¿México dividido? El rol de la ideología, la clasificación social y las actitudes populistas en la polarización afectiva
Resumen La polarización afectiva –o la tendencia a sentir desagrado por votantes de otros partidos– es un fenómeno persistente en México desde las elecciones presidenciales de 2006. Sin embargo, los estudios que analizan sus causas son escasos. Esto es sorpresivo porque varios autores han argumentado que niveles elevados de polarización afectiva amenaza la consolidación y supervivencia de la democracia. Este artículo llena esa laguna explorando el papel de la ideología, la clasificación social y las actitudes populistas en la polarización afectiva usando datos del Estudio Electoral Mexicano de 2018. En línea con las investigaciones existentes en democracias multipartidistas, los resultados presentados aquí indican que los votantes mexicanos forman bloques afectivos sobre bloques ideológicos y sociales, en contraposición a bloques partidistas. Pero son las actitudes populistas las que producen el cambio más importante en los niveles de polarización afectiva. Como tal, este estudio tiene implicaciones para la literatura existente sobre polarización política, comportamiento político y populismo.
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Lewis-Beck, M. S., Norpoth, H., Jacoby, W. G. & Weisberg, H. F. (2009). The American voter revisited. University of Michigan Press.
Lupu, N. (2015). Partisanship in Latin America. The Latin American voter: Pursuing representation and accountability in challenging contexts, 226-245.
Mason, L. (2015). «i disrespectfully agree»: The differential effects of partisan sorting on social and issue polarization. American journal of political science 59(1), 128-145.
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