Normatividad en estado salvaje. Aportes de Frans de Waal
Resumen Según Frans de Waal, tanto los primates humanos como los primates no humanos poseen instintos, emociones y predisposiciones innatos que facilitan la vida social. Las actividades sociales, como entablar relaciones, participar en objetivos compartidos y mostrar empatía hacia los demás, no son obligaciones impuestas desde el exterior; más bien, son aspectos inherentes y deseables de la vida social. Contra el modelo utilitario del interés propio y la inteligencia maquiavélica, de Waal sugiere una especie de reversión de la gestalt: lejos de ser un mero medio para lograr objetivos individuales, las interacciones sociales son un fin valioso en sí mismas.
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Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A. (Eds.) (1988). Machiavellian intelligence. Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. oxford: Clarendon Press.
Cheney, D. L., & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990). How monkeys see the world: Inside the mind of another species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226218526.001.0001
de Waal, F. B. M. (1991). The chimpanzee’s sense of social regularity and its relation to the human sense of justice. American Behavioral Scientist, 34, 335-349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764291034003005
de Waal, F. B. M. (2003). Social syntax: the if-then structure of social problem solving. In F. B. de Waal & P. Tyack (Eds.), Animal social complexity: intelligence, culture and individualised societies (pp. 230-248). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674419131.c17
de Waal, F. B. M. (2007). The ‘Russian doll’ model of empathy and imitation. Advances in Consciousness Research, 68, 49-72. https://doi.org/10.1075/aicr.68.06waa
de Waal, F. B. M. (2014). Natural normativity: The ‘is’ and ‘ought’ of animal behaviour. Behaviour, 151, 185-204. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003146
de Waal, F. B. M. & Ferrari, P. F. (2010). Towards a bottom-up perspective on animal and human cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(5), 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.03.003
Flack, J., Jeannotte, L., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2004). Play signaling and the perception of social rules by juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 118(2), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.118.2.149
Kaufmann, L. (2019). La Norme du « semblable »: entre moralité, socialité et politique. In I.Rivoal & M.Heintz (Dir.), Morale et cognition : À l’épreuve du terrain (pp. 73-99). Nanterre : Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.pupo.15350
Kaufmann, L. & Clément, F. (2014). Wired for Society: Cognizing pathways to Society and Culture. Topoï, 33(2), 459-475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-014-9236-9
Mondillon, L., Niedenthal, G., Paula, M., & Droit-Volet, S. (2007). Imitation of in-group versus out-group members’ facial expressions of anger: A test with a time perception task. Social Neuroscience, 2(3-4), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470910701376894
Searle, J. (1995). The Construction of Social Reality. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Tomasello, M. & Rakoczy, H. (2007). What Makes Human Cognition Unique? From Individual to Shared to Collective Intentionality. In F. Clément & L. Kaufmann (Eds.), Culture and Society: Some Viewpoints of Cognitive Scientists. Intellectica, 46-47, 25-48. https://doi.org/10.3406/intel.2007.1276
Cheney, D. L., & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990). How monkeys see the world: Inside the mind of another species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226218526.001.0001
de Waal, F. B. M. (1991). The chimpanzee’s sense of social regularity and its relation to the human sense of justice. American Behavioral Scientist, 34, 335-349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764291034003005
de Waal, F. B. M. (2003). Social syntax: the if-then structure of social problem solving. In F. B. de Waal & P. Tyack (Eds.), Animal social complexity: intelligence, culture and individualised societies (pp. 230-248). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674419131.c17
de Waal, F. B. M. (2007). The ‘Russian doll’ model of empathy and imitation. Advances in Consciousness Research, 68, 49-72. https://doi.org/10.1075/aicr.68.06waa
de Waal, F. B. M. (2014). Natural normativity: The ‘is’ and ‘ought’ of animal behaviour. Behaviour, 151, 185-204. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003146
de Waal, F. B. M. & Ferrari, P. F. (2010). Towards a bottom-up perspective on animal and human cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(5), 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.03.003
Flack, J., Jeannotte, L., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2004). Play signaling and the perception of social rules by juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 118(2), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.118.2.149
Kaufmann, L. (2019). La Norme du « semblable »: entre moralité, socialité et politique. In I.Rivoal & M.Heintz (Dir.), Morale et cognition : À l’épreuve du terrain (pp. 73-99). Nanterre : Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.pupo.15350
Kaufmann, L. & Clément, F. (2014). Wired for Society: Cognizing pathways to Society and Culture. Topoï, 33(2), 459-475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-014-9236-9
Mondillon, L., Niedenthal, G., Paula, M., & Droit-Volet, S. (2007). Imitation of in-group versus out-group members’ facial expressions of anger: A test with a time perception task. Social Neuroscience, 2(3-4), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470910701376894
Searle, J. (1995). The Construction of Social Reality. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Tomasello, M. & Rakoczy, H. (2007). What Makes Human Cognition Unique? From Individual to Shared to Collective Intentionality. In F. Clément & L. Kaufmann (Eds.), Culture and Society: Some Viewpoints of Cognitive Scientists. Intellectica, 46-47, 25-48. https://doi.org/10.3406/intel.2007.1276
Kaufmann, L. (2024). Normatividad en estado salvaje. Aportes de Frans de Waal. ArtefaCToS. Revista De Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La tecnología, 13(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.14201/art2024.31491
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