Biodrama como dispositivo pedagógico contra a violência de gênero em jovens equatorianos
Resumo
A violência de género no Equador intensificou-se, sendo que os jovens reproduzem o sexismo e as concepções que reforçam uma ordem que lhes confere legitimidade.Esta investigação explora o impacto do biodrama "La Manzana de Eva" em jovens universitários, demonstrando uma diminuição do sexismo hostil, maior clareza sobre várias manifestações de violência e a demonstração de emoções transcendentes. São discutidas as implicações desses resultados e a influência dos espectadores nos processos de mudança.
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Abatista, A. y Cova, F. (2023). Are self-transcendent emotions one big family? An empirical taxonomy of positive self-transcendent emotion labels. Affective Science, 4, 731-743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-023-00194-1
Anguita-Martínez, R., Pradena-García, Y. y Fernández-Rodríguez, E. (2021). La performance teatral como dispositivo transferencial crítico de la violencia micromachista en adolescentes. Revista Internacional de Educación para la Justicia Social, 10(2), 27-42. https://doi.org/10.15366/riejs2021.10.2.002
Arias, G., Dennis, C., Loo, S., Lazier, A. L., Moye, K. D., Moye, K. y Butler, J. D. (2020). A space to speak: therapeutic theater to address gender-based violence. Violence Against Women, 26(14), 1771-1789. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801220942835
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
Balasch, M. y Montenegro, M. (2003). Una propuesta metodológica desde la epistemología de los conocimientos situados: las producciones narrativas. Encuentros en Psicología Social, 1(3), 44-48.
Bareket, O. y Fiske, S. T. (2023). A systematic review of the ambivalent sexism literature: Hostile sexism protects men’s power; benevolent sexism guards traditional gender roles. Psychological Bulletin, 149(11-12), 637-698. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000400
Belknap, R. A., Haglund, K., Felzer, H., Pruszynski, J. y Schneider, J. (2013). A theater intervention to prevent teen dating violence for Mexican-American middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.02.006
Carofilis Cedeño, C. y Guarderas-Albuja, P. (2023). De las producciones narrativas a la fabulación feminista: La Manzana de Eva. Nómadas, 57, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.30578/nomadas.n57a14
Chapleau, K. M., Oswald, D. L. y Russell, B. L. (2007). How ambivalent sexism toward women and men support rape myth acceptance. Sex Roles, 57, 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9196-2
Clay-Warner, J., Tinkler, J., Groh, S. M., Smith, K. M. y Potter, S. (2024). What will people think? How college students evaluate bystander intervention behavior. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 40(5-6), 1271-1295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260524125900
Crisp, B. R. y Taket, A. (2023). Using a theatre-based programme to prevent gender-based violence: evidence from Australia. Health Promotion International, 38(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac025
Congreso Nacional del Ecuador. (2001). Ley de la Juventud (Ley n.º 49). Registro Oficial n.º 439, 24 de octubre de 2001. Última modificación: 7 de julio de 2014. https://www.lexis.com.ec
Cuevas, C., Matamala, J., Sepúlveda, F., Barrera, M. y Maureira, F. (2023). Incidencia de variables sociodemográficas en el sexismo en estudiantes de Educación Física. Revista Ciencias de la Actividad Física UCM, 24(1), enero-junio, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.29035/rcaf.24.1.12
Cusi, O., Pizarro, J., Alfaro-Beracoechea, L., Paéz, D. y Carrera, P. (2018). Elevación o inspiración moral: creación y validación de una escala de elevación en castellano. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología Positiva, 4, 39-56.
Draper, S. (2014). Effervescence and solidarity in religious organizations. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 53(2), 229-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12109
Expósito, F., Moya, M. C. y Glick, P. (2014). Sexismo ambivalente: medición y correlatos. Revista de Psicología Social, 13(2), 159-169. https://doi.org/10.1174/021347498760350641
Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Positivity. Three Rivers Press.
Garaigordobil, M. y Aliri, J. (2013). Ambivalent sexism inventory: Standardization and normative data in a sample of the Basque Country. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 21(1), 173-186.
Glick, P. y Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512.
