Partidos políticos versus presidentes. Un análisis de la congruencia ideológica en América Latina
Resumen Este estudio apunta a la congruencia política en las democracias presidenciales latinoamericanas. Analiza los niveles de congruencia ideológica entre los partidos y los candidatos presidenciales con sus votantes. Los datos utilizados provienen del Barómetro de las Américas en la Universidad de Vanderbilt y del Proyecto de las Élites Latinoamericanas en la Universidad de Salamanca para 11 países latinoamericanos entre 2004 y 2014. Los resultados concluyen que los vínculos ideológicos en América Latina son variados. Los votantes tienden a ser más congruentes con los partidos políticos por los que votan en el legislativo que con los candidatos que votan por el presidente, lo que refuerza la idea de doble legitimidad y doble representación en estos países. El radicalismo y el número de partidos y candidatos aparecen como las variables más significativas para explicar la congruencia ideológica.
- Referencias
- Cómo citar
- Del mismo autor
- Métricas
Achen, C. (1978), 'Measuring Representation', American Journal of Political Science, XXII (3): 475-510. DOI: 10.2307/2110458. - https://doi.org/10.2307/2110458
Andeweg, R. (2011), 'Approaching Perfect Policy Congruence: Measurement, Development, and Relevance for Political Representation', How Democracy Works: 39-52. DOI: 10.1515/9789048513369-004. - https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048513369-004
Belchior, A. (2010), 'Ideological Congruence among European Political Parties', The Journal of Legislative Studies, 16 (1): 121-142. DOI: 10.1080/13572330903542191. - https://doi.org/10.1080/13572330903542191
Belchior, A. and Freire, A. (2013), 'Is party type relevant to an explanation of policy congruence? Catchall versus ideological parties in the Portuguese case', International Political Science Review 34(3):273-288. DOI: 10.1177/0192512112467215. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512112467215
Blais, A.and Bodet, M. (2006), 'Does Proportional Representation Foster Closer Congruence between Citizens and Policymakers?', Comparative Political Studies, 36: 1243-1263. DOI: 10.1177/0010414005284374. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414005284374
Buquet, D. and Selios, L. (2016), 'Political Congruence in Uruguay' in Joignant, A. et al (eds), Malaise in representation in Latin American countries. Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. Palgrave Macmillan: 187-210. - https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59955-1_8
Carreras, M. (2013), 'Presidentes outsiders y ministros neófitos: un análisis a través del ejemplo de Fujimori', Revista América Latina Hoy, nº 64: 95-118.
Cheresky, I. (2006), 'Elecciones en América Latina: poder presidencial y liderazgo político bajo la presión de la movilización de la opinión pública y la ciudadanía', Revista Nueva Sociedad, nº 206: 14- 26.
Crespo, I., Garrido, A. and Riorda, M. (2008), La conquista del poder. Elecciones y campañas presidenciales en América Latina, Buenos Aires, La Crujía/Junta Nacional de Elecciones.
Dalton Russell J. (1985), 'Political Parties and Political Representation: Party Supporters and Party Elites in Nine Nations', Comparative Political Studies, 18: 267-299. DOI: 10.1177/0010414085018003001. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414085018003001
Dalton, R. (2017), 'Party representation across multiple issue dimensions', Party Politics: 1-14. DOI: 10.1177/1354068815614515. - https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815614515
Efron, B. and Tibshirani, R.J. (1993), An Introduction to the Bootstrap, Chapman & Hall, New York. - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9
Golder, M. and Stramski, J. (2010), 'Ideological Congruence and Electoral Institutions', American Journal of Political Science, 54: 90-106. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00420.x. - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00420.x
Harbers, I.; De Vries, C. and Steenbergen, M. (2012), Attitude Variability Among Latin American Publics: How Party System Structuration Affects Left/Right Ideology. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 46 (8): 947-967. DOI: 10.1177/0010414012454409. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414012454409
Herrera, M. and Morales, M. (2018), 'Congruencia programática en el Cono Sur. Argentina, Chile y Uruguay en perspectiva comparada', Opinao Pública, Campinas, vol. 24, nº 2, maio-agosto, p. 405-426. DOI: 10.1590/1807-01912018242405. - https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-01912018242405
Holmberg, A. (2000), 'Scandinavian Stylistic Fronting: How Any Category Can Become an Expletive', Linguistic Inquiry 31: 445-484. - https://doi.org/10.1162/002438900554406
Kitschelt, H., Hawkins, K. A., Luna, J. P., Rosas, G. and Zechmeister, E. J. (2010), Latin American Party Systems, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. - https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511750311
Laakso, M. and Taagepera, R. (1979), 'E?ective Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe', Comparative Political Studies 12: 3-27. DOI: 10.1177/001041407901200101. - https://doi.org/10.1177/001041407901200101
Linz, J. (1990), 'The perils of presidentialism', Journal of Democracy, Vol.1, Nº1, winter: 51-69.
