La relevancia de los recursos cognitivos en un entrenamiento de natación sincronizada: el caso de andamiajes y affordances
Resumen En el entrenamiento de natación sincronizada confluyen elementos artísticos y deportivos de alta competitividad. Nos preguntamos cómo contribuyen los andamiajes y affordances a la estabilización de los recursos cognitivos de la entrenadora y de las nadadoras del equipo olímpico español de natación sincronizada. Vamos a detenernos en qué se entiende por recursos cognitivos y en los posibles sentidos de andamiaje y affordance. Y examinamos las pautas comunicativas y el proceso de trabajo que da lugar al entrenamiento de natación sincronizada. Proponemos una etnografía cognitiva de los entrenamientos, un método innovador que sistematiza los patrones de actividad de las interacciones locales entre los participantes de la formación deportiva. Hemos utilizado el programa ELAN e incorporado las técnicas de descripción jeffersonianas que provienen del método de análisis conversacional. Los resultados muestran cómo el proceso de entrenamiento implica la interacción en un entorno que incluye otros agentes sociales, recursos materiales y modelos conceptuales que se retroalimentan.
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Pea, R. D. (2004). The social and technological dimensions of scaffolding and related theoretical concepts for learning, education, and human activity. The journal of the learning sciences, 13(3), 423-451. - https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls1303_6
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. y Jefferson, G. (1978). A Simplest Systematic for the Organization of Turn-Taking of Conversation. En Jay Schenkein (Ed.), Studies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction. New York: Academic Press.
Smith, O. F. (2007). Object Artifact, Image Artifacts and Conceptual Artifacts: Beyond the object into the Event. Artifact, 1(1), 4-6. - https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460600610707
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Sydnor, S. (1998). A history of synchronized swimming. Body Politics, 21, 252-267.
Vygotsky, Lev. (1978). Interaction between learning and development. En L. Vygotsky (Ed.), Mind in society (pp. 79-91). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Wacquant, Loic. (2004). Body and Soul: Notes of an Apprentice Boxer. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wilson, V. E. (1977). Objectivity and effect of order of appearance in judging of synchronized swimming meets. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 44(1), 295-298. - https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1977.44.1.295
Williams, Robert F. (2004). Making Meaning from a Clock: Material Artifacts and Conceptual Blending in Time-Telling Instruction. Ph.D. diss., University of California.
Muntanyola-Saura, Dafne (2014). A cognitive account of expertise: Why Rational Choice Theory is (often) a Fiction. Theory y Psychology, 24, 19-39. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354313513510
Muntanyola-Saura, Dafne (2015). Distributed Marking in Sport Corrections: A Conversation Analysis of Synchronized Swimming. Journal of Cognitive Science, 16(3), 338-354. - https://doi.org/10.17791/jcs.2015.16.3.338
Muntanyola-Saura, Dafne y Kirsh, D. (2010). Marking as Physical Thinking: A Cognitive Ethnography of Dance. En L. A. Pérez Miranda y Aitor Izagirre Madariaga (Eds.), Proceedings of the IWCogSc-10 ILCLI International Workshop on Cognitive Science (pp. 339-355). Donosti: Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea-Servicio de Publicaciones.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). The Systems Model of Creativity. Dordrecht: Springer. - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9085-7
Clark, A. (1997). Being there: Putting body, brain, and world together again. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
D'Andrade, R. (1995). The Development of Cognitive Anhtropology. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. - https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166645
Cicourel, Aaron. (2006). The Interaction of discourse, cognition and culture. Discourse Studies, 8(1), 25-29. - https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445606059547
Garfinkel, Harold. (1967). Studies in Ethnometodology. Los Angeles: Polity Press.
Gibson, J.J., (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Goffman, Erwin. (1961). Asylums. New York: Anchor Books.
Hutchins, E. (1995a). Cognition in the wild. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Hutchins, Ed. (2005). Material Anchors for Conceptual Blends. Journal of Pragmatics, 37, 10. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2004.06.008
Keevallik, L. (2010). Bodily quoting in dance correction. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 43(4), 401-426. - https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2010.518065
Kirsh, D., y Maglio, P. (1994). On distinguishing epistemic from pragmatic action. Cognitive Science, 18, 513-549. - https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1804_1
Kirsh, D. (2013). Embodied Cognition and the Magical Future of Interaction Design. ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction, 20, 1-30. - https://doi.org/10.1145/2442106.2442109
Knorr-Cetina, Karin. (1999). Epistemic Cultures. Cambridge: Harvard UP.
Lozares, C. (ed.) (2007). Interacción, redes sociales y ciencias cognitivas. Granada: Comares.
Mascolo, M. F. (2005). Change processes in development: The concept of coactive scaffolding. New Ideas in Psychology, 23(3), 185-196. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2006.05.002
Michaels, C. F. (2003). Affordances: Four points of debate. Ecological psychology, 15(2), 135-148. - https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326969ECO1502_3
Minsky, M. (1975). A framework for representing knowledge. En P. H. Winston (Ed.), The psychology of computer vision. New York: McGraw-Hill Book.
Mondada, L. (2009). Video recording practices and the reflexive constitution of the interactional order: some systematic uses of the split-screen technique. Human Studies, 32(1), 67-99. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-009-9110-8
Mountjoy, M. (1999). The basics of synchronized swimming and its injuries. Clinics in sports medicine, 18(2), 321-336. - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70148-4
Maglio, P. P., Matlock, T., Raphaely, D., Chernicky, B., y Kirsh D. (1999). Interactive skill in Scrabble. In Proceedings of Twenty-First Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Noë, Alva (2004). Action in Perception. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Noë, A. (2015). Strange Tools: Art and Human Nature. New York: Hill and Wang.
Norman, D. (1999). Affordance, conventions and design. Interactions, 6(3), 38-43. - https://doi.org/10.1145/301153.301168
Pea, R. D. (2004). The social and technological dimensions of scaffolding and related theoretical concepts for learning, education, and human activity. The journal of the learning sciences, 13(3), 423-451. - https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls1303_6
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. y Jefferson, G. (1978). A Simplest Systematic for the Organization of Turn-Taking of Conversation. En Jay Schenkein (Ed.), Studies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction. New York: Academic Press.
Smith, O. F. (2007). Object Artifact, Image Artifacts and Conceptual Artifacts: Beyond the object into the Event. Artifact, 1(1), 4-6. - https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460600610707
Stoffregen, T. A., Bardy, B. G. y Mantel, B. (2006). Affordances in the design of enactive systems. Virtual Reality, 10(1), 4-10. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-006-0025-7
Sydnor, S. (1998). A history of synchronized swimming. Body Politics, 21, 252-267.
Vygotsky, Lev. (1978). Interaction between learning and development. En L. Vygotsky (Ed.), Mind in society (pp. 79-91). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Wacquant, Loic. (2004). Body and Soul: Notes of an Apprentice Boxer. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wilson, V. E. (1977). Objectivity and effect of order of appearance in judging of synchronized swimming meets. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 44(1), 295-298. - https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1977.44.1.295
Williams, Robert F. (2004). Making Meaning from a Clock: Material Artifacts and Conceptual Blending in Time-Telling Instruction. Ph.D. diss., University of California.
Muntanyola, D., Casacuberta, D., & Estany, A. (2018). La relevancia de los recursos cognitivos en un entrenamiento de natación sincronizada: el caso de andamiajes y affordances. ArtefaCToS. Revista De Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La tecnología, 7(1), 51–73. https://doi.org/10.14201/art2018715173
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