Glick, P. y Fiske, S. T. (2011). Ambivalent sexism revisited. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35(3), 530-535.
Gracia, E., Herrero, J. y Lila, M. (2010). Percepciones y actitudes hacia la violencia de pareja contra la mujer en inmigrantes latinoamericanos en España. Psychosocial Intervention, 19(2), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.5093/in2010v19n2a5
Guarderas-Albuja, P. (2016). Silencios y acentos en la construcción de la violencia de género como un problema social en Quito. Íconos-Revista de Ciencias Sociales, (55), 191-213. https://doi.org/10.17141/iconos.55.2016.1700
Guarderas-Albuja, P., Zumárraga-Espinosa, M., Ramírez-Ocaña, X. y Luzuriaga, J. (2025). The aftermath of campus sexual harassment: Psychological and academic effects. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 81, 100748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100748
Hopkins-Doyle, A., Petterson, A. L., Leach, S., Zibell, H., Chobthamkit, P., Binti Abdul Rahim, S., Blake, J., Bosco, C., Cherrie-Rees, K., Beadle, A., Cock, V., Greer, H., Jankowska, A., Macdonald, K., Scott English, A., Wai Lan Yeung, V., Asano, R., Beattie, P., Bernardo, A., … y Sutton, R. M. (2024). The misandry myth: An inaccurate stereotype about feminists’ attitudes toward men. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 48(1), 8-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843231202708
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas del Ecuador [INEC]. (2019). Encuesta Nacional sobre Relaciones Familiares y Violencia de Género contra las Mujeres – ENVIGMU. https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/violencia-de-genero/
Jacobs, T. P. y McConnell, A. R. (2022). Self-transcendent emotion dispositions: Greater connections with nature and more sustainable behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 81, 101797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101797
Larrea, M., Guarderas-Albuja, P., Cuvi, J., Almeida, M., Paula, C., Bichara, T., Reyes-Valenzuela, C., Franco, A., Ramos, V., Saeteros, R., Carrión, B., Peñaherrera, S., Altamirano, G. y Tello, J. (2023). Visibilización de una lacerante situación: el acoso sexual en las universidades de Ecuador. En P. Guarderas-Albuja, J. Cuvi, M. Larrea, B. Reyes Masa y B. Carrión Berrú (Eds.), Acoso sexual y universidad. Realidades, debates y experiencias en el Ecuador (pp. 19-37). Abya Yala. https://doi.org/10.17163/abyaups.21
Magwegwe, E. (2024). Breaking the silence: Participatory forum theatre and gender-based violence prevention in mining communities. A case study of Makusha, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe. Society, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-024-01010-7
Marhayati, N., Suryani, S., Badriyah, L. y Sitorus, I. R. (2024). Cultivating a culture of intervention: Bystander programs and the prevention of sexual violence. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(6), 831-850. https://doi.org/ 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2169
Martínez-Baquero, L. y Vallejo-Medina, P. (2024). Evaluation of ambivalent sexism in Colombia and validation of the ASI and AMI brief scales. PLoS ONE, 19(2), e0297981. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297981
Mitchell, K. S. y Freitag, J. L. (2011). Forum theatre for bystanders: A new model for gender violence prevention. Violence Against Women, 17(8), 990-1013. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012114171
Novelli, D., Drury, J., Reicher, S. y Stott, C (2013). Crowdedness mediates the effect of social identification on positive emotion in a crowd: A survey of two crowd events. PLoS ONE, 8(11), e78983. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078983
ONU Mujeres. (2024). Alerta de género ante la declaración de Conflicto Armado Interno Ecuador. Marzo, 2024. ONU Mujeres. https://ecuador.unwomen.org/es/digital-library/publications/2024/04/alerta-de-genero-ante-la-declaracion-de-conflicto-armado-interno-en-ecuador-marzo-2024
Osuna-Rodríguez, M., Amor, M. I. y Dios, I. (2023). An evaluation of university students’ perceptions of gender violence–A study of its prevalence in southern Spain. Education Sciences, 13(2), 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020178
Osuna-Rodríguez, M., Rodríguez-Osuna, L. M., Dios, I. y Amor, M. I. (2020). Perception of gender-based violence and sexual harassment in university students: Analysis of the information sources and risk within a relationship. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113754
Pizarro, J. J., Zumeta, L. N., Bouchat, P., Włodarczyk, A., Rimé, B., Basabe, N. y Páez, D. (2022). Emotional processes, collective behavior, and social movements: A meta-analytic review of collective effervescence outcomes during collective gatherings and demonstrations. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 974683. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.974683