Linz, J. (1994), 'Presidentialism or Parliamentarism: Does it Make a Difference?', in Linz, Juan J. and Valenzuela, A. (eds.) The Failure of Presidential Democracy, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
Luna, J. and Zechmeister, E. (2005), 'Representation in Latina America: A Study of Elite-Mass Congruence in Nine Countries', Comparative Political Studies, 38 (4): 388-416. DOI: 10.1177/0010414004273205. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414004273205
Luna J.P. (2014), Segmented Representation. Political Party Strategies in Unequal Democracies. Oxford: Oxford Studies in Democratization. - https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199642649.001.0001
Lupu, N., and Warner, Z. (2016), 'Mass-Elite Congruence and Representation in Argentina', in Joignant, A. et al (eds), Malaise in representation in Latin American countries. Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. Palgrave Macmillan: 281-302. - https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59955-1_12
Lupu, N., Selios, L. and Warner, Z. (2017), 'A New Measure of Congruence: The Earth Mover's Distance', Political Analysis, vol. 25:95-113. DOI: 10.1017/pan.2017.2. - https://doi.org/10.1017/pan.2017.2
Mainwaring, S. (2006), 'The crisis of representation in the Andes', Journal of Democracy, vol. 16, 3: 13-27. - https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2006.0048
Mattila, M.and Raunio, T. (2006): 'Cautious Voters-Supportive Parties. Opinion Congruence between Voters and Parties on the EU Dimension', European Union Politics, vol. 7, nº 4: 427-449. DOI: 10.1177/1465116506069434. - https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116506069434
McAllister, I. and Studlar, D. T. (1991), 'Bandwagon, underdog, or projection? Opinion polls and electoral choice in Britain, 1979-1987', Journal of Politics, 53, pp. 720-741. DOI: 10.2307/2131577. - https://doi.org/10.2307/2131577
Miller, W. and Stokes, D. (1963), 'Constituency Influence in Congress', American Political Science Review, 57: 45-56. DOI: 10.2307/1952717. - https://doi.org/10.2307/1952717
Miller, W. et al. (1999), Policy Representation in Western Democracies, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Otero-Felipe, P. (2014), 'Party-voter linkages. A Comparative View of Ideology and European Integration', Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 146: 139-168.
Otero-Felipe, P. and Rodríguez Zepeda, J. (2010), 'Measuring Political Representation in Latin America: A Study of the Ideological Congruence between Parties and Voters', paper presented at the conference of the American Political Science Association, Washington D.C.
Otero-Felipe, P. and Rodríguez Zepeda, J. (2014), 'Vínculos ideológicos y éxito electoral'. Política y Gobierno, XXI (1), 159-200.
Pedersen, M. (1990), 'Electoral Volatility in Europe, 1948-1977', en Peter Mair (ed.), The West European Party System, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pierce, R. (1999), 'Conclusion: Mixed signals', Policy Representation in Western Democracies, ed. Warren E. Miller, Jacques Thomassen, Richard Herrera, Sören Holmberg, Peter Esaiasson and Bernhard Wessels, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Rodríguez Zepeda, J.A. (2017), 'Congruencia temática entre ciudadanos y representantes en América Latina: una perspectiva multidimensional'. Revista Debates, 11 (3), 29- 56. - https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-5269.77459
Ruiz, Leticia M. (2008): 'Programmatic Coherence', en M. Alcántara (ed.), Politicians and Politics in Latin America, Lynne Rinner (173-194).
