg [Guide for intercultural mediation in healthcare]. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.health.belgium.be/nl/gids-voor-de-interculturele-bemiddeling-de-gezondheidszorg.
Flores Glenn. 2005. «The impact of medical interpreter services on the quality of health care: a systematic review». Medical Care Research & Review, 62 (3): 255-299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558705275416
Green Judith. et al. 2004. «Translators and mediators: Bilingual young people's accounts of their interpreting work in health care». Social Science and Medicine, 60: 2097-2110.
Hale, Sandra. 2011. Public Service Interpreting. In The Oxford Handbook of Translation Studies, ed. by Kirsten Malmkjær & Kevin Windle. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 343-357.
Junction Migration-Integration. 2013. «Deontologische Code Sociaal Tolken» [deontological code for social interpreters]. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.kruispuntmi.be/sites/default/files/bestanden/documenten/deontologische_code_sociaal_tolken.pdf.
Junction Migration-Integration. 2014. «Wat is sociaal tolken?» [What is social interpreting?]. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.kruispuntmi.be/thema/sociaal-tolken-en-vertalen/wat-is-sociaal-tolkenvertalen/wat-is-sociaal-tolken.
NCIHC, National Council on Interpreting in Health Care. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.ncihc.org/.
Pelfrene, Edwin & Van Peer, Christine (eds). 2014. «Internationale migraties en migranten in Vlaanderen» [International migration and migrants in Flanders]. Accessed February 28, 2017. https://www.vlaanderen.be/nl/publicaties/detail/internationale-migraties-en-migranten-in-vlaanderen.
Pöchhacker Franz and Shlesinger Miriam. (eds). 2007. Healthcare interpreting. Philiadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Sociaal-Economische Raad van Vlaanderen. 2008. «Beroepscompetentieprofiel: Sociaal Tolk». Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.kruispuntmi.be/sites/default/files/bestanden/documenten/beroepscompetentieprofiel_sociaal_tolk.pdf.
Uluköylü, Sevgi. 2006. «Manchmal streite ich auch. Sprach- und Kulturmittlung für türkische Migrantinnen im Gesundheitsbereich». In Ich habe mich ganz peinlich gefühlt. Forschung zum Kommunaldolmetschen in Österreich: Problemstellungen, Perspektiven und Potenziale, ed. by Nadja Grbi?, Sonja Pöllabauer. Graz: Institut für Theoretische und Angewandte Translationswissenschaft: 181-228.
United Nations (2015). «International migrant stock 2015». Accessed February 28, 2017. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates15.shtml.
Valero-Garcés, C. & Martin, Anne (eds). 2008. Crossing Borders in Community Interpreting. Definitions and dilemmas. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Van de Geuchte, Sofie and Van Vaerenbergh, Leona. 2013. «Sprach- und Kulturmittlung im Gesundheitsbereich. Die Situation in den Niederlanden und Flandern». Transkom 6 (2), 420-440. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.trans-kom.eu/bd06nr02/trans-kom_06_02_07_Geuchte_Vaerenbergh_Gesundheit.20131212.pdf.
Verrept, Hans. 2013. «Interculturele communicatie: wat bestaat er en wat kost het…». Federal Public Service for Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment. Accessed September 22, 2016. http://www.nvkvv.be/file?fle=557341&ssn=194230ace24e98423aac8d673598a7
Wadensjö, Cecilia. 1995. «Dialogue interpreting and the distribution of responsibility». Hermes, Journal of linguistics 14: 111–129.
Wadensjö, Cecilia. 1998. Interpreting as Interaction. London: Longman.
Van De Geuchte, S., & Van Vaerenbergh, L. (2017). Interpreting in Flemish Hospitals: Interpreters’ View and Healthcare Workers’ Expectations. CLINA Revista Interdisciplinaria De Traducción Interpretación Y Comunicación Intercultural, 3(1), 117–144. https://doi.org/10.14201/clina201731117144
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