Robnett, R. D., Anderson, K. J. y Hunter, L. (2012). Predicting feminist identity: Associations between gender-traditional attitudes, feminist stereotyping, and ethnicity. Sex Roles, 67, 143-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-012-0170-2
Secretaría de Educación Superior, C., Tecnología e Innovación [SENESCYT]. (2018). SENESCYT socializa protocolo de actuación en casos de acoso, discriminación y violencia. https://n9.cl/2ptvd/
Tellas, V., Brownell, P. y Hernández, P. S. (2017). Biodrama: Proyecto archivos: seis documentales escénicos: Editorial de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Van Zomeren, M. (2021). Toward an integrative perspective on distinct positive emotions for political action: Analyzing, comparing, evaluating, and synthesizing three theoretical perspectives. Political Psychology, 42, 173-194. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12795
Wlodarczyk, A., Zumeta, L., Basabe, N., Rimé, B. y Páez, D. (2023). Religious and secular collective gatherings, perceived emotional synchrony and self-transcendent emotions: two longitudinal studies. Current Psychology, 42(6), 4754-4771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01826-0
Yurrebaso Macho, A., Guzmán-Ordaz, R., Picado-Valverde, E. y Jáñez González, Á. (2024). Toward gender understanding: Examining ambivalent sexism among university students and its impact on faculty evaluation. Societies, 14(4), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14040048
Zickfeld, J. H., Schubert, T. W., Seibt, B. y Fiske, A. P. (2019). Moving through the literature: What is the emotion often denoted being moved? Emotion Review, 11(2), 123-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073918820126
Zumeta, L., Castro-Abril, P., Méndez, L., Pizarro, J., Włodarczyk, A., Basabe, N. y Alonso-Arbiol, I., et al. (2020). Collective effervescence, self-transcendence, and gender differences in social well-being during 8 March demonstrations. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 607538. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607538
Anguita-Martínez, R., Pradena-García, Y. y Fernández-Rodríguez, E. (2021). La performance teatral como dispositivo transferencial crítico de la violencia micromachista en adolescentes. Revista Internacional de Educación para la Justicia Social, 10(2), 27-42. https://doi.org/10.15366/riejs2021.10.2.002
Arias, G., Dennis, C., Loo, S., Lazier, A. L., Moye, K. D., Moye, K. y Butler, J. D. (2020). A space to speak: therapeutic theater to address gender-based violence. Violence Against Women, 26(14), 1771-1789. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801220942835
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
Balasch, M. y Montenegro, M. (2003). Una propuesta metodológica desde la epistemología de los conocimientos situados: las producciones narrativas. Encuentros en Psicología Social, 1(3), 44-48.
Bareket, O. y Fiske, S. T. (2023). A systematic review of the ambivalent sexism literature: Hostile sexism protects men’s power; benevolent sexism guards traditional gender roles. Psychological Bulletin, 149(11-12), 637-698. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000400
Belknap, R. A., Haglund, K., Felzer, H., Pruszynski, J. y Schneider, J. (2013). A theater intervention to prevent teen dating violence for Mexican-American middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.02.006
Carofilis Cedeño, C. y Guarderas-Albuja, P. (2023). De las producciones narrativas a la fabulación feminista: La Manzana de Eva. Nómadas, 57, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.30578/nomadas.n57a14
Chapleau, K. M., Oswald, D. L. y Russell, B. L. (2007). How ambivalent sexism toward women and men support rape myth acceptance. Sex Roles, 57, 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9196-2
Clay-Warner, J., Tinkler, J., Groh, S. M., Smith, K. M. y Potter, S. (2024). What will people think? How college students evaluate bystander intervention behavior. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 40(5-6), 1271-1295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260524125900
Crisp, B. R. y Taket, A. (2023). Using a theatre-based programme to prevent gender-based violence: evidence from Australia. Health Promotion International, 38(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac025
Congreso Nacional del Ecuador. (2001). Ley de la Juventud (Ley n.º 49). Registro Oficial n.º 439, 24 de octubre de 2001. Última modificación: 7 de julio de 2014. https://www.lexis.com.ec
Cuevas, C., Matamala, J., Sepúlveda, F., Barrera, M. y Maureira, F. (2023). Incidencia de variables sociodemográficas en el sexismo en estudiantes de Educación Física. Revista Ciencias de la Actividad Física UCM, 24(1), enero-junio, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.29035/rcaf.24.1.12
Cusi, O., Pizarro, J., Alfaro-Beracoechea, L., Paéz, D. y Carrera, P. (2018). Elevación o inspiración moral: creación y validación de una escala de elevación en castellano. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología Positiva, 4, 39-56.