Singer, M. (2016), 'Elite Polarization and the Electoral Impact of Left-Right Placements: Evidence from Latin America, 1995-2009', Latin American Research Review, vol. 51 (2), 174-194. - https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2016.0022
Thomassen, J. and Hermann, S. (1999), 'Introduction: political representation and legitimacy in the European Union', in Hermann Schmitt and Jacques Thomassen (eds.), Political Representation and Legitimacy in the European Union, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press: 3-21. - https://doi.org/10.1093/0198296614.003.0001
Trak, J. M. (2011), 'Partidos de gobierno, partidos y presidentes en 13 países de América Latina',http://americo.usal.es/oir/elites/Boletines_PNUD/Boletin%20PNUD%207.pdf
Weissberg, R. (1978), 'Collective vs. Dyadic Representation in Congress', American Political Science Review, 72: 535-547. DOI: 10.2307/1954109. - https://doi.org/10.2307/1954109
Zechmeister, E. and Corral (2013), 'Individual and Contextual Constraints on Ideological Labels in Latin America', Comparative Political Studies, 46(6):675-701. DOI:10.1177/0010414012463880. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414012463880
Andeweg, R. (2011), 'Approaching Perfect Policy Congruence: Measurement, Development, and Relevance for Political Representation', How Democracy Works: 39-52. DOI: 10.1515/9789048513369-004. - https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048513369-004
Belchior, A. (2010), 'Ideological Congruence among European Political Parties', The Journal of Legislative Studies, 16 (1): 121-142. DOI: 10.1080/13572330903542191. - https://doi.org/10.1080/13572330903542191
Belchior, A. and Freire, A. (2013), 'Is party type relevant to an explanation of policy congruence? Catchall versus ideological parties in the Portuguese case', International Political Science Review 34(3):273-288. DOI: 10.1177/0192512112467215. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512112467215
Blais, A.and Bodet, M. (2006), 'Does Proportional Representation Foster Closer Congruence between Citizens and Policymakers?', Comparative Political Studies, 36: 1243-1263. DOI: 10.1177/0010414005284374. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414005284374
Buquet, D. and Selios, L. (2016), 'Political Congruence in Uruguay' in Joignant, A. et al (eds), Malaise in representation in Latin American countries. Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. Palgrave Macmillan: 187-210. - https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59955-1_8
Carreras, M. (2013), 'Presidentes outsiders y ministros neófitos: un análisis a través del ejemplo de Fujimori', Revista América Latina Hoy, nº 64: 95-118.
Cheresky, I. (2006), 'Elecciones en América Latina: poder presidencial y liderazgo político bajo la presión de la movilización de la opinión pública y la ciudadanía', Revista Nueva Sociedad, nº 206: 14- 26.
Crespo, I., Garrido, A. and Riorda, M. (2008), La conquista del poder. Elecciones y campañas presidenciales en América Latina, Buenos Aires, La Crujía/Junta Nacional de Elecciones.
Dalton Russell J. (1985), 'Political Parties and Political Representation: Party Supporters and Party Elites in Nine Nations', Comparative Political Studies, 18: 267-299. DOI: 10.1177/0010414085018003001. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414085018003001
Dalton, R. (2017), 'Party representation across multiple issue dimensions', Party Politics: 1-14. DOI: 10.1177/1354068815614515. - https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815614515
Efron, B. and Tibshirani, R.J. (1993), An Introduction to the Bootstrap, Chapman & Hall, New York. - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9
Golder, M. and Stramski, J. (2010), 'Ideological Congruence and Electoral Institutions', American Journal of Political Science, 54: 90-106. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00420.x. - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00420.x
Harbers, I.; De Vries, C. and Steenbergen, M. (2012), Attitude Variability Among Latin American Publics: How Party System Structuration Affects Left/Right Ideology. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 46 (8): 947-967. DOI: 10.1177/0010414012454409. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414012454409
Herrera, M. and Morales, M. (2018), 'Congruencia programática en el Cono Sur. Argentina, Chile y Uruguay en perspectiva comparada', Opinao Pública, Campinas, vol. 24, nº 2, maio-agosto, p. 405-426. DOI: 10.1590/1807-01912018242405. - https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-01912018242405
Holmberg, A. (2000), 'Scandinavian Stylistic Fronting: How Any Category Can Become an Expletive', Linguistic Inquiry 31: 445-484. - https://doi.org/10.1162/002438900554406
Kitschelt, H., Hawkins, K. A., Luna, J. P., Rosas, G. and Zechmeister, E. J. (2010), Latin American Party Systems, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. - https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511750311
Laakso, M. and Taagepera, R. (1979), 'E?ective Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe', Comparative Political Studies 12: 3-27. DOI: 10.1177/001041407901200101. - https://doi.org/10.1177/001041407901200101
Linz, J. (1990), 'The perils of presidentialism', Journal of Democracy, Vol.1, Nº1, winter: 51-69.