Draper, S. (2014). Effervescence and solidarity in religious organizations. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 53(2), 229-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12109
Expósito, F., Moya, M. C. y Glick, P. (2014). Sexismo ambivalente: medición y correlatos. Revista de Psicología Social, 13(2), 159-169. https://doi.org/10.1174/021347498760350641
Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Positivity. Three Rivers Press.
Garaigordobil, M. y Aliri, J. (2013). Ambivalent sexism inventory: Standardization and normative data in a sample of the Basque Country. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 21(1), 173-186.
Glick, P. y Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512.
Glick, P. y Fiske, S. T. (2011). Ambivalent sexism revisited. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35(3), 530-535.
Gracia, E., Herrero, J. y Lila, M. (2010). Percepciones y actitudes hacia la violencia de pareja contra la mujer en inmigrantes latinoamericanos en España. Psychosocial Intervention, 19(2), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.5093/in2010v19n2a5
Guarderas-Albuja, P. (2016). Silencios y acentos en la construcción de la violencia de género como un problema social en Quito. Íconos-Revista de Ciencias Sociales, (55), 191-213. https://doi.org/10.17141/iconos.55.2016.1700
Guarderas-Albuja, P., Zumárraga-Espinosa, M., Ramírez-Ocaña, X. y Luzuriaga, J. (2025). The aftermath of campus sexual harassment: Psychological and academic effects. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 81, 100748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100748
Hopkins-Doyle, A., Petterson, A. L., Leach, S., Zibell, H., Chobthamkit, P., Binti Abdul Rahim, S., Blake, J., Bosco, C., Cherrie-Rees, K., Beadle, A., Cock, V., Greer, H., Jankowska, A., Macdonald, K., Scott English, A., Wai Lan Yeung, V., Asano, R., Beattie, P., Bernardo, A., … y Sutton, R. M. (2024). The misandry myth: An inaccurate stereotype about feminists’ attitudes toward men. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 48(1), 8-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843231202708
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas del Ecuador [INEC]. (2019). Encuesta Nacional sobre Relaciones Familiares y Violencia de Género contra las Mujeres – ENVIGMU. https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/violencia-de-genero/
Jacobs, T. P. y McConnell, A. R. (2022). Self-transcendent emotion dispositions: Greater connections with nature and more sustainable behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 81, 101797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101797
Larrea, M., Guarderas-Albuja, P., Cuvi, J., Almeida, M., Paula, C., Bichara, T., Reyes-Valenzuela, C., Franco, A., Ramos, V., Saeteros, R., Carrión, B., Peñaherrera, S., Altamirano, G. y Tello, J. (2023). Visibilización de una lacerante situación: el acoso sexual en las universidades de Ecuador. En P. Guarderas-Albuja, J. Cuvi, M. Larrea, B. Reyes Masa y B. Carrión Berrú (Eds.), Acoso sexual y universidad. Realidades, debates y experiencias en el Ecuador (pp. 19-37). Abya Yala. https://doi.org/10.17163/abyaups.21
Magwegwe, E. (2024). Breaking the silence: Participatory forum theatre and gender-based violence prevention in mining communities. A case study of Makusha, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe. Society, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-024-01010-7
Marhayati, N., Suryani, S., Badriyah, L. y Sitorus, I. R. (2024). Cultivating a culture of intervention: Bystander programs and the prevention of sexual violence. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(6), 831-850. https://doi.org/ 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2169
Martínez-Baquero, L. y Vallejo-Medina, P. (2024). Evaluation of ambivalent sexism in Colombia and validation of the ASI and AMI brief scales. PLoS ONE, 19(2), e0297981. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297981
Mitchell, K. S. y Freitag, J. L. (2011). Forum theatre for bystanders: A new model for gender violence prevention. Violence Against Women, 17(8), 990-1013. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012114171
Novelli, D., Drury, J., Reicher, S. y Stott, C (2013). Crowdedness mediates the effect of social identification on positive emotion in a crowd: A survey of two crowd events. PLoS ONE, 8(11), e78983. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078983
ONU Mujeres. (2024). Alerta de género ante la declaración de Conflicto Armado Interno Ecuador. Marzo, 2024. ONU Mujeres. https://ecuador.unwomen.org/es/digital-library/publications/2024/04/alerta-de-genero-ante-la-declaracion-de-conflicto-armado-interno-en-ecuador-marzo-2024
Osuna-Rodríguez, M., Amor, M. I. y Dios, I. (2023). An evaluation of university students’ perceptions of gender violence–A study of its prevalence in southern Spain. Education Sciences, 13(2), 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020178
Osuna-Rodríguez, M., Rodríguez-Osuna, L. M., Dios, I. y Amor, M. I. (2020). Perception of gender-based violence and sexual harassment in university students: Analysis of the information sources and risk within a relationship. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113754
Pizarro, J. J., Zumeta, L. N., Bouchat, P., Włodarczyk, A., Rimé, B., Basabe, N. y Páez, D. (2022). Emotional processes, collective behavior, and social movements: A meta-analytic review of collective effervescence outcomes during collective gatherings and demonstrations. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 974683. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.974683
Robnett, R. D., Anderson, K. J. y Hunter, L. (2012). Predicting feminist identity: Associations between gender-traditional attitudes, feminist stereotyping, and ethnicity. Sex Roles, 67, 143-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-012-0170-2
Secretaría de Educación Superior, C., Tecnología e Innovación [SENESCYT]. (2018). SENESCYT socializa protocolo de actuación en casos de acoso, discriminación y violencia. https://n9.cl/2ptvd/
Tellas, V., Brownell, P. y Hernández, P. S. (2017). Biodrama: Proyecto archivos: seis documentales escénicos: Editorial de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Van Zomeren, M. (2021). Toward an integrative perspective on distinct positive emotions for political action: Analyzing, comparing, evaluating, and synthesizing three theoretical perspectives. Political Psychology, 42, 173-194. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12795
Wlodarczyk, A., Zumeta, L., Basabe, N., Rimé, B. y Páez, D. (2023). Religious and secular collective gatherings, perceived emotional synchrony and self-transcendent emotions: two longitudinal studies. Current Psychology, 42(6), 4754-4771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01826-0
Yurrebaso Macho, A., Guzmán-Ordaz, R., Picado-Valverde, E. y Jáñez González, Á. (2024). Toward gender understanding: Examining ambivalent sexism among university students and its impact on faculty evaluation. Societies, 14(4), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14040048
Zickfeld, J. H., Schubert, T. W., Seibt, B. y Fiske, A. P. (2019). Moving through the literature: What is the emotion often denoted being moved? Emotion Review, 11(2), 123-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073918820126
Zumeta, L., Castro-Abril, P., Méndez, L., Pizarro, J., Włodarczyk, A., Basabe, N. y Alonso-Arbiol, I., et al. (2020). Collective effervescence, self-transcendence, and gender differences in social well-being during 8 March demonstrations. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 607538. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607538
Guarderas-Albuja, P., Carofilis-Cedeño, C., Reyes-Valenzuela, C., & Mantilla-Briceño, Y. M. (2025). Biodrama como dispositivo pedagógico contra a violência de gênero em jovens equatorianos. América Latina Hoy , 95, e32264. https://doi.org/10.14201/alh.32264
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