Linz, J. (1994), 'Presidentialism or Parliamentarism: Does it Make a Difference?', in Linz, Juan J. and Valenzuela, A. (eds.) The Failure of Presidential Democracy, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
Luna, J. and Zechmeister, E. (2005), 'Representation in Latina America: A Study of Elite-Mass Congruence in Nine Countries', Comparative Political Studies, 38 (4): 388-416. DOI: 10.1177/0010414004273205. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414004273205
Luna J.P. (2014), Segmented Representation. Political Party Strategies in Unequal Democracies. Oxford: Oxford Studies in Democratization. - https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199642649.001.0001
Lupu, N., and Warner, Z. (2016), 'Mass-Elite Congruence and Representation in Argentina', in Joignant, A. et al (eds), Malaise in representation in Latin American countries. Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. Palgrave Macmillan: 281-302. - https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59955-1_12
Lupu, N., Selios, L. and Warner, Z. (2017), 'A New Measure of Congruence: The Earth Mover's Distance', Political Analysis, vol. 25:95-113. DOI: 10.1017/pan.2017.2. - https://doi.org/10.1017/pan.2017.2
Mainwaring, S. (2006), 'The crisis of representation in the Andes', Journal of Democracy, vol. 16, 3: 13-27. - https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2006.0048
Mattila, M.and Raunio, T. (2006): 'Cautious Voters-Supportive Parties. Opinion Congruence between Voters and Parties on the EU Dimension', European Union Politics, vol. 7, nº 4: 427-449. DOI: 10.1177/1465116506069434. - https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116506069434
McAllister, I. and Studlar, D. T. (1991), 'Bandwagon, underdog, or projection? Opinion polls and electoral choice in Britain, 1979-1987', Journal of Politics, 53, pp. 720-741. DOI: 10.2307/2131577. - https://doi.org/10.2307/2131577
Miller, W. and Stokes, D. (1963), 'Constituency Influence in Congress', American Political Science Review, 57: 45-56. DOI: 10.2307/1952717. - https://doi.org/10.2307/1952717
Miller, W. et al. (1999), Policy Representation in Western Democracies, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Otero-Felipe, P. (2014), 'Party-voter linkages. A Comparative View of Ideology and European Integration', Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 146: 139-168.
Otero-Felipe, P. and Rodríguez Zepeda, J. (2010), 'Measuring Political Representation in Latin America: A Study of the Ideological Congruence between Parties and Voters', paper presented at the conference of the American Political Science Association, Washington D.C.
Otero-Felipe, P. and Rodríguez Zepeda, J. (2014), 'Vínculos ideológicos y éxito electoral'. Política y Gobierno, XXI (1), 159-200.
Pedersen, M. (1990), 'Electoral Volatility in Europe, 1948-1977', en Peter Mair (ed.), The West European Party System, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pierce, R. (1999), 'Conclusion: Mixed signals', Policy Representation in Western Democracies, ed. Warren E. Miller, Jacques Thomassen, Richard Herrera, Sören Holmberg, Peter Esaiasson and Bernhard Wessels, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Rodríguez Zepeda, J.A. (2017), 'Congruencia temática entre ciudadanos y representantes en América Latina: una perspectiva multidimensional'. Revista Debates, 11 (3), 29- 56. - https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-5269.77459
Ruiz, Leticia M. (2008): 'Programmatic Coherence', en M. Alcántara (ed.), Politicians and Politics in Latin America, Lynne Rinner (173-194).
Singer, M. (2016), 'Elite Polarization and the Electoral Impact of Left-Right Placements: Evidence from Latin America, 1995-2009', Latin American Research Review, vol. 51 (2), 174-194. - https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2016.0022
Thomassen, J. and Hermann, S. (1999), 'Introduction: political representation and legitimacy in the European Union', in Hermann Schmitt and Jacques Thomassen (eds.), Political Representation and Legitimacy in the European Union, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press: 3-21. - https://doi.org/10.1093/0198296614.003.0001
Trak, J. M. (2011), 'Partidos de gobierno, partidos y presidentes en 13 países de América Latina',http://americo.usal.es/oir/elites/Boletines_PNUD/Boletin%20PNUD%207.pdf
Weissberg, R. (1978), 'Collective vs. Dyadic Representation in Congress', American Political Science Review, 72: 535-547. DOI: 10.2307/1954109. - https://doi.org/10.2307/1954109
Zechmeister, E. and Corral (2013), 'Individual and Contextual Constraints on Ideological Labels in Latin America', Comparative Political Studies, 46(6):675-701. DOI:10.1177/0010414012463880. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414012463880
Otero Felipe, P., Mateos, A., & Rivas, C. (2020). Partidos políticos versus presidentes. Un análisis de la congruencia ideológica en América Latina. Revista Latinoamericana De Opinión Pública, 9(1), 119–150. https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22648
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
+
−